Katemera wa matendawa meningococcal. Kodi vaccinations zofunika?

Meningococcal matenda - matenda amene tizilombo kuchulukitsa INGATHE kuyambitsa matenda aakulu. Makamaka, kakhosi, sepsis, nasopharyngitis, chibayo, sinusitis kapena meningococcemia.

meninjaitisi

Meninjaitisi - meningococcal matenda amene angathe kukhala a mitundu iwiri: za pulaimale ndi sekondale. Mbali yoyamba tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kulowa m'thupi ndi m'malovu airborne. Kudzera pakhosi kenako kupyolera mwa mwazi ubongo chotchinga - mu nembanemba ubongo. matenda amenewa angakhale purulent kapena serous.

Pamene meninjaitisi serous ndi kudzikundikira lymphocytes mu madzimadzi cerebrospinal. Iwo amayamba ndi mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi zosangalatsa TB. Pamene purulent meninjaitisi mu madzimadzi cerebrospinal ndi kudzikundikira neutrophils. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mabakiteriya. Kwenikweni meningococcal A ndi C. Pafupifupi 40% a milandu kuyamba wa Haemophilus influenzae B. Ndipo 2 okha% kuchokera chibayo.

Mu meninjaitisi sekondale amakhudza thirakiti kupuma, oropharynx, makutu kapena malovu England. Mukhoza kuona zizindikiro za matenda monga chibayo kapena nthenda enteric. Ndiye mabakiteriya kudutsa mwa lymph ndi magazi, kuchititsa kutupa ubongo. Chifukwa sekondale meninjaitisi staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli, candida bowa, tizilombo, nsomba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena.

Kodi pali mliri?

Kuwaza matenda meningococcal unkachitika ku Russia mu 1968. Nthawi akhala pafupipafupi ndithu. Choncho, mwachangu katemera ku kachirombo meningococcal. Zinali mliri weniweni. Koma chifukwa katemera, pang'onopang'ono anabwera osaonekanso. Ndipo tsopano, matenda zimachokeradi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2000, anthu ambirimbiri a ku Russia anali 8 kachilombo.

Ana ndi kuti atengeke matenda. Ndipo chifukwa lagona pa chosowa katemera. Koma nasopharyngitis angakhale osiyana etiology, ndi kusiyanitsa nthawi zina kovuta kwa matenda ena. Choncho, nkhani yoti katemera ofunika meninjaitisi, inde. Kupewa bwino poyamba kuposa naye kwa nthawi yaitali kuchiritsa.

Kodi matenda meningococcal?

The causative wothandizila matenda meningococcal - mabakiteriya Neisseria meningitides. matenda angayambe mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a kakhosi (kutupa meninges a). Tizilomboto (meningococcus Vekselbauma) ndi galamu alibe diplococcus. Zilibe makapisozi ndi michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, ndi wofooka. Zilibe kupanga spores. Kutentha akadakwanitsira kukula mabakiteriya - 37 madigiri.

Kodi meningococcal matenda ndi wapezeka?

matenda Meningococcal akupezeka m'mayiko onse. Koma zochitika apamwamba - ku Central ndi West Africa. Mu Russia kangapo kunabuka matumba ka matenda. Choncho, katemera wa matendawa meningococcal chofunika matenda sanatenge mawonekedwe a mliri.

Zovuta za kakhosi

Matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri. Ngati nthawi sanalandire katemera matenda, zingayambitse mavuto aakulu. Nthawi zambiri iwo anabweretsa kuti ziyende amapha. Ngati nthawi sachiza matenda oumitsa khosi, ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita chilema. Zovuta kubwera ku mitundu ingapo:

• Pachimake oziziritsa chamtendere, ubongo edema, infarction oziziritsa, ventriculitis. Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba zambiri uka subdural effusion, occlusion sitingakwanitse excretion ADH syndrome.
• Pachimake extracerebral. Meninjaitisi odwala kugwera mu khalidwe kakasi. Zikuoneka Ice ndi hemorrhagic syndromes, hypoglycemia, kuchepa madzi m'thupi, nyamakazi, chibayo. Meninjaitisi zingakhudze thirakiti m'mimba (zilonda, gastritis).
• Mochedwa zosokonezeka. Zikuphatikizapo hydrocephalus, ataxia, ugonthi, khungu, enaake-zomatira arachnoiditis. Mavuto a meninjaitisi zingachititse manja kwa mitsempha chamawonedwe, ubongo abscess, kukanika kwa pituitary zapambuyo. Mu mavuto mochedwa kuoneka matenda a ubongo, mpaka maganizo. Nthawi zina pali matenda a shuga. Mu siteji zapamwamba - chikomokere.

