Kildin Island. Nyanja Barents. Nyanja Mogilnoye pa Kildin Island

Wachisoni chachikulu thanthwe ataliatali pa Barents Nyanja, Kildin chilumba - ndi zosaneneka chinsinsi cha chilengedwe. Mu malo awa onse zachilendo kwa anthu, maina mbiri ya chitukuko cha anthu kwa nthaka, malo komanso nyanja Mogilnoye.

Location chilumba

Mu gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Nyanja Barents, makilomita angapo kuchoka kwa a Kola Bay ndi Kildin. The zakuda mwala mulu ili pa mphambano ya njira yaikulu nyanja, kusiya kwa Murmansk. Mmodzi wa iwo udzadutsa Scandinavia ku Ulaya, wachiwiri - kwa White Sea. Chilumba waukulu, anakakhala pafupi ndi Murmansk gombe, ndi konsekonse ndi Kola Peninsula.

Island History

Mu 1809, English freebooters akunjawo kukhetsa mwazi anagonjetsa chilumba Kildin m'malo msasa, zochokera yachonde ake mapiri. Yowonongeka mtunda anatembenukira kwa nthawi yaitali m'dera zakutchire chipululu. Kuyambira pamenepo, kagawo kwa chilumba kum'mwera-kum'mawa, Bay, pa Cape ndi nyanja kubala dzina - Manda. M'zaka za m'ma XIX, ife ayambe wofuna ntchito chitukuko nkhanza ovuta, chisumbu anakhala ndi mzindawo. Komabe, chilichonse zangati chinachitika.

Ine anakakhala pachilumba angapo wamng'ono Norway Eriksen. Atatu mibadwo ya Eriksen banja okwana ankakhala pa chilumba za zaka 60. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX oyang'anira mzindawo chinkhoswe mu chitukuko Kildin zomangamanga, pakuika yabwino kuchuluka kwa ndalama.

Mu nthawi yomweyo kumeneko apeza malo Social Democrats, losonyeza asodzi. Iwo ntchito Kildin chilumba monga pasenjala mfundo. Anawabweretsa pano mozemba mabuku andale Norway, anafuna kuti atumizidwe kwa Arkhangelsk.

Achinyamata Soviet boma mwachangu anayamba kukula kwa malo okwera miyala. Mu nthawi yochepa kuti zikugwera pa malonda anakhazikitsa. Panali malo cooperatives nsomba, ayodini zomera, minda Pestsovoye ubweya ndi mabungwe ena. Nkhondo isanayambe anthu onse anakakhala ku dera Murmansk. Eriksen banja anazunzidwa. Chilumba anakhala njira malo a asilikali.

nyengo nkhondo chilumbacho zoyembekezeka lolimba mpaka 90 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. m'gawo lake yatenganso posts kuonerera, mfundo kukhudzana, mpweya chitetezo chida kachitidwe, kumalire positi. Iwo adzabzala mabatire m'madzi, chida Regiment, mbamphedza chilengedwe cha zomangamanga yoyenera.

Lero, ndi ochepa anthu koma ochepa maofesi a asilikali zatenga Kildin Island. Photo kuwonetsera aakulu malo ake opangidwa, m'chipululu expanses mtembo watsoka ukulu wakale - ndi zida zamphamvu asilikali, nyumba ofesi ndi nyumba zogona.

Kufotokozera za chilumba

Malinga ndi kapangidwe Geological kwa chilumba Kildin pafupifupi mosiyana Chile. mtunda wake ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene zili ndi Kola Peninsula. Iye ndi mapiri, ndi otsetsereka waulemu kuti ali apa ndi apo flecked ndi Moss ndi udzu. Kuchokera kumadzulo ndi kumpoto cha phompho ake okwezeka ndi kwakukulu. North gombe kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo adakulabe mu msinkhu.

Pansi kwa chigwa chakuya, amene anatenga mbali ya dera la kumpoto-kum'mawa, mtsinje umayenda. Pa phompho nsonga kumpoto ndi kum'mwera cascading mathithi. Mu gombe kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi kuti anagundidwa Bay yabwino. Zombo, m'mene adalowa Bay sepulchral kusala kudya kwa banki yamphamvu.

