Venera Bottichelli - ndi lokongola. The kupenta ndi Sandro Botticelli "Kubadwa kwa Venus": kufotokoza, chidwi mfundo

Roma mulungu wa chikondi ndi kukongola, Venus, komanso wake Greek "mlongo" Aphrodite kwa zaka zitayimbidwa ndi alakatuli Osema, amisiri. Nthano za ilipobe, komanso ntchito zambiri luso, chomwe zonse zili yabwino ya kukongola chosalimba. Ndipo mmodzi wa katswiri wotchuka kwambiri, opatulidwira kwa iye, ndithudi, ndi "Kubadwa kwa Venus" ndi Sandro Botticelli. Choncho, zimene timadziwa za chithunzi ichi?

Botticelli kuti "Venus"

Ine ndikudziwa ichi si onse, koma mlembi kupenta wotchuka kunali munthu wina dzina lake Alessandro Filipepi. Botticelli, iye anali kale mochedwa, analandira dzina lakuti, lotembenuzidwa kuchokera njira Chitaliyana "ndi keg", mchimwene akulu, ndi osiyana chilungamo onenepa. Tsogolo zojambulajambula kwambiri anabadwira ku Florence mu 1445 mu wofufuta banja ndipo poyamba ankafuna kukhala jeweler. Komabe, patapita zaka ziwiri kuphunzira pa osula golidi iye anasankha kupita ophunzira chithunzicho Phillippe Lippi. Yomwe anakhala zaka zisanu pamaso iye anachoka, ndipo achinyamata Sandro anapita Verrocchio.

Koma Patapita zaka zingapo, mu 1470, anayamba ntchito paokha. Anatsegula situdiyo ake, mnyamata mofulumira ndithu zinatchuka ndi kuzindikira. M'zaka khumi zikubwerazi anagula ambiri makasitomala otchuka, Pakati pali adali Medici banja. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye wokonda maganizo a Neo-Platonism, ndi chikoka kwambiri pa ntchito yake. Popeza malemu 1470 kutchuka anapita kupitirira Botticelli Florence, ndipo iye anapita ku Roma ntchito pa frescoes wa Sistine Chapel, amene anali chabe otchuka mu zikomo dziko linanso namatetule - Michelangelo. Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa ntchito pamoyo wake zinali zaka zitatu zokha.

History kupenta

"Kubadwa kwa Venus" ndi Sandro Botticelli ndi mpake ankaona mwaluso za kupenta dziko. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chithunzi ichi amanyamula kwambiri cha zinsinsi. Choyamba, si yemwe kasitomala wake. Zochokera chakuti pachithunzipa anali kusungidwa pa Villa Castello pafupi Florence, ndi mu malo Lorentso Di Pierfrancesco de A 'Medici, ofufuza ambiri amanena kuti iye analipira ntchito. Malinga ndi mabaibulo ena, makasitomala poyamba anali munthu wosiyana kotheratu. Koma chithunzi ichi, ngati "Spring", tikambirana patsogolo pang'ono, ndiye anagwa ku Medici. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, sanapeze umboni akuthandiza munthu amene poyamba analamula kupenta "Venus" ndi Botticelli.

mafotokozedwe

Painting ndi ukonde pafupifupi 2 3 meters, chopangidwa tempera utoto pa nsalu ya. Iwo akunena wamng'ono maliseche mkazi pa gombe ubwenzi mu lakuya ndipo ukuyimira Venus. Kumanzere kwa milungu yake mphepo mwachionekere anathandiza kusambira ake, ndi bwino - chimodzi cha zisomo, akuthamangira kwa iye ndi chofunda wofiira kubisala. Mozungulira Venus maluwa (maluwa, anemones), pansi pa ndodo. Kwenikweni, si kubadwa, koma kubwera kwa mulungu wa dziko lapansi.

ophiphiritsa

"Kubadwa kwa Venus" - chithunzi cha Botticelli, amene amaitchulatchula chitsanzo, kunena za mmene ojambula zithunzi mwaluso nsalu nsalu chobisika tanthauzo lake. Makamaka limasonyeza mphamvu ya woyambitsa Neo-Platonism - chiphunzitso, kaphatikizidwe maganizo ena a onse Chikhristu ndi chikunja. Kudziwa zotsatirazi otchulidwa kwambiri osiyana:

