Kharkov njinga fakitale - mbiri, mankhwala ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Kharkov njinga fakitale linakhazikitsidwa ndi amalonda Russian 130 zaka zapitazo. Pamaso zitasintha, njinga fakitale ankatchedwa "Russian" anagula dipatimenti asilikali nkhondo, ndi kampani kuti atchule zipangizo zatsopano, aiming kuposa Anzawo European kuti anapambana pa milandu yambiri. Mu Soviet Union, maloto a njinga onse ndi mtundu njinga "Ukraine". Today chomera umabala njinga ano chitsanzo.

Riga Albucasis

Kharkov njinga fakitale limachokera ku nthawi za Tsarist Russia. Mu 1889, a Russian wamalonda A. A. Leytner inatsegula fakitale yaing'ono kwa kupanga latsopano, mofulumira anakhala luso yapamwamba mu Riga - njinga. Poyamba, ndodo munali antchito atatu okha ndi mwini yekha, kutsegulira njinga "kangaude" mtundu. Pang'onopang'ono, kupanga zachitika. mtengo Leitner a kwagona kuti munthu wina wodziwa bizinesi woona, iye anayesetsa kupereka wogula malonda bwino ndipo ankadziwa kwambiri za izo.

Alexander Leitner anali munthu ndi makhalidwe lalikulu la wazamalonda ndi chidziwitso kapangidwe injiniya. Monga membala wa Bungwe la Riga kupalasa njinga dera, anapita zisudzo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso kutsatira novelties mu msika njinga. Fashion ikupita patsogolo kwa mtundu watsopano zoyendera: m'malo wolemera "kangaude" anabwera mtundu chitsanzo, "Safed". Kwa nthawi yaitali, mankhwala amafalitsidwa yekha m'madera ochepa moyandikana kupanga, amene kale anali dzina lakelake - "Russian".

Mu 1896, fakitare amatenga mbali zonse Russian chionetsero chimene chinachitika mu Nizhny Novgorod. Imani ndi mankhwala Leitner, wopangidwa mwa zitsanzo khumi njinga, anali bwino loti. Pa nthawi imeneyi, kupanga ali anamasulidwa maudindo 15 msewu ndi njinga anagona. Bambo Leitner analandira Mendulo pa chionetserocho, chimene chinali chizindikiro cha kutchuka, inathandiza mankhwala mlingo dziko.

kuti asilikali

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 20 fakitale "Russia" inakhazikitsa madona, amuna, msewu, magalimoto, ana, tandem njinga. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi zitsanzo zoposa 20. mfundo mitengo anali demokalase chifukwa njinga yotsika mtengo ndalama 130 rubles, zitsanzo Mipikisano mpando anali okwana kukhala ofunika mozungulira 450 rubles. Leitner yekha anayambitsa zaluso kumbuyo kwa kapangidwe wamanja ndi setifiketi Kutulukira, womwe wakhala bwino, kupereka njinga zoweta mkulu ubwino mpikisano mu msika lonse.

Asilikali dipatimenti Tsarist Russia amakhudzidwa novelties, ndipo mu 1913 fakitale analandira lamulo kubala 1 zikwi msewu njinga. malamulo ndatambasula chizindikiro kampani kwa mlingo wokweretsa, zomwe zabwino bwanji kuchuluka kwa otsala malamulo fakitale. The kampani zolowa pachaka wafika rubles 400 zikwi, ndipo anati linanena bungwe chithunzi mayunitsi 8000 pa chaka.

Ku Riga kwa Kharkov

Mu 1915, mzere kutsogolo anadutsa pafupi Riga, pafunika kuti achoke amakampani zofunika njira. July 24, 1915, maofesi onse kupanga anatitumiza ku Kharkov, mu malo a fakitale kale Gelferiks Sad. Pa malo atsopano mu 1916, kampani anayamba kupanga nkhondo lopinda njinga "Dux nkhondo." Malinga ndi kampani anali zinasaina pangano zotumiza dipatimenti asilikali 3000 njinga asilikali.