Kodi katemera?

Mu Russia, pofuna kupewa matenda ambiri amangoti ntchito katemera kunja ndi matenda meningococcal "meninjaitisi A + C." M'banja kapena A ndi C. Katemera kuti lili W-135 ndi Y, ndikamezetsanidwemo wapaulendo yekha, kusiya mu Mecca. Muli meningococcal gulu si ankagwiritsa ntchito. Iwo ali otsika immunogenicity ndi angapo a determinants antigenic kuti akhoza kuyambitsa zotsatira zoyipa ndi zosokonezeka.

Kupewa kutupa kwa ubongo, ndi katemera wa matendawa meningococcal. dzina angakhale osiyana, chifukwa katemera osati anakhazikitsa limodzi, "Act-HIB," "Hiberiks", "aganyu-Act-HIB," "Pentaxim" ndi ena ambiri. Mukhoza iwo kwaulere mbali yaikulu pafupifupi chipatala aliyense m'tawuni. N'zoona kuti ena amagulitsa okha kwa ndalama ndi akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Pakuti kupewa wa pneumococcal meninjaitisi katemera «Pneumo 23" ntchito. Linapangidwa mu France. Free katemera okha ana, wopangidwa mu gulu chiopsezo. Aliyense afuna - ndipotu amalipiritsa. Izi kumezetsanitsa amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda oumitsa khosi osati kokha, komanso chiwerengero cha matenda ena (sepsis, chibayo, etc. D.).

Pamene ndi zomwe vaccinations chiyani?

Katemera kuti ntchito zambiri zili polysaccharides. Iwo kutumikiridwa kwa ana kwa zaka 2. katemera zimenezi kungakutetezeni mwana kwa zaka 3. Koma nthawi zambiri (kuposa 50% milandu), kakhosi zimachitika ana osaposera zaka ziwiri. Iwo katemera ndi kuyankha m'thupi ofooka. Katemera ndi meningococcal Gulu ntchito okha ana chaka wamkulu kuposa wina, gulu C - kokha mpaka zaka ziwiri. Ankalumikiza zachitika kamodzi kokha.

Kodi pali katemera ndi meninjaitisi makanda?

Pa katemera makanda ntchito nthawi zonse. Ngakhale kale kukhazikika bwino katemera serotype C. Chifukwa ichi katemera meninjaitisi zochitika yafupika ndi 76%. Ana osaposera zaka ziwiri - 90%. Ntchito tsopano yofuna pa katemera ophatikizana, zimene ziyenera muli meningococcus serotype 4. Pamaso katemera pamafunika kukaonana ndi dokotala. Musati kusankha katemera mwana paokha popanda kufunsa katswiri.

Kodi ndifunika kuti katemera wa matendawa meningococcal?

Katemera wa matendawa meningococcal si kuteteza, komanso mwambo miliri. Kawirikawiri katemera ntchito "A + C" amene walowa pamene mliri ngozi. Ndikamezetsanidwemo anthu onse, amene amakhala moyandikana ndi oopsa kwa cholinga cha matenda. Koma mliri pakhomo dziko lililonse anu. Ngati odwala amakhala kuposa manambala ena mapulani a katemera wa anthu n'kofunika.

Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa ana. nthawi katemera akapatsidwa motero kuti katemera kalendala wapadera. Malinga ndi iye, iwo anapangidwa kwa ana oposa zaka ziwiri, achinyamata ndi akulu ndi anayambika mliri wa matenda meningococcal, amene amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya kwa serogroups A ndi C.

