Imagism ndi Imaginists - buku ndi luso kuyenda. andakatulo Imaginists

Chimodzi mwa magulu mabuku ndi luso la zaka loyamba pamene October kuukira boma la 1917, ubwenzi wotuluka Futurism ndipo zinadziwika imagism - ". Fano" ku French mawu image, kutanthauza The Imaginists otchuka - ndi Sergei Yesenin, Anatoly Mariengof Vadim Shershenevich Rurik Ivnev.

magwero

Mawu akuti chabwerekedwa imazhistov - anali avant-garde English ndakatulo School. owerenga Russian koyamba mawu m'nkhani Z. Vengerov lofalitsidwa mu 1915. wolemba limatiuza za Ezra mapaundi ndi Wyndham Lewis - London-imazhistah andakatulo amene ayesa kuganizira zithunzizo, chimene chinali chinthu primal andakatulo yokha. Imaginists Russian osati analemba chilichonse chokhala ngati ndakatulo imazhistov, akulowetsani mmalo awo adzakhala chiyambi, panali chabe anabwereka yaitali.

Zinali otsiriza ndakatulo sukulu ya anthu amene kwambiri kapena zochepa phokoso la zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri. Ngakhale kuti bungwe andakatulo Imaginists zaka ziwiri pambuyo utasintha, palibe chosintha, iwo abweretsedwa mu ndakatulo. Ngakhale kuti ankakhulupirira kuti anali njira zawo. Imaginists Russian - kagulu ka alakatuli unachoka Futurism, ndi ena anapitirizabe kulemba mbali imodzi. andakatulo onse anali osiyanasiyana kwathunthu kuti mfundo analengeza za versification palibe mmodzi wa iwo munakhala. Woyamba ndakatulo madzulo Imagist unachitikira January 29, 1919 mu malo a Soviet Russian woyimba.

Declaration ndi zikuchokera

Tsiku lotsatira, January 30, Imaginists lofalitsidwa kulengeza wawo woyamba ndi mfundo za kulenga, yolembedwa ndi Yesenin, Ivnev, Mariengof ndi Shershenevich, komanso amisiri ndi Erdmann Yakulov. Ofufuza ndi otsutsa mabuku adakali undecided ngati kuika imagism kufunika mu mzere ndi acmeism, ikuimira ndi futurism. Ndithudi, izi ndi chidwi chodabwitsa m'munda wa chilengedwe zolembalemba, koma tiyenera kuziganizira m'malo monga mmodzi wa magawo a postsimvolizma chitukuko monga katundu mwapadera yatsopano ku chiphunzitso cha mabuku ichi sanathe kupereka. lingaliro ndi kuti Imaginists - izo akutsanza Futurists, popeza palibe njira yatsopano ya chitukuko cha ndakatulo iwo sanali lotseguka.

Dziko pa zi- ndipo pambuyo chosintha nthawi, akukumana ndi Boom kulenga, kuphatikizapo ongolankhula. Anali kufunafuna njira zomveka ndi sayansi, plyusuya luso ndi luso kupanga dongosolo latsopano ndakatulo. Imagism - ndi imodzi mwa zoyesayesa zimenezi, ndipo ndithu yotheka, komanso aliyense panopa amene amatha kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chinenero ndakatulo. Theorists imagism ananena zithunzi zikuluzikulu mfundo ya ndakatulo. Osanena-chizindikiro, amene ali ndi chiwerengero wopandamalire amatsogoza ngati Symbolists osati mawu phokoso ngati Cubo-Futurists, osati mawu, dzina longa Acmeism analalikira, ndipo mawu-mafanizo, ndi kokha mtengo ena. Imagism mabuku - njira iyi ndi njira yokha, chida chokhacho kupanga katswiri weniweni wa luso.

Kodi Imaginists zithunzi ndinawona

Andakatulo Imaginists otchedwa chithunzi mothballs, kutsanulira mankhwala, kupulumutsa kuyambira nthawi Iwo adzindikira njenjete. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti ngati ndakatulo amalipiritsa mzere utumiki aphimbidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa fano, ndipo ngati zida kutetezedwa chithunzi chonse cha ndakatuloyi. Pakuti ed kanthu ndime fano - linga zida zankhondo.

