Kodi chuma cha Latvia

Utatha wa USSR ndi kukonza yaikulu chuma cha Latvia kwa nthawi yaitali mofulumira kuwuka kudutsa bolodi. Mu zaka ziwiri masauzande - za peresenti awiri pa chaka mpaka 2008, pamene mavuto anayamba. Mu 1990 chuma cha Latvia GDP zinachitika makumi anai mu dziko, ndipo pofika cha 2007, anali mu malo wachitatu mwa maiko Union. Patsogolo Armenia ake okha ndi Azerbaijan.

ziwerengero

Mu 2006, GDP pa munthu anali 12.6% ndipo mu 2007 - 10,3%. Mu 1992, ndalama polima - ndi ruble m'chinenerochi, ndipo 1993 pang'onopang'ono m'malo Chilativiya balati. zakukonzanso ndi anthu wamba, chifukwa cha gawo la zachuma makampani ku Latvia ali utachepa kuti 12% (ndi chiwerengero anali 30% mu 1990 chaka) inkachitikira. Kale mu 2008, womwe ndi European Union, Latvia wakhala mtsogoleri chiwerengero cha osauka - peresenti twente-sikisi a anthu ankakhala osauka. Pomaliza mu 2009, GDP mu chuma Chilativiya wakhala chithunzi koipa pa mphamvu ya GDP mu dziko.

Ambiri, chitukuko cha mayiko Baltic kuchokera 1992 mpaka 2007, wotchedwa bwino yapadera ya kusintha kwa kusintha kwa kukula ndi chilengedwe mabungwe ano msika. Koma tsopano asayansi kuchokera kumabungwe Western zachuma amakonda kuona kukula kwa mbiri yotsalira Soviet - ichi pamene uli mu Baltic States makamaka mafakitale ndi zomangamanga bwino anakamba, komanso anapeza likulu volumetric anthu. chuma Estonia a, Latvia, Lithuania anauka zokha chifukwa kufufuza otsala, ndipo kokha mu zaka zingapo choyamba. Mu 2010, GDP Latvia anapitiriza kugwa panobe, koma mu 2011, anakonzeka peresenti theka asanu ndi. Akubwera kuchokera Soviet Union, Latvia wakhala membala wa bungwe la Trade World, ndipo mu 2004 limodzi ndi European Union. Gwiritsani yuro pano linayamba mu 2014.

malonda yachilendo

chuma Latvia pambuyo EU inalowa likhalebe wolimba ndi exporting. The mankhwala chachikulu ndi zitsulo zitsulo ndi chitsulo, ndi pang'ono kuposa eyiti peresenti ya makope onse, kenakonso zida asanu peresenti ndi makina magetsi, peresenti anayi - matabwa, zitatu ndi theka - nsalu ndi knitwear, asatayike mankhwala - atatu peresenti, pang'ono zosakwana masamba pa matabwa, kuzungulira ndi awiri ndi theka peresenti - mankhwala nkhuni. Zimagulitsidwa mankhwala amenewa kwa oyandikana Russia, Lithuania ndi Estonia, komanso ena mu Germany, Sweden ndi Poland. Ndipo apa pakubwera inatha mu Latvia ku nambala wokulirapo wa mayiko.

Mu 2015, ngongole kunja kwa Utumiki wa Economics la Latvia anakwana mayuro biliyoni 8,569. Mu zaka za mmbuyo, fluctuated pang'ono kwambiri. A pang'ono kale - mu 2000 - cholowa cha akaphatikiza wa ngongole Chilativiya kunja anakwana maperesenti oposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi GDP wake, ndipo mu 2007 analumpha zana pa zana ndi makumi atatu GDP la dzikolo. Mu 2009, ngongole anakwana maperesenti oposa makumi asanu ndi atatu zana. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi chuma cha Latvia? Advantageously, monga zinatha.

kapangidwe

Patsogolo dongosolo m'makalata a chuma cha Latvia amakonda ntchito - pafupifupi makumi asanu peresenti ya GDP, likukhalira. peresenti asanu zokolola nkhalango ndi ulimi ndipo anthu twente-sikisi - makampani. Isanafike 2003 (ie pamaso kulowa mu EU), mafakitale ku Latvia ikukula pang'onopang'ono - asanu peresenti pa chaka, ndipo ngakhale kuti chitukuko cha Mwachitsanzo, chuma mphamvu dziko lomwe ndi negligible (Riga CHP nambala 1 amagwiritsa peat m'deralo, ena makampani muyenera zipangizo kunja yaiwisi).

Akatswiri amanena nkhokwe pa alumali wa mafuta Baltic Nyanja matani mamiliyoni makumi atatu, osati kwambiri kupanga bwino. Mitsinje, nayenso, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo lathyathyathya mulibe lalikulu hydro angathe. Latvia yokha umabala biliyoni 3.3 kilowatt-maola magetsi, ndipo amadya biliyoni 5.2. GES umabala 67% ya izo, ndi zina - siteshoni kutentha chimene mukufuna kugula mafuta. Magetsi makamaka ankaitanitsa ku Russia ndi zina Estonia ndi Lithuania.

