Ivanov, "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu." Analysis wa pachithunzipa "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu"

Mu osiyana holo ya Tretyakov Gallery mukhoza kuwona chithunzi cha Ivanov "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu." Nsalu chidwi ndi kukula ndi mtundu wake inks, kuchulukitsa kwa kapangidwe. About wolemba akudziwa kuti moyo wake iye sanalandire kuzindikira kuti aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino ku ŵanyake. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti ntchito pa ntchito anakhala zaka zoposa 20, ndipo ambiri mwa anakhala m'dziko lachilendo. Koma tsopano aliyense akhoza kuona kupenta mwatsatanetsatane "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu." Kufotokozera akuupereka mu nkhaniyi.

Mwachidule yonena za chithunzicho

Kodi pa moyo wa wolemba zojambula? Iye anabadwa mu 1806 ku banja la wojambula. Anaphunzira mbuye tsogolo la Imperial Academy of Tirhana. Pakuti kupambana kwake kuyandikira ngakhale mu unyamata, iye anapambana mendulo awiri asiliva. Pambuyo mphoto ziwiri zagolide. Pambuyo Society izi polimbikitsa ojambula zithunzi anaganiza zomutumiza Alexander kwa Italy kusintha mu kupenta. Ndi mu dziko lino, wojambula ndipo analenga chinsalu chake chachikulu "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu." Mu Rome, chithunzicho chinali bwino yaikulu. Ndipo apa ku dzikolakwathu izo anakumana poyamba ozizira. Only mwapang'onopang'ono wachinyamata, kukangana pa zojambula, anazindikira mwa iye chitsanzo chachikulu cha kukhota zatsopano mu kupenta. Atangochoka chionetserocho wojambula Ivanov anadwala ndi kolera ndipo anafa. Pambuyo Tsar Alexander II 15 000 anagula kupenta "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu." Mbiri ya kujambula kuti mwaluso posachedwapa anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene iye anali mu Tretyakov Gallery. Apo iye ali lero.

mutu chithunzi

Wojambula kwa nthawi yaitali amakopeka ndi lingaliro kulenga chinsalu zosonyeza kuonekera kwa Mesiya. Re-kuwerenga Uthenga, iye anadza ku chilengedwe cha zojambula ndi zithunzi za m'Baibulo. Pamaso pake, mutu ntchito pachithunzipa ndi Domenico di Tommaso del Ghirlandaio, Italy wa zojambulajambula ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano kulenga mwaluso wake, "Ubatizo wa Khristu, St. John." Pofotokoza mbali ya Baibulo, munali nkhani ya chochitika chofunika, omwe zoyenera kupenta wake Ivanov. Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu - chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa lofunika kwambiri la New Testament.

Mu mapiri a ku Hermoni ndi Lebanon zimachokera wopatulika mtsinje wa Yorodano. Mu malire ake m'munsi ndipo amene ali malo opatulika kumene iye analalikira Ioann Krestitel. Makolo ake, Elizabeth ndi Zekariya anali kale ali patsogolo, pamene iwo anali mwana wamwamuna. mnyamata wina dzina lake John. Ambiri anagwa pa gawo la nsautso ya mneneri m'tsogolo. Pamene mfumu ya Yudeya, Herode analamula kupha ana onse ku Betelehemu, mayi wake, Elizabeth, akuthamanga zaka ziwiri mwana m'chipululu kupulumutsa mwana wake anapha ndi. John posapita nthawi anataya makolo ake. Iye ankakhala yekhayekha ku chipululu, kudya zomera ndi atavala zikopa za nyama. Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 13, iye anapita ku mtsinje wa Yorodano, kudziŵitsa m'deralo za kubwera chayandikira cha Mesiya. Kuti izo akhamukira anthu a m'midzi ina. Iwo anamvetsera mawu ake. John anaitanira pa iwo kuti alape machimo awo. Ndipo amene adachita, Mneneri kumizidwa mu "kwakusiyana Jordan" kubatiza. Choncho mtsinje waukulu anali ubatizo wosasintha padziko lonse. Ioann Predtecha analankhula za kubwera chayandikira cha Mpulumutsi. Aliyense anali kuyembekezera izi.

