Igor Old. Board Igorya Ryurikovicha. Zoweta ndi achilendo ndondomeko ya Prince Igor Old

Munthu wophunzira mu dziko lathu mukudziwa amene Igor Old. Chotero anaitana kalonga wa Russia wakale, mwana wa Rurik ndi Oleg wachibale Wamkulu, wotchedwanso Aulosi.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane za moyo ndi ntchito ya mkulu wa Old boma Russian.

Mwachidule mbiri zokhudza kubadwa ndi ubwana

Malinga ndi mbiri, Igor Old moyo wake ndi wautali kwa nthawi zimenezo. Iye anabadwa padziko 878 namwalira (komanso ziri) mu 945-m.

Zaka Igor ulamuliro yokutidwa zapakati pa TH 912 kuti TH 945.

The ngwazi za nkhani athu anali mwana wa woyamba Russian kalonga Rurik, amene, malinga ndi nthano, anabwera Russia ndi abale ake n'kuyamba kulamulira Novgorod, ndipo kenako akulamulira yekha boma ndiye Russian. Atamwalira Ryurika Igor anali wamng'ono kwa zaka zambiri, choncho ntchito kalonga anachita msuwani wake Oleg (malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, iye anali mphwake wa Rurik, ndi pa zina - mbale wa mkazi wake).

Ambiri mwina, achinyamata Igor Oleg anali limodzi yokopa anthu ake ankhondo, kumene anaphunzira luso warlord ndi ndale. Ife tikudziwa kuti iye anatenga mpando wachifumu wa bambo ake sali pa kufika ambiri wake ndi kukwatira, ndipo atafa Veschego Olega (malinga ndi nthano, anamwalira cholumidwa).

Mwachidule mbiri zokhudza banja Prince

Malinga ndi Baibulo boma, chaka chimene anamwalira Oleg Aulosi dzina, ndiye chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Igor Old. Izi, monga tanenera kale, 912 chaka. Pa nthawi imene kalonga kale anali ndi banja.

Malinga ndi mbiri, pamene Igor anali ndi zaka 25, anakwatira mtsikana wina dzina lake Olga (iye anali 13). Koma mwana Svyatoslav awo anabadwa yekha mu 942 (likukhalira kuti pa nthawi imeneyo Olga anali kukhala zaka 52, zomwe ndi zosatheka). Zimenezi zinatchulidwa ndi azambiriyakale ambiri, kotero akukhulupirira kuti zaka Olga - tsogolo la Grand Duchess ndi woyambitsa wa Chikhristu ku Russia - anali ang'onoang'ono. Komanso pali maganizo oti Olga ndi Igor ana zinali, makamaka, olemba mbiri ena amatchula ana awiri - Vladislav ndi Gleb, amene mwina anamwalira mu zaka za unyamata.

Komanso magwero Byzantine amasonyeza kalonga ndi achibale enanso (asuweni, nephews, ndi zina zotero.). Komabe, mu mbiri Russian mukamva za anthu awa mulibe. Ambiri mwina, iwo analibe malo alionse ndi mphamvu, ndi m'gulu kumuwombera pa, Prince Igor. olemba mbiri amakono kukhulupirira Baibulo ili la kwambiri za zanzeru, chifukwa, nthawi zambiri, mu Russia wakale panali mwambo, mmene mayiko a ku Ulaya, malinga ndi zimene zikalata zofunikira otchulidwa yekha wolamulira weniweniyo, mkazi wake (mkazi), ndi ana a ena monga achibale (ndipo choncho, ndi wonamizira ufumu), osanena zinanenedwa.

nkhondo ndi Constantinople

Igor Old adadziwa monga mkulu wodziwa nkhondo. Amadziwika kuti anapanga osati wina asilikali ntchito yochotsa Byzantium. anthu Orthodox okhala Byzantine Ufumu, ndiye akuvutika kwambiri zankhanza wa akunjawo, amene iwo anamutcha mame.

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale zotsatirazi nkhondo Igor Old:

1. Malinga ndi nthano, Igor mu 941 m'chombo ku Byzantium, limodzi ndi zikwi ngalawa, amatchedwa "Makwangwala Olimbana". Komabe, Agiriki ntchito zida zapamwamba kwambiri pa nthawi - otchedwa "Greek moto" (a osakaniza ndi mafuta ndi zina flammable), amene watentha kwambiri Zombo Zankhondo lapansi. Anagonja Old Igor n'kubwerera kwawo ku Russia kuti abereke asilikali watsopano ntchito yatsopano asilikali. Ndipo anapambana.