Komanso pa kachirombo ka HIV mosavuta. ophunzira a m'sukulu za pulayimale akukhala kukwera masukulu ndi ana amasiye mu zogona banja. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi ana ku mabanja ovutika, kumene zinthu mwaukhondo zisakuyenda. Popeza oumitsa khosi akhoza kudwala kwa manja yakuda kapena zipatso. Choncho, chilengedwe cha katemera osakaniza, makamaka kwa ana, ndikofunikira.

katemera polysaccharide

Monga tanena kwenikweni "A + C" Ankalumikiza ntchito katemera. Mu malo jekeseni, pali ululu ndi hyperemia (amangoona 5% ndikamezetsanidwemo). More kawirikawiri amapezeka malungo amene dekhetsa masiku 1.5. Ndi katemera ena, zilibe osadzuka konse. Zolemba - redness pa malo inoculation. katemera okha contraindicated kwa anthu odwala matenda aakulu kapena matupi awo sagwirizana ndi zosakaniza ali iwo.

Kodi ndifunika katemera wa matendawa meningococcal?

Mu Russia zaka zingapo zapitazo ife anayambitsa mokakamizidwa Katemera ndi meninjaitisi. matenda ukapezeka chifukwa bakiteriya wotchedwa "Haemophilus influenzae". Chifukwa angayambitse matenda oumitsa khosi osati. Ndipo mwachitsanzo, matenda khutu, chibayo, ndi sinusitis. Komabe, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti matenda oumitsa khosi zingachititse osati Haemophilus influenzae, komanso tizilombo ting'onoting'ono zina zambiri.

Katemera ndi matenda ikuchitika m'mayiko onse a dziko. Kutupa ubongo kungachititse kuti imfa. Inoculations kumachitidwa mogwirizana ndi kalendala muyezo zachipatala imodzi katemera DTP. katemera Current muli zigawo matenda Hib. Haemophilus influenzae, monga ofufuza anapeza, zikhoza kukhala mtundu umodzi. The owopsa kwa tizilomboto anthu mtundu B. zambiri katemera munali chigawo chimodzi cha matenda kukhala chitetezo chokwanira zozitetezera.

meninjaitisi matenda (Haemophilus influenzae) ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa ana osaposa zaka 5. Ndiye katemera izo zimapangitsa neza, chifukwa ndi zaka chitetezo cha m'thupi anthu amapangidwa basi. Ngakhale kuteteza kwathunthu anthu ku malungo ogwira sangakhale matenda. Mukhoza kwambiri yekha kuchepetsa chiopsezo kugwira izo. Ndikutsutsa zosiyanasiyana meninjaitisi, ndipo amatha pneumococcus. Koma ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amenewa alipo katemera. Mabakiteriya oopsa kwambiri zimene zimachititsa kuti kutupa ubongo, lotchedwa meningococcus.

Ngati panali kukhudzana ndi mtima

Pofuna kupewa matenda oumitsa khosi ayenera katemera. Immunoglobulin chikuyendetsedwera kuti ana osaposa zaka 7, koma palibe pasanafike sabata pambuyo kukhudzana. Choncho mwana wa zaka 2 anatumidwa ndi 1.5 ml achikulire - 3 katemera ml. Ngati munthu ali chonyamulira cha matenda, ndi chemoprophylaxis kwa masiku anayi. Ngati ndi wamkulu, izo akapatsidwa rifampicin kawiri pa tsiku kwa magalamu 0,3.

Katemera ndi meninjaitisi anapangidwa pasadakhale, popanda kuyembekezera munthu amadwala. M'malo ampicillin ntchito amoxicillin. Iye ali ndi phindu mabakiteriya. M'mayiko ambiri mankhwala vaccinations kuti aliyense amene anali kukhudzana ndi odwala. Katemera ikuchitika masiku awiri. Mpaka chaka - 5 mpaka 10 mg / kg pa tsiku, chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka 12 - 10 mg / kg pa tsiku, kapena wina kuwombera "Ceftriaxone" 200 mg. katemera izi zimakhudza kwambiri osati monga kupewa malungo ogwira bongo, komanso kukhudzana ndi odwala matenda meningococcal. meninjaitisi Secondary angayambe mu mwezi. Popewa izi, mu masiku 5 pambuyo kukhudzana ndi munthu wodwala ayenera kupeza katemera matenda.