Pomaliza analakalaka-tsiku yafika. Pa magombe a Woyera Mtsinje Iisus Hristos anaonekera mu miinjiro yosavuta kalipentala ku Galileya. Palibe amene amafika, kupatula Baptist, sanadziwe. Mwana wa Mulungu anali modzichepetsa, kanthu ataima pakati ena. Iye analowa madzi a mtsinjewo kuti abatizidwe ndi Yohane. Asambe ndi madzi woyera kwa iye pambuyo kutha kutsuka wamagazi pa Kalvare. Iyo ndi nkhani ya ubatizo wa kuvutika kwa anthu akuyembekezera Mesiya, ndi za pa lona wake Ivanov.

Kodi ntchito pa intaneti?

Zinatha zaka zoposa 20 ntchito ya mbuye pa kupenta "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu." Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha chidwi omufunitsits mlongoyo. Mu zaka zitatu chithunzicho utoto chinsalu "Maonekedwe a Khristu wowuka kwa Mariya wa Magadala." Patsogolo ntchito pa mwaluso la wolemba ali anaphedwa oposa 600 maphunziro. Ivanov mosalekeza anafuna prototypes wa anthu a filimu ndi anzanu, odutsa mu misewu, misika ndi zina zotero. Aliyense chithunzi, monga mbuye, amayenera kuimira dziko lonse ndi zovuta moyo tsogolo. Pamene ntchito pa pachithunzipa, Ivanov kangapo kusintha choyambirira anaima zikuchokera. Apa iye amasiya misonkhano ya kupenta maphunziro. M'njira nthawi zonse chimakhala ndi wojambula zothandiza zinasonyeza nkhope za anthu odutsa maganizo awo. Great bwino waikanso mu mlengalenga ndi buku kutengerapo. Nthawi zambiri ntchito pa katswiri unachitikira ku Italy. Kodi chidwi chithunzi siinamalizidwe. Izi zinathandiza matenda pang'onopang'ono kwa diso la zojambulajambula, komanso ngati kusintha mumtima mwake. Kumapeto kwa ntchito pa lona Ivanov anataya chikhulupiriro chakuti ulaliki achipembedzo, kubala chowonadi mwa luso, angathandize kuti kusintha kwa munthu. Koma mu chinsalu akhakula ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha monumentalism zachikhalidwe.

malo

Nsalu zokongola kwambiri. Chikhalidwe cha si zochepa limaonetseratu kuposa anthu kanjedza. Monga amadziwika, zotsatira za chithunzi pa chinsalu cha zikuchitika Palestine. Koma chithunzicho analibe mwayi alendowa mbali kwa mwatsatanetsatane kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha anthu malo. Yoyenera chikhalidwe cha nthawi yaitali iye anali kuyang'ana mu Italy. Ndipo iye anali kupeza ake. Kwa miyezi anakhala ku zithaphwi ndi backwoods mu dziko, kuyesera kuti recreate khalidwe la Land Woyera mu ntchito yawo. Mwandondomeko chidwi, expressiveness ndi Kuzindikira imamveka mbuye wake. Apa ndi dzuwa zinapserera kumveka miyala ndi mapiri mu Chifunga buluu patali, ndi magombe a mtsinje wopatulika, inamera mitengo ndi zitsamba. Iwo zodabwitsa zimene chodabwitsa mtundu ma Ivanov zikupezeka pano. "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu" - chithunzi alidi mwaluso. Zimaoneka ngati mbuye utoto burashi, pa nsonga ya limene linali dzuwa. Kotero zonse zili m'menemo ndi kuwala chowala, jubilant.

