Kakhungu diso. ❖ kuyanika kunja kwa diso

Diso lili mitengo iwiri: kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Mtunda pakati pa iwo ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 24. Ndi kukula kwambiri cha mwana wa m'diso la. Mtokoma wa misa lotsiriza la pakati lamkati. Zikuonekeratu zili umene wazunguliridwa ndi nembanemba atatu. Iwo wapangidwa wa nthabwala amadzimadzi, mandala ndi thupi vitreous. Kumbali zonse wa diso pakati atazunguliridwa ndi atatu diso: fibrous (panja), mtima (pafupifupi) ndi ukonde (mkati). Ife angakuuzeni za aliyense wa iwo.

Chipolopolo kunja

The wangwiro kwambiri ndi chipolopolo kunja kwa diso, fibrous. Ndi kuyamika mwana wa diso lake amatha kukhala mawonekedwe ake.

diso

The diso kapena diso - kutsogolo ake ang'onoang'ono mbali. kukula kwake ndi za 1/6 kukula kwa nkhono lonse. The diso m'diso mwake ndi otukukira kunja mbali ambiri a iwo. Mu mawonekedwe ndi concave-otukukira kunja, penapake elongated mandala loyang'anizana kumbuyo concave. About mamilimita 0.5 ndi makulidwe labwino la diso la. awiri ake yopingasa ndi 11-12 mm. Mokhudzana ndi umodzi, kukula kwake - 10,5-11 mm.

The diso - ndi mandala m'chimake maso. Iwo wapangidwa ndi connective minofu stroma chimaonekera ndipo corneal maselo kupanga mankhwala zake. Ndi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kali pafupi ndi stroma zapambuyo ndi malire zapambuyo wa mbale. Yotsirizira amaimira chinthu chachikulu kwa diso (kusinthidwa), pamene ena anachokera ku endothelium, kuti chimakwirira kumbuyo padziko, ndi mizere lonse zapambuyo chapadenga cha m'diso la munthu. Stratified epithelium chimakwirira kutsogolo padziko diso la. Ndizosachita malire lakuthwa mu epithelium la chipolopolo kulumikiza. Chifukwa homogeneity a minofu, ndi kupanda lymphatic ndi magazi zotengera za diso, monga ankatsutsa wosanjikiza yachitatu, albuginea diso chimaonekera. Ife tsopano mutembenukire kwa sclera kulongosola.

sclera

Albuginea diso wotchedwa sclera. Izi zikuluzikulu zapambuyo mbali ya chipolopolo lakunja la padziko 1/6 la izo. Sclera - kupitiriza mwachindunji diso la. Komabe aumbike, mosiyana ndi yamasika, Ulusi wa minofu connective (wandiweyani) doped ndi ulusi ena - elastin. Tunica diso chipolopolo Komanso si mandala. The sclera mu diso la atuluka pang'onopang'ono. Translucent bezel ndi pa malire pakati pawo. Njirayi imatchedwa malire a diso la. Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe albuginea maso. Ndi mandala yekha pachiyambi, pafupi diso la.

m'madipatimenti sclera

The zapambuyo akunja padziko sclera yokutidwa ndi conjunctiva. Izi mucosa maso. Apo ayi, ndipo uku kumatchedwa connective. Koma gulu kumbuyo, apa limafotokoza okha endothelium. Pamwamba lamkati la sclera, amene ayang'anizana choroid, komanso chimakwirira endothelium. Mu m'litali sclera lonse ndi makulidwe chomwecho. Chigawo thinnest - malo n'zachikondi Ulusi wa mitsempha chamawonedwe, umene watuluka kuchokera mwana wa m'diso la. Pali aumbike mbale latisi. Sclera ali ndi makulidwe lalikulu kwambiri mu circumference wa mitsempha chamawonedwe. Ndi pano pakati 1 ndi 1.5 mm. Ndiye, makulidwe a amachepetsa, kufika pa equator ya 0.4-0.5 mm. Kutembenukira ku munda za ubwenzi minofu, sclera kachiwiri thickens, m'litali ndi za 0,6 mamilimita pano. Pochitika therethrough osati chamawonedwe ulusi mitsempha, komanso venous ndi ziwiya wolumikizira ndi misempha. Iwo ndi mndandanda wa mabowo sclera, amene Omaliza wotchedwa sclera. Pafupi ndi felemu la diso, mu kuya kwa kutsogolo dipatimentiyi wake uli utali wonse wa nkusani wa sclera ndi, akuthamanga circularly.