Ponena zili ntchito ya luso la 20 Imaginists m'ma pang'ono cholakwika, ndiye kudzudzulidwa Mariengof anati mu Declaration zosiyana kwathunthu mawu. Ndipo poyamba, ananeneratu kuti okhutira - chopanda kupusa. chitukuko Language aona kokha kupyolera fanizo. Kumene, madyerero panalibe latsopano: masomphenya - mwayi wapadera wa ophiphiritsa, ndi ntchito mfundo zimenezi ndi futurists. Kugonjera maonekedwe ochititsa fano - zinali latsopano, koma opusa.

kugonjetsa Futurism

Development wa Russian ndakatulo wa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za m'ma makumi awiri akhoza monga kulimbana osatekeseka ndi ndewu wosatha aliyense anafotokoza kayendedwe mabuku ena. Monga futurists ndi acmeists kufuula wobadwa mwa ophiphiritsa ndi imagism mu mabuku - ndi kugonjetsa futurism.

Ngakhale zachilendo komanso kupha Sitefano wotsatira wa abale: Futurism cholakalaka Futuro imfa, kulemba ndi mbiri yamoyo amene anafa zaka khumi vociferous anzathu (1909-1919) - Futurism anapachikidwa ... "Good" imagism, m'bale uja anamva chisoni.

Vadim Shershenevich

Ndimaganiza mtsogoleri ndi kulinganiza yaikulu ya Imaginists Silver Age amavomereza Vadim Shershenevich. Iye anali theorist cha zimene zikuchitika yatsopano, ndi kulimbikitsa ake. Kodi anayamba (ndipo akupitiriza) monga futurist ndi, sizinamulepheretse kukhala wotsutsa aukali ndi ndakatulo overthrower omwe kunayambira.

zifukwa zinali mwina si kwambiri andale yekha Shershenevich anafotokoza momveka bwino kuti kutenga Futurism, ndi Futurists sanamvere. Komabe, wotsatira ndakatulo ndi ongolankhula zatsopano wake kutsimikizira ubale magazi ndi malingaliro ndi ntchito za Marinetti Klebnikov Mayakovsky. Izi zikachitika, n'zovuta kukhulupirira kunena kuti Imaginists - ndi ndakatulo osiyana kwambiri.

Anatoly Marienhof

Komanso membala wokangalika wa Imagist gulu Mariengof chiphunzitso anali ndiwofatsa, ngakhale yosiyana nihilism zokongoletsa, nthawi zambiri chinaposa zatsopano onse avant-garde futuristic Shershenevich. Mariengof - ndithu ndi maganizo chithunzi. Ofufuzawa ndiye anatsimikiza imagism otsatira ake Esenina, Popeza kuti ali pafupi mgwirizano kutsutsa Yesenin, kaphatikizidwe ndi Shershenevich.

Kukhala yemweyo theorist imagism monga Shershenevich Mariengof fano ngati sapereka chotero chidwi chachikulu Komanso iye lolunjika pa zili. Amatanthauza Art maonekedwe ochititsa - zili fomu iyi, ndipo lonse kwambiri mu nkhani chimodzi chokha pamene chabwino chilichonse mbali imeneyi.

Rurik Ivnev

Chinthu chimodzi anali kuphatikiza chosiyana ndi si ofanana ndi ndakatulo wina ndi mnzake. Chinali chiyani icho - ofufuza ndipo sangathe ndithu kufotokoza. chakuti udindo zokongoletsa ndi zochitika zonse za kulenga za Imagist munthu sanali wofunika kwambiri kwa anzake monga chikondi wochezeka, mogwirizana mwangwiro chikhalidwe ndi kulankhulana sanali zolembalemba.

Ndipo Rurik Ivnev Russian Imaginists ankaona mwamtheradi wake, ngakhale Bryusov ananena kuti Ivnev osati Imagist, iye zambiri Midway pakati acmeism kuti Futurism. Koma zonse izi sizitanthauza kuti Rurik Ivnev mavesi zoipa. M'malo mwake - n'kwabwino, ndipo kwambiri.