Kufotokozera za chithunzi

Mu Pachithunzipa ndi gulu la zojambula za Ayuda amene adadza kwa madzi a Mtsinje Woyera kumvera mlaliki John, kuyeretsedwa machimo ndi kudzabatizidwa ndi iye. Pali anthu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, magulu a anthu ndi zipembedzo. Kodi amphamvu ndi kusiyana pakati pa Ayuda akuonetsedwa pa cithunzithunzi, wosiyana kwambiri ndi maganizo pa nkhope zawo. Munthu ayang'ana pa John ndi kutengeka ndi chisangalalo pamaso pa kubwera kwa Mesiya, munthu - akumwetulira amantha ndiponso kusakhulupirirana, ndipo ena ndi mkwiyo ndi udani. Mu kupenta "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu," chithunzicho ali linasonyeza ambiri olemera okalamba munthu ndi kapolo ndi chingwe mozungulira wake khosi, kutchire kukakumba ndikafuna kudzithandiza ake haunches pafupi ndi Mbuye wake, nampatsa iye zovala. Mochititsatu kaso ndi chidwi ndi chikondi cha Mtumiki kumvetsera Kapolo. Kuyang'ana pa iye, ndinu wotsimikiza kuti kapoloyu adzakhala mmodzi wa othandizana ambiri odzipereka a Chikhristu. Chotero mumaona pogwiritsira ntchito mawu ake Baptist. Kuti chikhulupiriro chatsopano, monga mbuye, anali kubweretsa pamodzi anthu a magulu osiyanasiyana.

Kenako mneneri atumwi: chosalimba red-tsitsi mnyamata mu chofunda wofiira ndi wachikasu malaya Ioann Bogoslov ndi imvi bearded wachikulire mu mdima maolivi chofunda ndi woganiza nkhope Andrew. ophunzira tsogolo ndi otsatira a Khristu, kuti pambuyo pa kuuka kwa Mpulumutsi adzakhala kuuza anthu za moyo wapadziko lapansi wa Mesiya. Pali mu khamu Baptist ophunzira otchedwa "okayikira". Izi ndi mnyamata wa nkhope yokongola, anapangidwa ndi ndevu zakuda. Iye anali akunjenjemera atakulungidwa mu nthawi buluu wobiriwira mkanjo. Maso ake nkhawa. Nkhope Mawu amenewa akusonyeza kusakhulupirira ndi kukayikira kuyenerera kwa mneneri. Wachiwiri "okayikira" - woyera-bearded wachikulire mu chofunda mdima. Iye amamva mosamala mawu a Yohane. Izi mwina amitundu amene anabwera kudzamvetsera ulaliki wa Mpulumutsi adzabwera ndiponso amene sakhulupirira zozizwitsa. Kumanzere kwa iwo akuonetsedwa munthu wokalamba, adatsamira pa ndodo, ndi amaliseche mnyamata. Iwo basi asambe ndi madzi a mtsinje wa Yorodano ndipo tsopano powumbidwa kuyang'ana pa Yohane.

Ufulu wa Mtumiki ndi gulu la anthu amene maso ali pa kubwera kwa Khristu mu mtunda. Ena mwa iwo ndi osagwirizana ansembe akulu ndi mlaliki alembi. Othandiza wakale chikhulupiriro. nkhope zawo angathe kuwerenga ndi kusakonda cha chiphunzitso chatsopano, ndipo ena ozizira zimene zikuchitika, ndi kukayikirana ndi mkwiyo zenizeni. Izi makamaka akuonekera ku mawu a nkhope ndi zosasangalatsa munthu wakale pamodzi ndi mphuno wandiweyani. Iye akuonetsedwa mu mbiri. Limaonetseratu ndi zithunzi izi Pachithunzipa lapansi. Izi theka maliseche mnyamata ndi loyenda tsitsi lofiira. thupi ndi maso ake anatembenukira kwa Khristu. Womutsatira ndi otchedwa "amatanthauza" - mnyamatayo ndi bambo ake. Iwo basi kwinaku ndikulimbana mu madzi a mtsinje wopatulika kuti abatizidwe. Kulemekeza Mulungu ndi chikondi iwo kutsatira mawu a Yohane. chithunzi wawo wonse limaimira wofunitsitsa kuvomereza chipembedzo chatsopano ndi kukhulupirira mu kudza kwa Mesiya. Lotsatira, khamu kuwona asilikali a Roma anatumiza pano kusunga ndondomeko, akazi, olapa ku Cape amtundu wina. Kodi chidwi, monga sitter kwa fano la oipa anapanga bwenzi wabwino wa Ivanov - Nikolai Gogol. The kupenta "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu" akuwonekeratu kunachokera kufanana kwa wolemba chachikulu cha nkhope ndi khalidwe. Izi makamaka noticeable pa zina zachidule kuti chinsalu cha.