Barents ulendo, kutsegula Bay Manda mu 1594, anakantha pa mapu. Atumiki ya agulupa Solovetsky kum'mwera-kum'mawa gombe nsomba zili pa zaka ziwiri (17-18 zaka). Kum'mawa kwa Bay pagona nyanja Mogilnoye.

Biota

Pachilumbacho ndi kunyumba kwa mitundu ya mbalame, lomwe ndi anthu a m'gulu pangozi. Seagulls, buzzards, atsekwe, abakha ndi akadzidzi kumalo ozizira kumene kuli chilumba Kildin. Nyanja Barents - malo a dolphin, zinsomba beluga, wakupha zinsomba. Mu akupezeka shoals wa hering'i, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere ndi mlamba. Pa magombe kukonza rookeries chisindikizo ndi zisindikizo. Mu madzi a mitsinje Zarubihi, Tipanovki ndi Klimovka kuwalepheretsa nsomba, nsomba ndi Arctic gale-.

Pa Kildin kukumana hares, Nkhandwe ziri ndi zimbalangondo bulauni. Pa mayiko ake kukula kuderako - golide muzu (Rhodiola rosea). Koyamba, zikuoneka kuti mitengo pa malo okwera mapiri kwina. Koma zoyenera tione - waona pakati pa udzu mzere wosatha anatambasula mitengo wamakani nyenyezi yaing'ono birch, interspersed ndi clumps wa msondodzi ukuyanga sadzachitanso kuwonjezera kwa kutalika bondo.

nyanja Mogilnoye

Pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo pa chilumba anapanga yachilendo relict nyanja. Wapadera nyanja pa Kildin Island aumbike mwa zigawo zingapo za madzi. Pansi wosanjikiza - akufa zone ndi onse sulfide wa hydrogen kuwononga. Top - gwero la madzi abwino. The gawo pakati pa mosungiramo ladzala ndi madzi mchere ndi moyo m'madzi. Wosanjikiza pakati anali malo a mitundu osowa kuderako, mutated nsomba - Kildin m'nyanja zikuluzikulu amatetezedwa wa Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Pakati m'munsi ndi pakati sulfide mchere, "pansi" ndi wosanjikiza - madzi, wonyika chitumbuwa mtundu. Iwo wofiirira mabakiteriya anthu - moyo impermeable chotchinga amatha kusunga ndi kuyamwa mpweya woopsa. Ngati mwadzidzidzi mabakiteriya zikawoneka kuchokera ku nyanja, sulfide wa hydrogen adzayamba kuuka mu zigawo chapamwamba, akusandutsa dziwe mu malo aziopa.

Wapadera dziko udindo dziwe kuti ndi chosasimbika, ngakhale m'gulu la feduro zipilala zachilengedwe, ntchito chikhalidwe chitetezo ndi kuteteza masamba kwambiri wolakalakika. Malinga ndi asayansi, Kildin Island, Lake Mogilnoye - chidina malo achilengedwe kuliganizira kwambiri, chisamaliro ndi mudziwe zambiri.

Features nyanja

The relict nyanja kalelo kunali mbali ya Nyanja Barents. Inakhalapo chifukwa chakuti nyanja magombe mmwamba. Madzi pansi mu malo 96000 ^m2. Patapita nthawi anafika 560, ndipo m'lifupi mamita 280. Kuya kwa nyanja ndi madzi mandala wobiriwira amapita ku mamita 17.

Hydrochemical bwino pakati mwatsopano ndi mchere wosanjikiza anakhalabe chifukwa chakuti madzi akulowa ku Barents Nyanja kudzera kamtunda kopita ku chilumba cha dziko lapansi, analekanitsa nyanja ku nyanja. kutsinde m'lifupi - 70, kutalika - mamita 5.5. Chapamwamba amadzimadzi wosanjikiza mwakuya mamita 5 mwamphamvu desalinate pamwamba m'dambo.

Nyanjayi allocated mabacteria anayi zimasiyanasiyana mlingo wa amenewa. okhala madzi padziko choyamba zigawo zitatu. Zimapezeka rotifers atsopano wosanjikiza ndi copepods. madzi m'madzi ndi anthu modabwitsa, nkhanu ndi nyanja m'nyanja zikuluzikulu. Mu silnosolenoy madzi anakakhala mabakiteriya wofiirira, mofulumira kumasuka sulfide wa hydrogen mu otsika lopanda moyo "pansi" kwa posungira.