Karving ndi chiyani? Kujambula zipatso kwa oyamba kumene

Kujambula ndi luso la kudula zipatso, masamba, chokoleti, tchizi. Kwenikweni, kumasuliridwa kwenikweni kuchokera ku Chingerezi, kumene tanthawuzo lokha linachokera, kujambula kumatanthauza "kujambula."

Masters mu njira iyi akhoza kupanga ntchito zenizeni zenizeni kuchokera ku katundu. Tikukudziwitsani kuti mudzidziwe mwatsatanetsatane ndi kujambula.

Mbiri ya kujambula

Monga mukuganiza, zojambula zojambula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zinabwera ku Ulaya kuchokera ku Asia. Koma sichikuwonekeratu kuti ndi ndani amene adayamba kujambula - Chinese kapena Thais.

Ngakhale pali nthano: Pambuyo pa chikondwerero cha Loy Krathong ku Thailand (chaka sichinafotokozedwe, koma nthawiyi ndi nthawi ya XII), mfumu inakonda mbale yowonjezerayo ndi mafano a mbalame ndi maluwa yojambula kuchokera ku zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe iye amafuna kuti mkazi aliyense azichita. Pambuyo pake, kujambula kunkafalikira kummawa, motero kukongoletsa tebulo ndi mbale kunakhala mwambo.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, kujambula zithunzi za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kunayamba ku Ulaya. Koma kuzindikira izi, monga ku China ndi Thailand, kujambula apa sikunalandire. Zikuoneka kuti izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti ku Asia, chakudya chochokera ku ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso, kotero kuti pang'onopang'ono pali kusiyana kwa tebulo, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zojambula ngati zojambula. Ku Ulaya, mbalezo zinali zosiyana kwambiri, kotero kukongoletsa tebulo ndi mafano ovekedwa a ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso zinayamba kokha ndi chitukuko cha malonda odyera.

Tsopano kujambula kuli ndi miyeso iwiri yayikulu: European ndi Asia. Kusiyana kwawo ndi:

• Kusankhidwa kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba;
• Njira yocheka;
• Zida zina;
• Ziwembu.

Kujambula mipeni ndi zipangizo zina

Kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera. Mu njira yojambula, awa ndi mipeni yapadera. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti, pogwiritsa ntchito wamba, simungathe kukwaniritsa zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, simungapeze njira zomasuka.

Mitsuko ya kujambula:

• Mphepete: Chinthu chothandizira kudulidwa kwa nsalu, zoyenera zazikulu ndi zazing'ono;
• Mphunzitsi mpeni katatu;
• Pukuta mpeni: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula mizere yozungulira kuchokera ku masamba obiriwira ndi zipatso (mwachitsanzo, mbatata, maapulo), kuchotsa maziko ndi kupaka zinthu;
• Mpeni wa kudula kwa wavy;
• Mpeni wokhala ndi magawo akuluakulu: zothandiza popanga maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana;
• Mpeni "Wopsereza Wamphamvu": amayenera kupanga phala;
• Mphanga "Mchira wa Swallow": wothandiza popanga mapaundi angapo atatu;
• Mpeni wa peel;
• Mpeni wa ku Thai: amayenera kupanga mapangidwe abwino pa khungu lakuda.

Zida zowonjezera zojambula:

• Karoti sharpener: amathandiza kupanga kaloti (mosiyana, maluwa);
• Nkhono ya supuni ziwiri: imathandiza kudula masamba ndi zipatso za kukula kwake;
• Nyuzipepala ya nuazette;
• Zomera zamasamba;
• Zakudya zopatsa chakudya;
• Kudula.

Zida zojambulajambula zingagulidwe ngati chidutswa, ndipo zimagawidwa kuti zikhale zachilendo komanso zothandiza. Kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mipeni 3-4 yokha. Katswiri wodziwika amakhala ndi mipeni yambiri ndi zowonjezera (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 10-15 zidutswa). Chidachi chimaphatikizapo buku ndi DVD-ROM yomwe ili ndi maphunziro abwino komanso zothandiza.

