Gulu la mafuta

Mafuta ntchito mafuta injini m'galimoto. N'zochititsa losiyana. Chisankho zimatengera mtundu wa injini ndi zinthu zonse zimene galimoto ndi ntchito.

Lero, mafuta galimoto agawanika pa malo atatu: mwa mtundu, kukhuthala, chifukwa cholinga chake ndi khalidwe.

1. Mtundu. Pankhaniyi, kusiyanitsa mchere ndi kupanga ndi theka-kupanga mafuta. Mchere mawonekedwe zakonzedwa mwa kusakaniza m'munsi distillate ndi mafuta yotsalira. Iwo ali mtengo wotsika ndipo ndi oyenera Motors kwambiri. Kupanga mtundu mtengo, koma ntchito yapamwamba. mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito zinthu zonse nyengo ndi nthawi iliyonse. Theka-kupanga mtundu analandira mwa kusakaniza awiri amene m'mbuyomu, choncho ali ndi ntchito bwino kuposa buku mchere, komanso mtengo poyerekeza kupanga lapansi. mafuta amenewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito mitundu yonse ya injini.

2. kukhuthala. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri. Bukuli lili ndi mafuta gulu SAE J 300, ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi njira zina zisanu ndi yozizira. Yotsirizira amasonyeza kalata «yakumadzulo» (25w, 20w, 15w, 10w, 5w, 0w). Pasanathe nambala yoyamba, kukhuthala mafuta pansipa kutentha ziro ndi mosavuta anachita ozizira chiyambi cha injini. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kukhuthala 0w, mpope adzatha kutulutsa mafuta pa kutentha 35 ° C pansi pa ziro, ndi sitata galimoto adzakhala Mpukutu pa kutentha - 30 ° C. The chizindikiro cha kukhuthala ndi 3.8 mm2 / c. Ngati kukhuthala SAE - 25W, n'zotheka pumpability pa - 10 ° C, ndipo mukulephera kusintha - pa - 5 ° C (kinematic kukhuthala ndi 9,3 mm2 / c). Akuthamanga mafuta amaimira manambala 60, ndiye 50, 40, 30 ndi 20. Pali mankhwala chilengedwe ndi awiri akuti: choyamba - yozizira, wachiwiri - chaka kalasi (SAE 10W 30 Mwachitsanzo).

3. gulu la mafuta ndi lakuti ukugawa iwo mu amene amagwiritsa ntchito injini mafuta ndi anthu ntchito dizilo. Palinso mankhwala angaperekedwe. Pa khalidwe la zonsezi msinkhu kapena otsika kapena mkulu. Ndi cholinga mafuta galimoto ali m'magulu malinga ndi kachitidwe zingapo: American ndi European, zomwe kudziwa mmene ntchito zawo. Dongosolo European amaona kuti kuyeza kwambiri. Malinga ndi katundu mafuta injini (wotsutsa-avale, odana ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni, odana ndi dzimbiri, kuchapa, etc.) wayikidwa koma ndi kuti zili kwa kagulu ena.

American dongosolo API mafuta ukugawa m'magulu amenewa: «S» kwa injini mafuta ndi "C" chifukwa dizilo.

Gulu la mafuta a dongosolo lino motere:

- kwa injini mafuta - SM (2004), SL (2001) ndipo ngakhale SJ (1996), SH (1993), SG (1989);

- dizilo - CI-4 (2002), CH-4 (1998), wina CG-4 (1995), CF (1994) ndipo, ndithudi, CF-2 (1994), CE (1987), CD-II ( 1987).

Letters pambuyo S ndi C kusonyeza khalidwe la mankhwala. Ndi bwino ngati kalata ndi zina pansi zilembo. Today mafuta zaikidwa «B» ndi «A» si anapanga, chifukwa iwo ali sankasudzulana opaleshoni.

Dongosolo European mwatsatanetsatane ndipo limafotokoza katundu wa m'dera limene ntchito galimoto mafuta. Gawo ACEA ali siyana ndendende atatu: "A" kwa mafuta, komanso "B" ndi "E" kwa injini dizilo. Kuchokera mu 2004, panali kalasi "C", omwe ali oyenera mitundu onse mafuta.

Gulu la mafuta pa dongosolo Ulaya motere:

- kwa injini mafuta (magalimoto ndi Vans) - A5-2002, A4-98, A3-96, ndi A2-96 akadali, A1-96;

- Dizilo (magalimoto ndi Vans) - V5-2002, V4-98, V3-96, V2-96, ndipo potsiriza V1-96;

- injini ya magalimoto ndi magalimoto - E5-99, E4-99, E4-98, E3-96, E2-96, ndi E1-96.

Ikuluikulu chiwerengero mu kulemba, mafuta (galimoto) wa apamwamba khalidwe. Chaka mwachindunji ndi hyphen, ali chaka chiyanjo cha mfundo za.

Lililonse pagalimoto akhoza kusankha mota mafuta kuti wasankha. Komabe, mwakufuna kwake kwa izo, njira imodzi kapena wina, udzakhala wokhazikika pa gulu pamwambapa.