choroid

Choncho, tinali mwachidule pofotokoza ❖ kuyanika kunja kwa diso. Ife tifike ku mapangidwe a mtima, umatchedwanso pafupifupi. Iwo agawidwa zotsatirazi magawo atatu wosiyana. The woyamba - lalikulu, kumbuyo, zomwe mizere pafupifupi awiri mwa atatu alionse padziko lamkati la sclera lapansi. Njirayi imatchedwa choroid. Gawo lachiwiri - pafupifupi, yomwe ili m'malire pakati pa diso ndi sclera. Izi ciliary thupi. Pomaliza, gawo lachitatu (m'munsi, kutsogolo), kufala kudzera diso imatchedwa Iris kapena Iris.

Kwenikweni choroid mipita popanda malire lakuthwa mu zapambuyo kwa ciliary thupi. M'mphepete imodzi ya mpanda akhoza kuchita ngati malire pakati pawo. Pafupifupi mu choroid chabe pafupi sclera, kupatula dera la malo, komanso gawo limene limafanana ndi mitsempha chamawonedwe. The choroid pafupi yamasika zithunzi ali ndi bowo kudutsa zomwe mbale ili kwa latticed sclera CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe mitsempha. Pamwamba lakunja la m'manda pa pigment zili ndi maselo za indofeliyamu. Izo zimasokoneza vokrugsosudistoe capillary malo pamodzi ndi pamwamba lamkati la sclera lapansi.

zigawo zina chidwi kwa ife chipolopolo anapangidwa wa wosanjikiza wa ziwiya lalikulu, mtima kupanga mbale. Izi zili choncho makamaka mitsempha ndi mitsempha. Connective ulusi zotanuka, komanso maselo pigment oyenerera therebetween. Secondary mtima wosanjikiza kuli chozama wosanjikiza. Ndi zochepa inki. Kuti izo abuts zopezera ziwiya ang'ono ndi capillaries kupanga mtima-capillary mbale. Iwo makamaka anayamba m'dera macular. Structureless fibrous wosanjikiza - zoni kuya kwa choroid lapansi. Njirayi imatchedwa mbale yaikulu. Mu gawo zapambuyo wa choroid ndi thickens pang'ono napereka popanda malire lakuthwa mu ciliary thupi.

zida ciliary

Iwo ali ndi pamwamba lamkati la mbale m'munsi, zomwe ndi kupitiriza kwa pepalalo. Ukukamba amatanthauza choroid lapansi. The ciliary thupi , zambiri imakhala ciliary minofu, komanso stroma ciliary thupi. inawo ukufanizidwa ndi minofu connective wolemera maselo pigment ndi friable, komanso kuchuluka kwa nsupa.

The zigawo izi amadziŵika mu ciliary thupi: ndi ciliary bwalo, ciliary chikwapu ndi minofu ciliary. Lomalizira ofesi ake akunja mwachindunji pafupi sclera lapansi. Yosalala ulusi minofu ya minofu ciliary aumbike. Pakati pawo kusiyanitsa ulusi circumferential ndi meridional. Recent kwambiri otukuka. Iwo ndi mkono amene akutumikira maganizo a choroid. Kuchokera sclera ndi zapambuyo chipinda ngodya kuyamba ulusi wake. Kupita chammbuyo, pang'onopang'ono, iwo anataya choroid lapansi. minofu ichi, kudula, chimakakamiza patsogolo pa ciliary thupi (mbali kumbuyo) ndi choroid (mbali kutsogolo). Motero, mavuto a ciliary lamba amachepetsa.

ciliary minofu

ulusi zozungulira zimakhudzidwa mapangidwe minofu zozungulira. lawo Ndikulichepetsa amachepetsa lumen wa mphete imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito ciliary thupi. Zikomo malo awa kukonza kwa equator ya mandala ciliary lamba likuyandikira. Izo zimayambitsa zosangalatsa za lamba wa. Komanso, kupindika disolo kumawonjezera. Ndi mbali imeneyi ya minofu zozungulira ciliary amatchedwanso minofu compressing disolo.

bwalo ciliary

Izi gawo posteromedial wa ciliary thupi. Arcuate mu mawonekedwe, ali ndi pamwamba m'goli. bwalo Ciliary akupitiriza popanda malire lakuthwa mu choroid.

ciliary beater

Iwo akuchita zapambuyo mbali. Izo limatulutsa ndi crease yaing'ono, kufika radially. Izi makutu ciliary kusuntha anteriorly mu njira ciliary, amene ali pafupifupi 70 ndipo momasuka mpokolowekapo apulo ku kamera. M'mphepete anamaliza aumbike mwa malo kumene anasintha mu ciliary ndime plana ankakonda kutenga litchowa. Awa ndi malo za ubwenzi wa Kukhazikitsa disolo ciliary lamba.