Chithunzi cha Ioanna Krestitelya

Malinga ndi Baibulo, nthawi yambiri anakhala mu mneneri chipululu, atavala zikopa za nyama, kudya zomera awo onse amoyo olungama kwa anthu. Apa ndi kupenta "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu, kalembedwe sipangakhalenso chimatanthauza Kuzindikira maphunziro, Ioann Krestitel akufotokozedwa mkulu munthu wamphamvu tsitsi lalitali, mosintha otsika kuchokera mapewa ake ndi ndevu. Iye ali wotumbululuka woonda nkhope, maso olowa mkati, amvekere iye monga munthu, masiku ambiri anakhala mu payekha ndi radevshego kwa tsoka la anthu. Iye atavala khungu ngamira ndi chowala kwasanduka vuto coarse. Amphamvu manja ndi mapazi, mkulu wanzeru pamphumi zovuta tione zikuluzikulu nkuti pa mkati mphamvu ya Baptist. Ananenanso kuti anthu pa chithunzi anthu, ndikuonetseni pa miyala, dzuwa zinapserera kumveka. Ndi Iisus Hristos yekha - Mesiya, nthawi yaitali otsatira a Mtumiki. Mu dzanja lake lamanzere Mbatizi mtanda - chizindikiro cha chikhulupiriro chatsopano. Yofunika manja John, nkhope yake nkhope kunena za chisangalalo ndi kusangalala ndi zimene wakumana nthawi yaitali Mesiya.

Chithunzi cha Khristu

The chithunzi chapakati cha zikuchokera ilipo Ioann Krestitel. Koma Mpulumutsi otchulidwa patali. Koma wojambula uyu alibe mbiri kufunika kwake mu zikuchokera wonse. Mu kupenta "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu," wolemba akupereka Mesiya monga munthu zovala kumveka. Koma zonse amapereka "Mwana wa Mulungu"; ndipo ulemerero wa gait ndi maphunziro chinsisi cha thupi lake, zosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya mapiri ... The wowerenga zimavuta kuona nkhope ya Mpulumutsi. ndi maganizo izo akufotokoza chiyani? Zikuoneka kuti ali zonse: bata ndi ulemerero, chimwemwe ndi chikondi ... Silhouette wa Khristu ndi limaonetseratu, koma amaona ndi bwinobwino. Iye akuchita zamatsenga ndi zosamvetsetseka. Izi lingaliro linalake wolemba pa chithunzipo. Anasonyeza kuti Mesiya mu njira iyi awiri zifukwa. Choyamba, angakonde kuganizira pa nkhope ndi chithunzi cha Mpulumutsi, amene anadza ku dziko lino kuti amasule anthu ku uchimo, ndi mmene anthu amachitira chodabwitsa Yesu. Lachiwiri, Chikhristu chokha pamene Ayuda ankaona zachinsinsi ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa sublimely.

Analysis wa pachithunzipa "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu"

Kugulu sankamvetsa cholinga cha wolemba, chakuya nthanthi tanthauzo chibadidwe mankhwala. Choncho, ntchito chithunzicho lalandiridwa poyamba ozizira kwambiri. omvetsera ntchito kuwona mu mtundu wanyimbo aliyense luso ungwazi, mu mawonekedwe chirichonse chimene angaimire. Apa mbuye zotsatirazi anthu enieni ndi maganizo awo enieni. Pakuti anthu zinali zachabechabe! Izi kupenta anthu sitinamuone. Ndi angati maganizo osiyana ndi anthu akhoza kukhala munthu, kukonzekera mwambo waukulu mu moyo wanu - ndi zimene ndimafuna kusonyeza ntchito yake Ivanov. "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu" - chithunzi-korona ntchito yake. Great mtengo wa wojambula kuno ndi kumvetsa bwino kwambiri kuwerenga maganizo a anthu. Aliyense ngwazi nyimbo zake - dziko lonse maganizo, mtima maganizo. Kuyang'ana zithunzi zojambula khalidwe lililonse, inu mosavuta kulingalira zimene munthu uyu wamoyo, zimene ali kalasi ndi chipembedzo, koma kodi dziko mumtima mwake, n'chiyani chimene iwo. Pa chiyambi cha ntchito pa chithunzi mbuye anasolola nkhani za m'Baibulo. Koma kumapeto kwa iye anayenera kusiya mwayi wa chipembedzo kwa kusinthika, kubadwanso kwa munthu. Kenako ankafuna kuti alembe mu mtsempha chomwecho, koma popanda mopita ku Uthenga, ndi kusonyeza maganizo a anthu a m'nthawi yake kwawo. Ndizachisoni kuti iye sakanakhoza kuchita izo. Iye anali kudwala nthawi yomweyo kwambiri. Koma ntchito ndithu mu izi nyimbo ndi kudana ndi zoipa, zomwe woyamba adakwatira anthu ntchito yake.

