Rotko Mark. Zojambula mu kalembedwe expressionism umboni

Mkota luso, si cholinga kupenta sangakhale ozizira wodzisunga kusanthula. Zilandiridwenso wa wojambula monga Rothko, Mark, amene zojambula mulibe kafungo zinthu ku dziko lenileni - umboni uli mawonekedwe ake kopambana. Nzeru ndi kufufuza kwa analogies mwachizolowezi akhoza kusokoneza maganizo a wowerenga mu njira Rothko akuti, pofunafuna amene chithunzicho wadutsa yaitali ndi zovuta msewu.

Kupeza njira yanu

Markus Yakovlevich Rotkovich anabadwa mu 1903 mu mzinda wa m'chigawo Dvinsk Vitebsk (tsopano Daugavpils Chilativiya). Patatha zaka 10, banja lake anasamuka ku America, ndipo iye anali kupita kupyola mmayesero zambiri. Iye sanali yomweyo kupeza njira moyo wawo, atagwera mwangozi ndi sing'anga luso. Mu 30-40-ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, izo zinali US inasandulika chilikati cha avant-garde luso - apa anakakamizika kunja kwa ojambula zithunzi umboni wa limati opondereza a ku Ulaya.

Mu 1938 wojambula analandira dzina Rotko Mark. Zojambulazo nthawi imeneyi, adalenga mukopedwe cubofuturists Mark Weber (1881-1961) ndi surrealist Arshile Gorky (1904-1948). Kupeza njira yanu pa Rothko anatenga nthawi yaitali. Anamuchita nyengo mtima komanso wophiphiritsa kupenta: zithunzi ndi cityscapes ( "Mkazi kusoka", 1935, "Mu yapansi panthaka," 1938). amajambulapo maluwa okongola Surreal mu ntchito yake itakula pokoka malingaliro atsopano nthanthi: chidwi mu chikomokere, ku dziko lamkati la munthu, kwa automatism cha mawu a mtima ndi yamunthu.

Choyamba, nyengo Wamkulu Depression, ndiye premonition latsopano nkhondo dziko analenga mlengalenga chikhalidwe imene anataya zikhomo za makolo. wojambula ukuyembekezera thandizo nkhani m'nthano ( "Antigone", 1941 "masanjidwe mbalame", 1945), ndiyeno nkubwera kuti chithunzi kwathunthu sanali cholinga.

Popeza 50s oyambirira ndi potsiriza anapanga ngati luso chodabwitsa monga Rothko. Mark, amene zithunzi awiri kapena atatu kufanana yopapatiza rectangle, anapeza njira yake. Chithunzi minda mtundu - ngati tanthauzo anapeza podzudzula njira kwa Rothko.

A mtundu yosavuta zinthu zovuta

Chithunzicho yekha sanali kufotokoza chithunzi chake ndi sadzalekerera pamene ena anachita. Iye sanaganize kuti awulule dongosolo Choncho, m'zipinda za nyumbayi, woimiridwa ndi Mark Rothko - zojambula ndi maudindo mu mawonekedwe a nambala siriyo ndi tsiku la kulenga.

Iye sakanakhoza kuvomereza kutchedwa abstractionist, chifukwa iye ankaganiza zojambula zake zinasonyeza moyo weniweniwo, zamoyo, kufunafuna kukhudzana ndi omvera.

Moyipa, iye anali ndi maganizo ndekha monga wojambula - "colourist", ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri tinkapitira limodzi ndi mtundu, ngakhale mwa dzanja akusisita inki, kukwaniritsa kufunika mtundu chiwembu ndi kapangidwe. Chofunika akukhulupirira chiŵerengero misa ndi buku la midadada amene amapanga kapangidwe kake.

Painting monga zisudzo

Mu unyamata wake, Rothko ankafuna kwambiri kuchita luso kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi anapita ku kalasi akuchita. Nyimbo ake nthawi zambiri amatchedwa masewero, ndipo n'zosavuta kwa Gawo zokongola. Izi zikhoza kufotokoza mbali ina ya chikoka cha zojambula Rothko pa omvetsera.

Ambiri aona nkhani ulemu waukulu danga la kupenta. The kukhudzana ndi ntchito chithunzicho anasankha mdima kuunika yokumba, pafupifupi madzulo. Mtunda A limene Ndi bwino kuonera zithunzi Rothko anatsimikiza pa mainchesi 18 (45 cm). Popeza kugwedera malire zithunzi midadada akuda, ndi heterogeneity wa ❖ kuyanika utoto (zambiri Mipikisano magawo), singalifotokoze pakutchulidwa wa filimu kwambiri danga, tingadzifunse maganizo zioneke bwino.

Rothko Chapel

Kodi chofunika chinali kwa wojambula penti gulu la malo ndi njira nzeru ya zojambula wake, mungathe kuwona kuchokera ku mbiriyakale ya ntchito yake pa ndondomeko ya yopemphereramo wa Mpingo pa Institute ku Houston chipembedzo. Ikulu mural utoto kwa m'tchalitchi ili malo ndi cholinga chifukwa amaganizira zofuna za Rothko. Mark, amene zojambula mu nkhani iyi, pafupifupi monochrome nawo mu kapangidwe ndi kuyatsa chipinda.

Mpingo, gawo umene unali tchalitchi, sikuli chipembedzo chinachake, ndi odzipereka kwa Mulungu. Kusinkhasinkha detachment mumlengalenga chidziko chimadzaza holo octagonal ndi gwero kuwala ili mu mzikiti ndi. Mu holo iyi, ndipo anaikidwa Mark Rothko kupenta. Photo zikusonyeza zimene mumaona ali kukhudzana amenewa.

Wopita kuzindikiridwa

moyo mikhalidwe yaumwini wa mmisiri zinali zovuta. Long zaka a umphawi, kusowa chikhulupiriro mwa anthu pafupi ndi luntha lake zinakhudza kwambiri iye, kotero ntchito Mark Rothko si tisafooke. Ngakhale zikuchokera midadada kuwala ndi ofunda mitundu zimabweretsa lokoma kwambiri. Mawu a tsoka pa moyo wa anthu ndi aliyense wotchedwa mfundo yaikulu ya chithunzicho.

Imfa chithunzi chotsiriza

Cha m'ma 60 anafika kutchuka, ndalama, koma ataunjikidwa matenda, mavuto a m'banja. February 25, 1970 chithunzicho anadzipha ndi kutema mitsempha. Mark Rothko - zithunzi, zithunzi ndi nadzaza manyuzipepala onse ndi magazini - anasaina chidutswa otsiriza a wake ...

Akuti iye sakanakhoza kulingalira momwe zojambula wake tidagulidwa basi yokongola mkati. Patatha zaka ziwiri pa kuti malo okwera mtengo kwambiri ku New York, Rothko anabweza pasadakhale ndiponso anakana ntchito pamene anayambitsa kutafuna wolemera, kuyang'anitsitsa gulu lake.

Dziko deta yabwino luso masiku ano si kulingalira popanda zithunzi, omwe analemba Mark Rothko. "Orange, Red, Yellow", "White Center" - zithunzi izi analipira pa yobetcherana osaneneka mamilioni a madola. Chiwerengerochi ali makamaka chidwi anthu amene kuona mawanga yekha zoumbika mosiyanasiyana shaded, musavutike kutenga sitepe kwa malingaliro atsopano ndiponso mtima. Ndipo ufulu, mochuluka bwanji amawasautsa munthu ndi wojambula?