Iris

Forefoot ndi Iris, kapena Iris. Mosiyana ndi madipatimenti ena, si ili mwachindunji pa cladding CHIKWANGWANI. Iris ndi kupitiriza kwa ciliary thupi (dipatimenti ake kutsogolo). Ilo liri mu ndege mazunzo ndi penapake kuchotsedwa diso la. Round dzenje anaitana mwana, ali pa malo ake. Ciliated otchedwa edge zosiyana m'mphepete amene ali pa circumference lonse la Iris lapansi. stratum otsiriza wapangidwa ndi minofu yosalala, mitsempha ya magazi, minofu connective, komanso ambiri ulusi mitsempha. The pigment chimene chimapangitsa "mtundu" maso kumbuyo padziko maselo Iris.

minofu yake yosalala ndi mbali ziwiri: zozungulira ndipo zozungulira. Mwana circumferentially overlies wosanjikiza zozungulira. Ndipamene minofu kuti constricts mwana. ulusi imakonzedwa radially, mawonekedwe minofu, amene chimafikira.

The zapambuyo padziko Iris pang'ono otukukira kunja anteriorly. Choncho, kumbuyo concave. Kutsogolo, pa circumference wa mwana, iyenera pang'ono mkati mphete Iris ndi (pupillary zone). 1 mamilimita cha m'lifupi. The mphete zochepa njanjira kunja imodzi mzere osasamba anakafika circularly. Njirayi imatchedwa yaing'ono bwalo la Iris lapansi. Mavesi a kutsogolo padziko mu m'lifupi za 3-4 mm. Adzaupereka kwa mphete lalikulu kunja kwa Iris, kapena ciliary gawo.

diso

Tafotokoza si onse diso. Ife anapereka fibrous ndi mtima. Kodi chigoba diso sanabadwe takambirana? Yankho - mkati, ukonde (limatchedwanso ndi diso). chipolopolo Izi ukufanizidwa ndi maselo mitsempha yomwe ili mu zigawo zingapo. mizere izo mkati mwa diso. Izi phindu lalikulu la diso. Kuti lili masomphenya a munthu, chifukwa amasonyeza zinthu. Ndiye zokhudza imafalikira ku ubongo kudzera mitsempha chamawonedwe. Komabe, diso sakuona onse chimodzimodzi. diso dongosolo chipolopolo ngati kuti waukulu luso zithunzi amakhala ndi macula lapansi.

macula

Ndi chigawo chapakati cha diso. Onse tamva ku sukulu ali mu diso ndodo ndi cones. Koma macula pali cones okha, amene ali ndi udindo masomphenya mtundu. Kwambiri chifukwa cha iye, ife sangathe kusiyanitsa mfundo zabwino, kuwerenga. Mu macula pali zinthu zonse kwa kulembetsa kunyezimira kuwala mu njira zambiri mwatsatanetsatane. The diso m'dera amakhala n'kakang'ono. Chifukwa cheza cha kuwala akhoza kupeza mwachindunji kwa cones kuwala tcheru. Mitsempha ya diso kuti ungatilepheretse bwinobwino mu macula palibe. maselo ake zimayendera ku choroid ili zakuya. Macula - yofunika kwa diso, kumene nambala yaikulu ya maselo phirilo (maselo zithunzi).

Kodi mkati mthunzi

Mkati mthunzi imakonzedwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo chipinda (pakati pa disolo ndi Iris). Mkati ali odzazidwa ndi madzi. Pakati pawo ili vitreous ndi mandala. mawonekedwe Last ndi lenticular mandala. Mandala, ngati diso refracts ndi transmits cheza kuwala. Chifukwa cha cholinga ichi pa chithunzi diso. Vitreous odzola a kugwirizana. Eyeground wosiyana mandala mwa izo.