Wood ndi nsalu

Pafupifupi matabwa onse ndi zimagulitsidwa. The makampani yaikulu ya Utumiki wa Economics la Latvia amaona opanga plywood mu Kuldiga, Daugavpils, Liepaja, Riga, komanso opanga pepala mu Ogre ndi Jurmala. Ambiri Chotsimikizika kupala matabwa, amalonda ang'onoang'ono zili ponseponse m'madera onse a m'tawuni ndi akumidzi. Iwo amatumikira makamaka alendo ndi kuwapanga zosiyanasiyana alendo. Koma makampani nsalu ndi zambiri otukuka. Iwo amathandiza makampani pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi lalikulu ndi odziwika bwino, mwa ena ali ku madola miliyoni makumi atatu zolowa pachaka. mankhwala awo akhoza kupikisana mwachilungamo mosavuta ndi ofanana mu Sweden, Germany ndi England. Tikumbukenso kuti pafupifupi onse katundu kuchokera Latvia amagulitsidwa kunja sali pansi zopangidwa zawo, mabizinesi zibwenzi.

Zochokera yopanga nsalu kwa katundu yekha, kusiya Latvia mu peresenti pasanathe asanu ndi awiri a mankhwala ake. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2002, anagulitsa kunja osiyanasiyana nsalu madola mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu miliyoni. Monga chiwalo cha EU, Latvia amakakamizidwa lowetsani atatu khumi peresenti ya ntchito malangizo pa katundu onse ochokera m'mayiko lachitatu, zimene zikugwirizana ndi zipangizo yaiwisi makampani nsalu. A zopangira ndi anagula pafupi kwathunthu, kuphatikizapo mankhwala theka-yomalizidwa - mu Uzbekistan, Belarus, Ukraine ndi koposa zonse - mu Russian. Chifukwa, ndi chotsirizidwa zambiri mtengo: ndi nsalu, ndipo zovala, umene umabala Latvia. chuma dziko akhala akuvutika kwambiri. Kupikisana mofulumira kugwa, ndipo ngakhale ku makampani, amene nthawizonse zakhala bwino ubwino dziko wakhala kuchepa.

makampani processing chakudya

ntchito imeneyi mu ulamuliro wa Soviet nthawi yapita patsogolo pano. Economy nduna ya Latvia - wotchuka Chess grandmaster ndi wandale Dan Reizniece-Ozola unachitika othandiza mpando 2016, akukhulupirira kuti kuchulukana alipo gawo adzasowa chakudya muyenera ina iliyonse kugonjetsa. Ndipo, ndithudi, izo zimakula bwino kokha chomera osakwatira Latvia, umene umabala wotchuka "Riga basamu." mowa uyu ndi lero ali ndi malonda mwachilungamo khola, ndi kampani ali pamwamba atatu a amakhoma misonkho waukulu.

Ndi ena ndi zikuipiraipirabe. Zomera mkaka makumi asanu processing, eyiti okha ndi ku Chowona Zanyama Service wa chitsimikizo European motsata katundu, omwe akutipatsa ufulu kuitanitsa mkaka mu Europe. Nsomba nsomba ndi processing idagwa katatu, monga khalidwe European kumafuna Mokweza zazikulu ndi kukonzanso pafupifupi onse mabizinezi. Kodi alimi ang'onoang'ono angathe kupereka mankhwala yekha.

ulimi

kusintha Land and wamba zachititsa kuti kuchepetsa noticeable mu minda zofunika. A zakukonzanso ziwembu ambiri m'dziko adabwerera kwa anthu amene safuna chithandizo awo kapena alibe mwayi umenewu palibe. olimapo m'mbuyomu anali peresenti twente-seveni ya kapangidwe thumba dziko, ndipo tsopano kodi utachepa. Madambo ndi msipu kale wotanganidwa peresenti satini, ndipo nkhalango - za makumi anayi. Tsopano halved ulimi wa mbewu ndi mbatata utachepa peresenti makumi awiri ziweto, motero, ndi mkaka ndi nyama ali ochepa, pafupi kufa kumabungwe amene ankasunga maziko a ulimi mu Latvia.

Livestock ngakhale zosowa zapakhomo lero sangathe. ulimi ang'onoang'ono sangathe kudyetsa anthu, alimi alibe ndalama, iwo ali bwino kwambiri anapereka ndi feteleza ndi makina ulimi, ndi zambiri agribusiness adakali ang'ono. Ndipo Chofunika, mu Europe chirichonse chimene iwo amapanga pafupifupi uncompetitive.

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: zokopa alendo

Latvia wolemera zipilala mbiri. Pa m'gawo lake - za zana chidwi nyumba zokhalamo. Riga gombe achisangalalo m'dera Mzere wotchuka madzi mchere (sulfide wa hydrogen) ndi achire matope. Komabe, palibe chabwino. Poyamba, kuchokera alendo ndi linagawidwa sanali mpumulo mu Latvia. Ndipo tsopano pali mapeto a akatswiri European: woyendera nthambi zamasewela ya gombe Riga sangathe ntchito chifukwa chofunika m'ziwawa oyera-mmwamba ntchito. Ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake lero wokongola m'mbuyomu ndi ojijirika kwambiri campgrounds, pogwiritsa ndi magombe anali anathawira ndipo kumakhala ulesi.