Mpaka November 1917 fakitale Leitner anatumizidwa kunkhondo zitsanzo nkhondowo 3,600. Mu mbiri yonse ya kukhalapo kwa mzere kupanga opangidwa oposa 100,000 njinga, anayamba zitsanzo zoposa 60. The katundu wa mbiri chisanadze chosintha wa kampani ndi kutulutsidwa kwa njinga zamoto choyamba, tricycles ndi mitundu ingapo ya magalimoto.

pambuyo zisinthe

Pambuyo ulimi ndi nkhondo anawononga dziko anafunika zoyendera. Mwamwayi, njinga - ungwiro m'zonse. Ndi chiyambi cha World Choyamba ku Russia, panali awiri aakulu njinga wopanga - Moscow fakitale "Dux" nkhondo redeveloped kubala ndege, ndi fakitale Leitner, mwanzeru anasamutsidwa kuti Kharkov. Mu nthawi chisanadze chosintha izo linaperekedwa za 25,000 njinga chaka mu Russia.

Mu 1923 Kharkov njinga fakitale, tsopano wotchedwa Leitner movutikira kwambiri, anamasulidwa magalimoto zochepa chabe pa chaka. Akuluakulu a boma anaganiza kuti konza mphamvu kupanga ndi kuyendetsa njinga State Bzalani dzina la GI Petrovsky. Monga mbali ya wamakono wa magawo yopanga mphamvu anatitumiza kwa mbewu yatsopano, amene adakwera kudza ndi nthambi ya sitima ya. Malo okwana chimakwirira mahekitala oposa 3.

Ndi chiyambi cha kubwezeretsedwa kwa zomera boma anali pafupifupi 50 odziwa antchito, amene anali ndi chuma cha nawo ntchitoyo. kapangidwe zoyambirira za aphunzitsi anapangidwa wa iwo, ambuye ndi alangizi amene anali kuphunzitsa oyamba ntchito pa zida sanali muyezo-mlingo. Mu 1924 Kharkov njinga fakitale ndatsiriza chaka yopanga oposa 1 zikwi njinga.

Chulukitsani mitengo kupanga

Pali mawu akuti - "Kufunikira ndi mayi anatulukira," lomwe kwathunthu wapeza chitsimikizo mu moyo weniweniwo. M'dziko owonongedwa analibe Chalk aliwonse njinga nkhani, koma pali zomera zambiri ndi katundu sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale. Mwa kusinkhasinkha yosavuta zimasintha mbuye zomera anayamba ntchito English m'malo mafelemu nsonga Cossack, ataunjikidwa pa dera la chomera oyandikana kuyambira First World nkhondo.

Ndi 1926, ogulidwa ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zakunja zopangidwa akhazikitsidwa. Ku England akatulutsidwa zitsulo kosatayana timachubu, unyolo njinga, malamba zingerengere ozizira, mankhwala ndi zinthu zina. Part zipangizo chofunika kunja kwa Germany.

A okwanira kuchuluka kwa zipangizo mkulu amasankha ndi m'zinthu kupanga analola kuti amasule woyamba boma njinga kupanga yake, dzina lake "Ukraine". Mpaka 1927 ku Kharkov njinga fakitale pa zida akale Chatuluka pafupifupi 12 zikwi njinga chitsanzo ichi.

achoke

Kharkov njinga fakitale ankavutika wamakono mu 1929, zomwe zathandiza kuti adziwe ulimi wa zitsanzo bwino ndi kuonjezera linanena bungwe pachaka mankhwala itatha. Mpaka 1941, kampani opangidwa za miliyoni 1 njinga. Chiyambireni cha nkhondoyi mbewu mopupuluma anasamutsidwa kuti Bukhara komwe masabata angapo wabwezeretsedwa kupanga mkombero, lolunjika pa linanena bungwe kwa kutsogolo.