Njira yokongoletsa

Kujambula ku Asia ndi zovuta zogwirizana ndi zipatso ndi masamba. Muzochitika, zizindikiro zamakono ndi zakumpoto zimayambira (mwachitsanzo, zidole ndi masewero a nkhondo). Ndipo pakukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zambiri, zida ndi maonekedwe.

Mbalame ya ku Ulaya ndi yokongola kwambiri komanso yokwera mtengo yokongoletsa tebulo. Zimagwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi zipatso zosavuta. Maonekedwe osamveka ndi ziwerengero ndizosowa kwambiri.

Kupanga Maphunziro

Kumapeto kwa 1932 kusintha, luso lojambula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba linatchuka kwambiri ku Thailand. Choncho, akuluakulu a boma adapanga maphunziro, ndipo masiku ano kujambula kumaphunzitsidwa kwa ana omwe afika zaka khumi ndi chimodzi.

M'mayiko a ku Ulaya, palinso maphunziro apadera omwe amapereka mapulogalamu oyambitsa, masters apamwamba, komanso mapulogalamu aang'ono kuti apange machitidwe ena. Maphunziro oterewa sali okwera mtengo, ndipo nthawi yawo imatenga maola asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu, omwe amagawidwa m'magulu angapo. Pambuyo pa maphunzirowa mumapatsidwa kalata yothetsa masukulu pamasewero ojambula - kakarving. Malingaliro ochokera kwa alumni akusonyeza kuti ena adanyozedwa ndi lusoli kuti iwo anayamba ngakhale kupanga ndalama pa izo. Ndipotu, mophiphiritsira kudula masamba ndi zipatso zingagulitsidwe.

Kunyumba n'kovuta kuphunzira kujambula, koma n'zotheka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi zipangizo zophunzitsira: mabuku apadera ndi mavidiyo omwe ali ndi maphunziro ochokera kwa aphunzitsi enieni mu njira zojambula. Mphunzitsi maphunziro kuchokera kwa amateurs kapena opanda mafano sadzakulolani kumvetsetsa njira iyi. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa.

Gulu la aphunzitsi: kujambula kuchokera ku zipatso kwa oyamba

Oyamba pa kujambula akhoza kupanga kapangidwe ka basketi kuchokera ku vwende.

Ntchito yotsatira:

1. Tengani mavwende. Sambani bwino ndi kuumitsa.
2. Lembani pakati pa mpweya wonse ndi mpeni wa mpeni mopepuka.
3. Pangani kampangidwe kamodzi kogwiritsa ntchito pepala lakuda.
4. Onetsetsani chitsanzo ku khoma la mavwende, poyang'ana pamtunda wapakati, mothandizidwa ndi tepi yomatira.
5. Ndi nsonga ya mpeni, jambulani chitsanzo.
6. Sungani ndondomekoyi pamwamba ndikusuntha ku vwende. Lembani motere mbali yonse ya gasiketi.
7. Samulani zidutswa za mavwende pambali pa chogwiritsira ntchito (zigawo ziwiri zilipo), koma musakhudze thupi pansi pake.
8. Dulani pakati pa zolumikiza pa chogwiritsira ntchito.
9. Sakanizani mnofu pa zamkati pansi pa chogwirira, kusiya asilimita awiri pa chogwirira.
10. Pangani m'mphepete mwazitali ya hafu ya vwende, yomwe imakhala ngati mbale.
11. Sakani theka la chivwende kuchokera pa zamkati, kusiya pamakoma ndi pafupifupi masentimita awiri.
12. Lembani masika okonzeka ndi zipatso zazing'ono: mphesa, strawberries, raspberries, yamatcheri, yamatcheri.

Chakudya chodyera chiri okonzeka!

Malangizo

1. Gwiritsani ntchito masamba ndi zipatso zokha. Ayeneranso kukhala osambitsidwa ndi owuma.
2. Dulani zokongoletsa ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mtundu ndi kulawa ndi mbale zazikulu.
3. Zida zonse ziyenera kuwongolera bwino.
4. Ntchito yomaliza ya zipatso (kupatula vwende ndi mavwende) ikani maminiti khumi m'madzi ozizira.