SERGEY Esenin - Imagist

A mphamvu kwambiri pa imagism chiphunzitso ndi maphunziro ongolankhula ndi onse ndakatulo zilandiridwenso Esenina, amene ndiwo maziko a kucheza ndi ndakatulo. Ngakhale asanalengedwe gulu, iye analemba ndemanga "Chinsinsi cha Mariya," mawunikidwe pa akamanena za zilandiridwenso ndi luso chabe. Organic ophiphiritsa - kotero iye anaitana zamlengalenga - zikhazikitsidwe folklore ndi dziko zinthu, ankaona Yesenin. Popular nthano ndi zimachitikanso ndi kulemekeza chikhalidwe ndi munthu nthawizonse zakhala maziko a mtima ndakatulo a ndakatulo iyi.

Izi si atazikocheza ndi mfundo imagism, koma chiwerengero cha anthu Yesenin akadali anagwirizana ndi chovuta kwa Declaration kuti, ndi worldview postulates Mariengof ndi Shershenevich. Kumbukirani kuti choyamba amakopeka mwauzimu Futurism, ndi wachiwiri anafika ku mabwalo ndi futuristic. Iwo anakwiyitsa Yesenin "dziko", koma iwo mwanzeru ntchito yaikulu dzina woona Russian woimba ndipo ananyamula mbendera yake pamaso kupeza mphamvu kuyenda. Ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti kwa nthawi yaitali kuti achite izo, iwo sakanakhoza. Yesenin - dzina Imagist kokha - nachokapo ku gulu, ukuitanira ntchito zawo affectation ndi ornichestvo - kusowa kwa tanthauzo la kwawo.

ntchito

Imagist ndakatulo lofalitsidwa kwambiri ndi pafupifupi mosalekeza. Izi anali ntchito chifukwa chakuti iwo anali ofalitsa ambiri, wotchuka podyera "Pegasus khola" ndipo magazini yake. Masuku pamutu zoipa monga tsogolo lowala, monga kamodzi Futurists, iwo sanali bwino lino. Kutsutsana unachitikira kumene Imaginists anayesera kulira, koma izi zonse mwadala ndi sekondale. Sindinali talente zokwanira. Ngakhale pakhala zochita ngati si moseketsa, chigawenga: mpanda wa agulupa ya masautso ndi raspishut mawu amwano, ndi Tverskaya msewu anadzatchedwa Yesenin, m'malo zizindikiro, boma la Dipatimenti ...

Koma yosindikiza anali basi. ofalitsa ambiri zonse, Mabukunso awiri, komanso filimu zisudzo m'manja mwa Imagist pamwamba. Iwo mabuku ambiri m'nthawi adazizwa kumene Imaginists kutenga pepala zambiri. Ngakhale kusamvana zinachitika. Shershenevich mu 1920 anatulutsa buku la ndakatulo "kavalo A monga kavalo." Name ndi mwachidule: magazini lonse anapita Commissariat of nyumba yosungiramo katundu kugawira bukhu za akavalo mwa wamba lapansi. Ndipotu zinali zoonekeratu kuti ngakhale Lenin lipoti.

Kusagwirizana ndi azingokhala

kampani ndi zosiyana mu mtundu ndi khalidwe Chalk andakatulo amatipeza zimachitika kusiyana kulenga. Choyamba, gulu lagawidwa mapiko awiri - anatsala Mariengof, Shershenevich ndi Erdman, ndi bwino - Yesenin Kusikov, Ivnev, Roizman, Georgia. Pankhani zili ndi maonekedwe a ndakatulo, komanso ntchito yake - ndi ntchito fano kuphatikizapo - anali umasemphana kotheratu. Ndipo Yesenin lotseguka kalata mu nyuzipepala analengeza Imagist gulu sadzakhalakonso mu 1924.

Imaginists ena pa stepi ino sanayembekezere, tinayesetsa kutsutsa mawu a ndakatulo-wamasomphenya, koma izo zinachitika pamene iye analosera. Magazini chinatsekedwa kusindikizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa Glavlit wakhala pafupi zosatheka, "Pegasus onenepa" nayenso analephera kutsitsimutsa. Popanda Esenina imagism kwenikweni unatha. "Mole-nthawi" akadali pochikal pafupifupi chilichonse anatulukira Imaginists, pamodzi ndi "mafano naphthalene." Ngakhale ofunda ndakatulo sukulu simungathe kupulumuka - mizu pansipa apo. "Mtundu" Yesenin ankadziwa izo.