Ndi kusintha kwambiri za vutolo kutsogolo zinaonekeratu kuti kupalasa njinga Kharkov mbewu imene anabwerera ku Ukraine. Mu kugwa kwa 1944 anayamba ndondomeko kachiwiri achoke, mwamsanga kumayambiriro a chaka chotsatira, kampani kukonzanso kukhazikitsidwa kupanga luso zolinga asilikali. Mu June 1945, mbewu anayamba kupanga mankhwala wamba - njinga.

kuchira

The zaka pambuyo nkhondo anabweretsa kampani kukula mofulumira. Zamgululi wa Kharkov njinga fakitale anali mu ankafuna onse pa USSR. Mu 1948 mzere adayikapo kwa kupanga akazi ndi zitsanzo ana. Pa zitsanzo watsopano wa antchito a kamangidwe amasinthira wa mbewu: akatswiri luso ndi amaphunzitsidwa. Malinga ndi mapulani, mbewu kuti mapeto a nthawi anali kutulutsa mayunitsi 350,000 pa chaka.

kampani anakula, masitolo atsopano, ndodo kuchuluka. Pa chitukuko cha ulimi mu 1948 kampani wakhala allocated rubles mamiliyoni atatu. Gawo la ndalama anauzidwa kuti amange nyumba antchito. kampani umagwira ntchito mosinthana atatu. Mu 1949 chitsanzo anayamba kupanga masewera njinga B-31 pa liwiro, kenako akweza kuti imathamanga awiri.

Njinga Kharkov njinga fakitale mu 1950, anatenga gawo pa mpikisano lonse, osati kutsatira makhalidwe luso ndi khalidwe la analogues yachilendo. Mu 1948 anayamba kukula kwa malo kupanga ndi kumanganso kampaniyo. Zinali pamwambapa dongosolo kupanga zida zina zofunika kuti mayunitsi 10.340.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa dera chikhalidwe. Pamodzi ndi kukula kwa danga fakitale kumanga nyumba, maofesi chikhalidwe - canteens, malo zosangalatsa, malaibulale, zibonga ana ayamba ntchito zilandiridwenso ndi masewera zibonga.

Rise ndi kukonzanso

Cha m'ma makumi asanu ndi awiri kwa mbewu umabala osiyanasiyana yotakata mankhwala, kuphatikizapo masewera, ana, kuyenda, ndi zitsanzo zina. The linanena bungwe okwana anafika njinga 800 zikwi chaka. HVZ anali apadera kokha kampani m'dziko limene nkhani inaliko legkodorozhnyh ndi masewera njinga ya kalasi mkulu ndi khalidwe.

Mu 1979, mu nthawi ya Games Olympic mu Moscow, pa Kharkov njinga fakitale ife anayamba chitsanzo wapadera kwa zaka za njinga masewera - "Moscow 80" ndi NW "khwalala Champion". masewera njinga chimango anapangidwa ndi mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ndi kukhala ndi nzeru kapangidwe njira. Mwatsoka, zitsanzo sanali wokonzeka kuchita ntchito ya Olympic, ndi ntchito alibe yapangidwa.

Mu 1983, msonkhano mzere wa Kharkiv Motovelo anapita galimoto 23 miliyoni. Chiyambi cha nineties muzochitika zones za ulimi wabweretsa kutulukira mmwamba ubale zachuma ndi kuchepa linanena bungwe. HVZ mkhalidwe wachuma anali kwambiri kuchichepetsa. Mu 1991, kampani CHPTF "UCI" wakhala shareholder yaikulu ya Kharkov njinga fakitale.

Kuyambira mu 2001, mphamvu kupanga kumangidwa, kukodzedwa mzere zitsanzo njinga. Gawo la kupanga amapangidwa pansi pa "Madzi" chizindikiro. Lero, kampani amapanga Intaneti wogulitsa ku Ukraine ndi ku Russia.

mankhwala

Njinga HVZ (Kharkov njinga fakitale) anali wotchuka kwambiri mu Soviet Union. zitsanzo zambiri akhala lodziwika bwino wodziwika kwambiri khalidwe ndi chomasuka yokonza. Anyamata m'dziko lonselo kuphunzira kukwera ndi lophunzira luso ndi njinga "Ukraine".