• Chipolopolo, mmene muli Venus, ndi mawonekedwe amene amaimira m'mimba wamkazi.
• Mphepo pa kumanzere kwa cithunzithunzi (ena atenge nawo angelo), mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi za amuna ndi akazi posonyeza umodzi wa chikondi achithupithupi ndipo wauzimu.
• Ora Tallo (mu Baibulo lina - chimodzi cha zisomo) "udindo" mu April, ndicho kubadwa kwa mulungu wamkazi zikuchitika pa nthawi ino ya chaka.
• Maluwa - anazindikira posonyeza chikondi.
• Cornflowers pa chobvala zisomo - umunthu wa kubeleka.
• Ivy ndi mchisu mozungulira khosi lake chikuyimira chikondi ndi kubereka, motero.
• Anemones pa mapazi a Grace - maluwa wamkazi Venus, malinga ndi nthano, anatuluka misonzi kuti iye anakhetsa chisoni atamwalira wokonda ake Adonis.
• A nzimbe - chizindikiro cha kudzichepetsa.
• Orange mtengo mu ngodya chapamwamba bwino - chizindikiro cha moyo wosatha.
• Pomaliza, lachifumu wofiira mkanjo - ndi mphamvu ya Mulungu kuti amapereka kukongola.

Monga mmene taonera, ikuimira wa kupenta "Kubadwa kwa Venus" ndi Sandro Botticelli lili zokwanira. Ndipo kodi inu munena za munthu amene anakhala zinachitika cha khalidwe zojambula waukulu?

lachitsanzo

Munthuyo ayenera kuti udindo wa mulungu wa chikondi mu nkhani iyi ndi Simonetta Vespucci, mu 1470 pa msinkhu wa zaka 16 amene anabwera ndi mwamuna wake Florence ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala kukongola kwake koyamba. Sandro mwina anadziwa pamaso - ndi wokongola pafupi kulankhulana ndi banja lake kuyambira makolo awo amakhala chipika lotsatira. mudziwe lodalirika za mmene apamtima chithunzicho ndi chitsanzo, ayi, koma akatswiri pa ntchito za Botticelli ndikukhulupirira kuti kuyambira pamene anakumana onse a Madonna ndi Venus zinalembedwa ndi izo.

Komabe, Simonetta anakwatiwa, ndipo pambali, mafani ake anali nzika ambiri, kuphatikizapo otchuka kwambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo - Dzhuliano Medichi, Lorenzo ndi mng'ono - ngakhale ankaona wokonda ake, ngakhale umboni kuti maganizo ake sanali Myuda, ayi. N'zotheka kuti iye angochoka mayi wa mtima wake, monga momwe anamvera.

Simonetta akhoza kuuzira ojambula zithunzi kukongola nthawi yake yambiri, koma ali ndi zaka 23, mu 1976, iye anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Imfa yawo inali ndi chisoni pafupifupi Florence lonse.

"Venus" ndi Botticelli anaonekera zaka 9 atamwalira ake, ndi kunena wamkazi pa iye mwatsopano ndi wokongola. Wojambula mpaka mapeto a moyo wake payekha, sanakwatire. Zikuoneka kuti yekha wokondedwa ndipo anakhalabe Simonetta wake, wapeza moyo wosafa chinsalu wotchuka.

kumene

Panopa mwaluso ndi ili mu malo iwo unalengedwa - mu Florence a Uffizi Gallery. Kawirikawiri padziko chithunzi nthawi zonse podzaza anthu, koma nthawi zina mukhoza kutenga mphindi kuona bwinobwino onse pafupi ndi kutali.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• "Spring" ndi "Venus" ndi Botticelli ndi monga chithunzi chapakati chitsanzo chomwecho, koma zinalembedwa ndi imeneyi kwa zaka 7.
• Polenga nsalu wojambula ntchito nzeru kwa nthawi madyerero ake - Drobil lapis lazuli kwa utoto buluu ntchito pa lona, osati bolodi, kuwonjezera kujambula kuchuluka kochepa mafuta, ndi kuphimba chithunzi cha yolk dzira, kotero kuti wafika masiku athu pafupifupi liziyenda .
• The kufanana ndi angabweretse Venus limasonyeza bwino chikoka chakale chosema Greek, omwe malamulo anaikidwa Praxiteles ndi Poliklet.

chikoka chikhalidwe

The kupenta "Venus" ndi Botticelli - kupenta woyamba chosonyeza maliseche kwathunthu wamkazi chithunzi, chiwembu chimene sunaperekedwe kwa tchimo lobadwa nalo. Ndipo anam'chititsa anali mwaluso chachikulu ndi kusangalala kukongola kuti sikutanthauza china chilichonse. Poyerekeza ndi ntchito zina mwa chithunzicho, ndi mitu makamaka achipembedzo, nkhani zikuoneka zachilendo. Komabe, n'zotheka, popanda ichi "Venus" tataya ambiri a katswiri dziko, chimene lero sangathe kulingalira mbiri ya luso.

Ndipo lero, "Venus" ndi Botticelli akupitiriza kuuzira ojambula zithunzi, ojambula ndi zitsanzo. Analenga imitations ambiri, koma chapachiyambi, ophatikizidwa yabwino ya kukongola mkazi akhoza kukhala mmodzi yekha.