Han Dzhanibek - ndi "zofewa" wolamulira wa Golden gulu

Khans wa Golden gulu ankasiyana kalembedwe amphamvu a boma ndi nkhanza kuti ngakhale anthu apamtima. Koma ngakhale zinali odziwika bwino, ulamuliro Dzhanibek Khan ndi chimodzi cha mtendere kwambiri m'chigawo Mongolian, ndi Dzhanibek - wofatsa munthu. Tiyeni tiwone mfundo za mbiri wake ndi kuona ziyenera a chikhalidwe cha munthu ndi mkulu ku mawonedwe a makhalidwe amakono.

yonena

Khan wa Golden gulu Dzhanibek (Chitata dzina - Җanibәk) anali mwana wachitatu mwa ana ambiri amene anasiya Chiuzibeki. Ngati ambiri pamaso pake, msiyeni iye mfumuyo, Iye anatsanulira mwazi wa abale awo - kupha abale awiri achikulire - Tini Muzipemphera ndi Khizr. Monga mukuonera, sikuti zimaonetsa khalidwe lake tsogolo Khan ngati wabwino komanso omvera malamulo munthu. Mwina mtsogolo zidzakhala lililonse limatisokoneza m'chilengedwe?

khanate

Mu 1342 anakhala Khan wa Golden gulu. Cholinga Dzhanibek anaona kuphatikiza a statehood ndi kulimbitsa centralization. Koma njira imene anagwiritsa ntchito Chiuzibeki Khan, ankaona kuti kukhala operewera - kodi kukhala kosavuta kuposa kudzaza ndi magazi lakutali ulus? Watanthauzo pamenepa Sapita. Ndipo Khan Dzhanibek anasankha mfundo zosiyana.

Iye akupitiriza kwambiri kulimbana ndi adani ndi abwenzi sadakhulupirire. Koma machenjerero a Board Dzhanibek atasinthiratu. Golden gulu Khan anaganiza kukopa chipembedzo. Naye m'madera onse a gulu anayamba kupita kumwamba, mizikiti ndi madrassas. Iye anapitirizabe kulalikira Islam ndi kubweretsa strontium ake okhulupirira Islam ndi suras wopatulika. Chotero Islamization mwamwayi sanali bwanji ulus kumpoto ndipo analibe mphamvu iliyonse ya asamakhale ndi chipembedzo cha anthu a Moscow ukulu.

nkhani zolembedwa

Mbiri amalitchula Golden gulu Khan "Dzhanibek mfumu yabwino." Likutsindika zosiyana kwambiri wa bambo ake, omwe ankatchedwa m'mbiri ya "yoopsa Khan Chiuzibeki." Ndithudi, mawu akuti "zoopsa" Kale anatanthauza aukali, zoopsa, yankhanza. Poyerekeza ndi bambo ake Khan Dzhanibek zinali zabwino.

Metropolitan wodziwa Khan

Ngakhale kufala kwa Islam, mfumu sanaletse kulimbitsa Orthodoxy m'mayiko Russian. Pamene adapitiriza ankamanga matchalitchi mchitidwe umenewu, palibe kuzunzidwa kwa ansembe ndi kunyoza wa tiakachisi Orthodox. Choncho, mabuku mpingo pa nthawi ya ulamuliro Djanibek yodziwika ndithu.

Mwina akuoneka "softness" wolamulirayo? Kalanga - anali masomphenya yosavuta. Orthodox uzigwirizana ndi udindo wa mtendere, ndi kusintha sanafunikire. Komanso, sitiyenera kunyoza anthu ndi worldviews wa Ages Middle - chikhulupiriro anali naye moyo wapatali. Musamatenge kuchokera akapolo a chidole awo posachedwapa - chomwecho Dzhanibek ndi wacheukira kum'mwera.

Kukwera kwa Russia

Only ulendo m'mayiko a kumpoto kwa Khan Dzhanibek anatengedwa mu 1347. Anakhudzidwa m'midzi ndi mudzi pafupi ndi tauni ya Aleksin. Poyerekeza ndi chigumukire wa pogroms ndi kuphana, amene ankakhala maulendo a Chiuzibeki Khan, Dzhanibek zinthu zambiri wodzichepetsa. Ndawala waung'ono anayesetsa kusonyeza mphamvu zawo, osati chifukwa cha mantha. Kupondereza ndi mavuto safunikira - kwambiri atsopano mu chikumbukiro cha nkhanza ndi kuphana amene anakonza pa Russian nthaka Chiuzibeki Khan ndi gulu lake, anali malipiro a kupanduka latsopano ndi okwera kwambiri.

Mwina ndawala okha dziko Russian ndipo anapereka maziko a Moscow olemba kupereka "zofewa" khalidwe Khan Jani Muzipemphera. Mu nkhope ya Moscow ndi maukulu loyandikana Dzhanibek ayang'ana wolamulira zofewa. Koma kodi kunena za anthu ena?

Kukwera ku Azerbaijan

Mu 1357 Dzhanibek anayesetsa kwambiri kampeni mwamakani ndi Azerbaijan. Chiwerengero cha dziko lino sanakhutire ndi ndale mkati mwa wankhanza Malik Ashrefa. Ulendo chachikulu inathera ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali a boma ndi kulanda malo. Dzhanibek Khan masamba mwana wake Berdibek latsopano kazembe ulus, ndipo iye anabwerera ku gulu.

Chuma opezeka Azerbaijan, ndalama Janibek anatulukira. Izi njira zina chinatsimikizira kuyenda ulendo wautali ake mpaka kum'mwera. umboni sitipereka imayendetsedwa ndi macitidwe ndi Maulendo apaulendo wamba.

Kuchepa kwa Golden gulu

Long kusapezeka kwa kum'mwera kwa dziko chayamba kuchepa impso ulamuliro choimirira. Mu gulu Golden anayamba mukubwadamuka amene akanatha kutha mu kugwa ndi. Koma Khan Dzhanibek anabwerera ku gulu zilakolako zoipa ndipo alibe mphamvu ziziyenda zinthu pa dziko. Magwero Russian, pali umboni wa matenda pa nthawi yomweyo, amene anakhudza Khan ndi amake - hanshi Tayduly. Moscow Metropolitan Alex anafika ku gulu ndipo anatenga odwala mkulu mankhwala matenda osadziwika. Taydula anatengera matauni ndi uyamiko kwa mapemphero ake anawachiritsa. Dzhanibek anakakamirabe chikhulupiriro chake ndipo sanatenge Metropolitan. Pomaliza, iye anamwalira ku matenda mu 1359. Ngakhale zina amanena kuti sunapewe kuperekedwa kwa chikho ndi anaphedwa ndi mwana wake.

zotsatira

Kodi kulemera yonena za chikhalidwe zofewa wa Djanibek? Mwatsoka, palibe. Iye sanali bwino ndipo palibe choipa kwambiri kuposa olamulira ena, koma kuti ankakonda m'malo nkhanza zopanda nzeru za kanthu kutali akuthwa ndale. Kulimbikitsa a Mpingo Orthodox, moyo wamtendere popanda zoononga (zaka 40 chete) ankatanthauza kuti Golden gulu Khan kulimbikitsa otaya ndalama ndi kulimbikitsa mphamvu zake. Anakwanitsa mofanana atate wake - monga ntchito kuchita njira zina.