Tsoka la pachithunzipa

Mu 1857, ntchito pa chinsalu chachikulu inatha. Miyeso ya kupenta ndi kukwapula :. 540 × 750 masentimita Mu 1858, Ivanov wasankha kupita ku St. Petersburg pamaso mwaluso za kugulu. The ndalama zoyendera ntchito zikuluzikulu za luso anapereka Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. Chionetsero cha zithunzi zojambula "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu", ndi maphunziro onse ndipo zithunzi kwa zinachitika mu holo ya Academy of Wabwino Tirhana. Lomveka ziyenera a ntchito zaluso ndi sanalandire. Akuluakulu anakumana wake wokongola ozizira. Koma powonekera anthu anachititsa chidwi amphamvu. anthu Progressive nthawi kuti aliyense amavomereza mu wolemba zojambula wanzeru wojambula amene anatulukira njira yatsopano ndi chithunzi. masabata asanu pambuyo chionetserocho Ivanov anadwala ndi kolera ndipo anafa. Maola ingapo Mfumu Alexander II anagula kupenta kwa rubles 15,000 - mtengo ndithu mu masiku amenewo. Ananka naye mphatso Rumyantsev Museum mzinda wa St. Petersburg. Pakuti chinsalu chachikulu anali alimbane kwa hema osiyana. Mu 1925 ndi Rumyantsev Museum, asamukira Moscow, unatha. ntchito imeneyi luso unasamutsidwira State Tretyakov Gallery. Mu 1932 apo inamangidwa chipinda osiyana mu Lavrushinsky Lane zoterozo nsalu zokha ayi zikuluzikulu. Apa ndi lero. Mu mzinda wa St. Petersburg pa State Russian Museum ali maphunziro ambiri ndipo zithunzi atatu pachithunzipa.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Izi chithunzi - woyambitsa lipoti wa boma penshioni ku Italy. Mu dziko lino chithunzicho ananditumiza zaka 4 kubwezeretsa luso. Ndi mochuluka monga zaka 20 iye anakwanitsa kutambasula "kuphunzira ntchito mukadali pasukulu" Alexander Ivanov. "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu" - chithunzi, umene ntchito.
• Mmodzi wa kanjedza ndi penti ndi ambuye ku Nikolaya Gogolya. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa bathers ili pafupi kwa Khristu. Pa chinsalu chachikulu sadzachitanso noticeable zofanana. Koma mu zina zachidule kwa kupenta, izo akuonekera bwino.
• Munthu wakale kumanzere wavala woyera loincloth. Mu chinyezimiro cha chidutswa cha zovala limapezeka wofiira.
• Near Ioanna Krestitelya limasonyeza mtumiki mu Cape buluu. Nkhope yake inali wobiriwira. Izi akuonekera bwino mu zina zachidule kwa pachithunzipa.
• Mwa nyimbo za gulu chapakati kanjedza apaulendo ndi kuoneka bwino ndi ndodo mu zipewa zakhonde imvi. Mu njira iyi wojambula zotsatirazi yekha.
• Masabata angapo pambuyo ulaliki onse wa kupenta "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu," Aleksandra Ivanova anali atapita. Masiku otsiriza a moyo wake ndi cha manyazi ndipo kusimidwa. Amadziwika kuti sanalandire amalipiritsa analonjeza ntchito. Art okonda akhala akudzudzula izo. Atafa wolemba, mfumu chisomo wam'patsa Order wa St. Vladimir, ndipo anagula kupenta kwa ndalama zambiri masiku amenewo.