Wotchuka kwambiri chitsanzo HVZ:

• "Ukraine". Kwambiri chachikulu njinga mtundu, walandira ambiri zosintha. Classic zitsanzo ankachiritsa mu chimake mwamuna ndi mkazi, ndipo mofanana bwino anapitiriza phula ndi dothi misewu. Model "Ukraine LUX» isiyana chakale pamaso zingerengere wa aloyi zotayidwa. Chitonthozo amapereka yaitali kuyenda ndodo, khamu ophimba ndi ananyema kutsogolo. chitsanzo amapangidwa ndi ochiritsira kapamwamba ndi adatchithisira, izo amaperekedwa ndi wotakasuka kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke katundu chipinda anawonjezera ndi footrest.
• "Alendo". Ndiponso lodziwika bwino chitsanzo cha njinga. Kuchokera "Ukraine" osiyana Lite kulemera, matayala yopapatiza ndipo imathamanga anayi selectable. Dzanja ananyema mu kasinthidwe zofunika ali kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo actuators. Mu zitsanzo ano mkulu-liwiro chimango zopangidwa yomanga zitsulo - welded. Yopuma mbali njinga chopangidwa ndi Ventura. mtengo wake ndi otsika, ndiponso kudalirika kwa kuposa chitsanzo ambiri odziwika bwino.
• "Alendo Start-khwalala" - lakonzedwa kuti akatswiri, koma ndi kophweka ndi Amateurs. Mbali A chitsanzo anali kulemera ka chimango lopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, 2.2 makilogalamu yekha. njinga anali okonzeka ndi magiya awiri pa gudumu kumbuyo, ndipo asanu kutsogolo. Chitonthozo ndi chitetezo anapereka Caliper nanyema, mpando chimango ndipo anatsindika ngo.
• "Sport". Njinga okwana misa osiyanasiyana makilogalamu 14.5, zitsulo kutsogolo mphanda dongosolo la transmissions eyiti ndi mawilo kunja. Lachitsanzo zinalengedwa zaka 70 ndipo anali wotchuka kwambiri ndi othamanga ankachita masewera.
• "Lembani" - Track chitsanzo, masekeli makilogalamu 8.5 kuti racers akatswiri.
• "Sputnik" - chitsanzo cha njinga, alendo yogwira lapamtima. Anafuna kupalasa yaitali mu mzinda, ndipo m'misewu dothi. Yodziwika ndi kuchuluka chitonthozo ndi kukana amadza.

Pafupifupi 130 zaka kukhala Kharkov njinga fakitale. Company zimasunga ndi ogwira ntchito lero likhoza kupezeka ku mizinda ina ya Ukraine. The mtengo kwa owerenga Chiyukireniya umayambirapo 2400 hryvnia.

Unkadziwika ndi khalidwe la mankhwala Kharkov njinga fakitale. Mitengo Russia pa siteji pano anapanga ndi ogulitsa payekha. Iwo akhoza kugula njinga pa mtengo wa rubles 10 zikwi ndi 45 zikwi. kampani akupitiriza kufunafuna njira zokulitsira maukonde ndi kutsegula kwa ogulitsa kuwasindikiza mu Russia.

State zadzidzidzi pa chomera

M'mbiri lowonekeratu HVZ anatentha kawiri - mu 2009 ndi 2017. Mu March 2009, moto wokhawokha mamita lalikulu 150. mamita danga pansi, kwathunthu yopsereza limodzi la masitolo. moto A zinachitika pakati pa tsiku, anali si bwanji. Chifukwa cha chinthu chakale Kulumikizana magetsi umatchedwa pangozi. Mmenemonso zadzidzidzi wavutika paintshop Kharkov njinga fakitale. The moto suzimitsidwa utumiki Utumiki wa Zochitika Emergency a Ukraine.

The chachiwiri moto zinachitika zinachitika March 30, 2017. Pa chomera chitapsya nsanjika zitatu Msonkhano. Akatswiri, amene adadza achotsedwe, anapatsidwa chachiwiri moto ngozi mlingo. Kuyambira mpweya monoxide poyizoni zowawa wina wa anthu a Kharkiv.

adiresi

kampaniyo liku- lu pa - Dizilo Street, Kumanga 3/5.

Zomera Kharkov lili Moskovsky Chiyembekezo mu dongosolo 118.

The ogwira ntchito, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zazikulu opangidwa osiyanasiyana yaikulu ya katundu - handcarts, sledges, zida zosinthira pa njinga.

Pamalowa mungathe kugula njinga Kharkov njinga fakitale: kampani sitolo ili pafupi Kuthi waukulu.