2. Pa msonkhano wake oimira nkhondo ndi mafuko onse a boma ndiye wakale Russian, ndi Asilavo ndi Lazaro, Pechenegs drevlyans ndi ena. Mtopola umenewu anasankha moyo wabwino kwambiri kwa kalonga, chifukwa, iye anapangana ndi Byzantines Mtendere kupereka malipiro a ena chuma chogwirika. Mu mgwirizano umenewu, lemba la Agiriki imatchula, amatchedwa Igor iye ndi mkazi wake Olga ndi mwana wawo Svyatoslav wamba.

M'banja Politika Igorya Old

Prince anatchuka kwambiri kupyola mu mibadwo monga munthu wokhwimitsa zinthu. Wopambana mgonjetsi, iye akulowa boma lake latsopano lapansi kenako obkladyvayut mafuko msonkho anagonjetsedwa. Board Igor kuyesera kumbukirani kukagonjetsa Ulichi ndi Tivertsy, Drevlyane ndi mayiko ena ambiri.

Kulimbikira kwambiri kalonga anali drevlyans (kugonjetsa iwo kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wa Igor, m'chaka cha 912). Iwo anakana kupereka msonkho, koma Igor ndi retinue wake imawonongeka Drevlyane Pamudzi ndi chilango analamula m'deralo kulipira kuposa kale. Drevlyans anavomera monyinyirika, koma chakukhosi mwamphamvu kalonga anasunga mu mitima yawo.

M'banja Politika Igorya Old wosiyana ndi watsopano njira za kusonkhanitsa msonkho, amene adayitana polyudye. Ndondomeko anali motere: Prince chaka, pamodzi ndi anamuperekeza wake anabwera gawo subordinated kwa iye ndi kusonkhanitsa "msonkho" kwa mafuko kumeneko. msonkho A anatenga chilengedwe: yambewu, ufa ndi zakudya zina ndi zikopa za nyama zakuthengo, uchi njuchi ndi zinyama zina. Prince zambiri asilikali zinthu monga agonjetsi kufika kuposa ntchito kwambiri za kuvulala kwa anthu wamba.

mfundo yachilendo kupambana Igor

Kodi m'nthawi wina anakumbukira Igor Old? Zoweta ndi achilendo ndondomeko ya Prince anali khalidwe ndi mwamakani, zomwe sizodabwitsa, makamaka ngati mukukumbukira chimene icho chinali, ndi Igor yekha (mbiri yakale amati Prince ankasiyana phompho komanso wachiwawa mtima).

kupambana mawu asilikali simungakhoze adzatchedwa wodzichepetsa. Kuchita zinthu monga wakunja wonyoza, ndi moto, ndi lupanga kudula mwa "zenera" mu Europe pa nthawi - Ufumu wa Byzantium.

Kupatula iwo kale ndi ife pamwamba pa makampeni awiri ankhondo ndi Byzantium, Igor anapanga ulendo pa Nyanja ya Caspian. About akundiuza magwero Arab, koma m'mbiri Russian si nkomwe. Pa zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi, pang'ono amadziwika, koma Khazar akukhulupirira kuti anali ndi zotsatira: asilikali Igor anali olemera zofunkha ndipo anabwerera kwawo ndi abe lapansi.

Komanso, akatswiri a mbiri yakale, kudalira magwero Chihangare ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi Hungarians ndi mgwirizano Igor Old. Kunja kalonga mfundo kwa mafuko awa ankavala anagwirizana khalidwe N'kutheka kuti ena kugwirizana Rousseau ndi Hungarians, kuzipatsa bungwe yokopa olowa asilikali ndi Byzantium.

zinsinsi za umunthu

Board Igor akale ngakhale inatenga zaka zambiri, koma asanamvetsetse chifukwa kupanda zokhudza pamalo atangochimwa kalonga komanso zochita zake.

The paucity zokhudza chithunzi yakale imeneyi, komanso kusiyana (mwachitsanzo, ngati kuti masiku a moyo wake, zaka za boma, banja ndi imfa), zimene zimapezeka mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kutsogolera chakuti mbiri ya munthu uyu zambiri mawangamawanga oyera.

