French Malo

Mu zaka za m'ma 19 ndi chithunzi French ndi akupangidwa dziko malo m'chombocho. Malo amisiri si makamaka anakopeka Paris ndi mayendedwe ake kusala kudya kwa moyo, iwo akufuna kusangalala ndi mtendere, bata ndi ili pafupi ndi likulu la m'mudzi wa Barbizon pafupi Fontainebleau nkhalango kumene ndipo anayamba kulenga katswiri awo. Ena ojambula zithunzi m'mudzi umenewu amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito kokha mu nyengo ofunda ndi yozizira ku chitonthozo m'tawuni. Koma panali ena amene anapitirizabe masitolo m'mudzi chaka chonse. Iwo anayamba kuitana - Barbizon (dzina la mudzi). Ambiri ankakonda ntchito m'mawa, pamene chikhalidwe n'kudzuka okha kukumbukira kutsitsimuka awo. Pambuyo, kumanga pa ntchito, anapita ku zokambirana ndi. Kukonza malo a French m'ma m'ma 19, aluso kuti asaiwale chifanizo cha moyo wakumudzi, kulemba nkhalango, mitsinje, ng'ombe ng'ombe, mahatchi, anaona zonse ndi kudekha, umphumphu wa munthu ndi chikhalidwe. Izi limafanana ndi mitundu: odzilamulira, nthawi zambiri monochrome, kumene Echo bulauni, zofiirira ndi malankhulidwe wobiriwira. Koma mbali yofunika ya mtundu gamut aluso anali valory (a kusiyana mochenjera mtundu kamvekedwe komweko, lightness).

Ngati inu funso: "N'chifukwa chiyani Barbizon?" - yankho ndi lodziwikiratu. Mu French kupenta m'zaka za m'ma 19, malo anali limakhala zithunzi za m'nthano ndiponso anthu, nthawi zambiri kupititsidwa patsogolo. Barbizon anasonyeza dziko chenicheni French malo a dziko lakwawo, kumene pali zolinga kwambiri wamba za chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri nawo anthu wamba zikugwira ntchito wamba.

Woyambitsa ndi abwana a sukulu anali Pierre -Eten -Teodor Rousseau (1812-1867). akusoŵa iye amaganiziranso chifaniziro cha chikhalidwe cha France. zojambula wake kawirikawiri wamfupi, ndi mitunda - maganizo. Chitsanzo ndi ntchito zake "Morning mu nkhalango Fontainebleau." M'mawa, mu Pachithunzipa ndi mtundu wa Chipilala cha mitengo pakati pa ng'ombe amayambanso zikuchokera, chirichonse yokutidwa ndi ngale siliva nkhungu wa kwachanso. Koyamba, zonse ndi yosavuta, koma mmene malingaliro ndi maganizo ambiri.

More ndikanafuna kuti asonyeze ntchito ya wojambula Jean-Batista Kamilya Corot, amene anali pafupi ndi sukulu Barbizon, koma mwakuya anapita pa njira yake. Iye ni mmodzi wa omwe adayambitsa sukulu dziko la malo kupenta nyumba ya atumwi 19 France. Nthawi zina anapita Barbizon kuyenda. Pa nthawi yonse yolenga analenga zithunzi za zikwi zitatu. mitunda wake ndi kophweka, pali nthawi ina kuwaona, osati kusokonezedwa ndi malo a olemba ena. Air, mitengo fluffy, monga ngati mu Chifunga waulemu wa mitundu potengera ubale wochenjera silvery imvi ndi ngale pearlescent mitundu. Wotchuka kwambiri za ntchito yake: ". Belu nsanja Argenteuil" "The udzu" Makamaka ndimasirira malo ake "Ville d'Avray." Pastel wofatsa malankhulidwe ndi mitengo fluffy kulenga wapadera chinyezi mpweya m'mawa, komwe thambo silvery zimaonekera nyanja, ndipo dzuwa mokoma zounikira nyumba. Izi nyumba dziko la wolemba, mitundu ya m'madera omwe Mose analemba pa moyo wawo.

Mofala luso unsembe Barbizon sukulu analandira pamene 1860. Pa chaka, ndi nkhani kwa maluwa waukulu. Izi inasanduka malo a Haji Barbizon ojambula zithunzi wamng'ono. Mphamvu ya sukulu Barbizon wa kujambula kwambiri pa chitukuko wotsatira kwa malo ziriri, osati France komanso m'mayiko ena a dziko. Mwachitsanzo, mu Russia - ichi ndi ntchito aluso, amene anayambitsa fuko malo m'nyimbo AK Savrasov (imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, "The Makwangwala Olimbana Kodi Yafika") ndi FA Vasilyeva (imodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri "M'madzi dambo"). Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi panali kuchepa kwa sukulu Barbizon, iye anagwetsa ena a ku kupenta (impressionism - chilengedwe cha zina zachidule panja, kenako akamaliza chomaliza cha ntchito situdiyo).