Zofunikira lonse ongokhala ku Latvia unakhazikitsidwa mu Soviet Union mu zaka za m'ma otsiriza, choncho ndi bwino kuti popanda chopereka khama ambiri ndi mkulu zachuma, dongosolo adzakhala zambiri kuzichepetsa. Ichi ndi chithunzi chodabwitsa: zokopa alendo ku Latvia, dziko limene zimawoneka cholinga alendo, chifukwa 2 okha peresenti ya GDP. Pamene gombe Soviet Union kukaona chaka ndi alendo pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zikwi, tsopano pali chimodzimodzi nthawi makumi awiri zochepa. Anthu amabwera kupuma makamaka Belarus ndi Russia, ndi pang'ono - kuchokera Germany ndi Finland. Europe akukulonjezani kuti kutsitsimutsa makampani ku Latvia ndi boma Chilativiya kale chikonzero yaitali chitukuko zokopa alendo, koma mpaka mu dziko lino ndi mitengo wotsikitsitsa mu Europe.

zoyendera

chuma Latvia ali ulili peresenti makumi atatu ndalama zawo ku kutsogolera gawo - polumikizira katundu. Akatundu makamaka Russian. Izi peresenti twente-seveni buku okwana zogulitsa kunja kwa katundu. Chimaposa (mpaka fifite senti pa za zolowa) sitima zoyendera mu malo chachiwiri ndi sate pa zana - mapaipi, peresenti khumi wa madzi ndi amapereka asanu - zoyendera msewu. Njira ndi onse kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakum'mwera.

Doko lalikulu kwambiri la kum'mawa kwa Nyanja Baltic - Ventspils, akhoza aliyense mwa bwalo ndi kusamalira katundu aliyense. Apa panabwera ngakhale mathanki ndi kusamutsidwa matani mpaka zana limodzi zikwi makumi awiri. Matulukidwe a doko - matani mamiliyoni makumi anai, katundu dziko kalasi osachiritsika. doko Riga angakhale naco matani mamiliyoni khumi, ndi makampani Russian mwa osachiritsika chidebe anapereka peresenti eyite-faifi katundu mu zopita. Mapaipi, ndithudi, komanso Russia. Latvia ali zombo zake ziwiya fortini, chiwerengero kusamutsidwa - matani zosakwana makumi asanu zikwi.

Kodi chuma cha Latvia

Tsopano ife tikhoza kunena ndi mtima wonse kuti GDP mu nthawi chisanadze mavuto anathamangitsidwa ndi kugulitsa banal a boma katundu ndalama zakunja, komanso bungwe la EU ndi ngongole amawapopa. Woyamba mu ndondomeko imeneyi anali mabanki malonda: zaka zisanu kudzera 2008 anali pafupifupi popanda mabasa analipereka kwa anthu Latvia, mabiliyoni ambiri mayuro nyumba, kugula dziko, kukonzanso m'madera zogona alipo, kugula magalimoto odula, matelevizioni ndi makina ochapira. Ngongole anapatsidwa kwa zaka forte theka kapena awiri pa zana pa annum.

Choncho anayamba moyo wa ngongoleyo. Ndiyeno masoka a mavuto dziko mu malo yuro ali ofooka ndi solvency wa dziko, kuti Latvia anali patsogolo pa mpumulo wa impoverishment wa anthu. EU ziwerengero sadzakhala kunyenga: 38% ya anthu a Latvia pambuyo 2012 anali osauka. Chiwerengero wamphamvu anakakamizika massively ulendo ntchito. Awiri peresenti m'chaka kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu a Latvia. Pa "boma la Soviet Union", izo koma inayamba kuchuluka: zinali isanafike 1945 anthu okwana 2,7, ndipo mu 1985 - kale miliyoni 3,7. Kuyambira mu 1991 mpaka 2005, izo wataya pafupi makumi awiri peresenti ya anthu, ndi vuto la 2008, ndondomeko izi zikuchitika.

Ndalama misonkho

Chiyambireni cha 2017 malipiro osachepera mu Latvia (aakulu, mwachitsanzo pamaso msonkho) choikidwacho pa mayuro 380 pamwezi. Ndi kwambiri. Avereji ya malipiro (pamaso msonkho) - 810 yuro, mu nyumba boma - mayuro 828, ndipo eni payekha - 800.

Pambuyo msonkho 828 yuro pafupifupi malipiro anatembenukira kwa mayuro 611. Komabe, izi si chithunzi chonse. Mu 2016, antchito 177.800 analandira malipiro kwambiri poyerekeza osachepera lapansi. Mu 2015, anthu amenewa anali 173.400, ndiko kuposa makumi awiri peresenti ya anthu onse ogwira ntchito mu dziko. anthu Latvia, ndipo malinga 2015 - 1.973.000 anthu (monga izo zinaliri mu nthawi Soviet miliyoni 3.7). Employable tsopano ndi 969.200, mlingo ulova - pafupifupi khumi peresenti.