Choncho, pali mfundo zosiyana ndi amene anali mayi wa Igor. Mwachitsanzo, V. Tatishchev - mbiri ya Petrine nyengo - zikusonyeza kuti anali Norman kalonga Efanda. The Tatischev yomweyo ndinaganiza kuti kwenikweni ngwazi za nkhani athu, dzina lake Inger, ndipo kenako yekha dzina lake anali lidzasinthidwa Igor. Dzina kalonga akale sanali boma koma patapita nthawi yaitali, chifukwa cha mbiri Russian anaitcha "lakale" kapena "chipangano". Ndipo onse chifukwa Igor anali mmodzi wa Rurik choyamba.

Ganizo zoyambirira za gulu Igor

mwamphamvu kwambiri mizu mbiri ya Russian Prince Igor Old. Zotsatira za Board cha wolamulira Russian kugwirizana ndi kulimbitsa achinyamata wa Old boma Russian. Ndipotu, Igor anapitiriza malamulo a bambo ndi achibale a Oleg ake: Iye anawonjezera boma anapanga nkhondo amene anabweretsa kwambiri chuma, anapanga Byzantines Mtendere, wakhala anayambitsa dongosolo kwa misonkho ya anthu ake.

Igor akhoza kusiya wamphamvu m'malo Svyatoslav, amene anapitiriza ntchito yake. Mutu ambiri Prince Igor Old osati anagwirizana ufumuwo, komanso kuchuluka boma lawo.

Prince imfa

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa otchuka kwambiri moyo wa Igor anayamba imfa yake yoopsya zachiwawa.

Russian Nkhani limalongosola kuti: Prince Igor Old, kupindulira Drevlyane pachaka anali kwa iwo kusonkhanitsa msonkho. Choncho analembedwa chaka 945. kumuwombera ake a Drevlianys ndi kunyoza, mended zambiri stiffness kuposa chifukwa kusakhutira awo zoonekeratu. Komanso, Drevlyane anali wolamulira wake ndi dzina la Malaki, amene amaona kupambana kwa mdani wa, Igor.

Kusonkhanitsa ndi Drevlyane msonkho zokwanira, Prince anapita ndi asilikali ake ena Komabe, ndinadabwa pamene ndimabwerera pa zimene sanatenge monga mmene iye ankafunira. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi kulakwitsa koopsya anachita okha kuti Igor Old. Zochitika tsiku wotsatira anatsimikizira izo.

Prince anamasulidwa kumuwombera lake lalikulu ndipo anabwerera Drevlianys monga msonkho watsopano ndi gulu lankhondo laling'ono. Amene anaona kuti Igor ali ndi mphamvu pang'ono, ndalangidwa nawo, ndi anthu ake. Malinga ndi nthano, kalonga linamangidwa ndi nsonga za mitengo yaikulu ndipo adawamasula. Pano pali imfa aukali anatenga Igor amati anagonjetsa Drevlyane.

kubwezera Olga

Mbiri Russian amatiuza osati za imfa ya Prince Igor, komanso za chilango kudzikondweretsa ndi lowopsya, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito mkazi wake - ndi amasiye Duchess Olga Pskov, ndi otsala mwana chaka zitatu Igor Svyatoslav popanda chisamaliro cha mwamuna wake.

Choncho, Olga adampereka amithenga kuchokera Drevlyane chilango chankhanza (awotchedwe amoyo), ndipo kenako anapanga nkhondo ndi Iskorosten, mbaenda ndi mphepo yamkuntho, ankachitira nkhanza anthu a. Malinga ndi nthano, iye anafuna ku banja lililonse 3 njiwa ndi mpheta 3. Atalandira ngati mtundu wa "msonkho", Olga analamula kuti amange aliyense tinder birdie ndi sulfure, kuyatsa iwo usiku ndi izo kuti zipite. Yowerengera lokopa Mfumukazi zinali zoona: mbalame anabwerera ku zisa zawo pansi pa madenga a nyumba ... Kenako, Igor mwana Svyatoslav anabzala kulamulira Drevlyane mwana wake Oleg.

Igor gulu Meaning

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amavomereza kuti malamulo a Igor Old wonse unali wolimbikitsa, ndipo onyamula phindu la Russia. Iye maziko a boma, lomwe zinali zochokera adzadziwire kalonga, mphamvu alonda ake ankhondo ndi luso zamtendere. Nthawi zina mwankhanza ndi unceremoniously chogonjetsa mafuko oyandikana okha, Igor Komabe, kumanga dongosolo latsopano ubale, amene analola kusamukira ku gawo latsopano chitukuko - ochokera m'midzi mafuko dongosolo boma.