Kulemba mwachidziwitso kwa mafuta a moto

Kusankha mwatsatanetsatane ka mafuta oyendetsa galimoto ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito ya injini ya galimoto iliyonse. Choncho, chochitika ichi chiyenera kuperekedwa mwapadera.

Pakalipano, pali ziwerengero zazikulu zosiyana siyana za ma motor. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zili pansi pake ndi izi:

• Sakani;
• Chisokonezo;
• Makhalidwe.

Chofala kwambiri pakati pa zonse ndi mtundu wa mafuta a motolo mwa mtundu wawo:

• Mafuta amchere . Phindu lawo lalikulu ndizovuta mtengo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti magwiritsidwe ntchito a mafutawa si ochuluka kwambiri. Kupanga kumachitika mwa kusakaniza zotsalira ndi / kapena distillate mafuta.
• Mafuta oyendera mafuta. Chofunika kwambiri ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi chilichonse. Ndizo ndalama zokhazokha zokhazokha. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti panthawi yopanga zipangizo zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zipangizo zovuta.
• Mafuta oyendetsa mafuta. Ntchito yawo ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa galimoto komanso mwini wake. Mafuta oterewa ndi otsika mtengo, amathandiza kuchepetsa mafuta, komanso amakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. Pankhaniyi, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mitundu yonse ya injini.

Mndandanda wa mafuta oyendetsa galimoto ndi mamasukidwe awo a mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndiwodziwika (SAE classification). Malingana ndi chizindikiro ichi, onsewa agawanika m'magulu otsatirawa:

• Zima;
• Chilimwe;
• Nyengo zonse.

Kuyika mafuta a injini ya mtundu wa chisanu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kalata "W" (0W, 5W, 10W ndi zina zotero). Zowonjezera chiwerengero patsogolo pa kalata, apamwamba kwambiri mamasukidwe akayendedwe. Mafuta a injini ya chilimwe, amalembedwa ndi nambala chabe pa mfundo yomweyo. Mafuta onse a nyengo ayenera kukhala ndi ziwerengero ziwiri mu dzina lawo lonse. Pachifukwa ichi, yoyamba mwa iwo imasonyeza ma viscosity a mafuta pa kutentha, ndipo yachiwiri - mpweya wooneka bwino pa 150 ^° C ndi kutentha pa 100 ^° C.

Mwachiwonekere, chovuta kwambiri ndi mtundu wa mafuta oyendetsa mafuta. Maziko ake adayikidwa mmbuyo mu 1947, pamene otchedwa API gradation adawonekera. Idawonjezeredwa nthawi zambiri. Mtundu wamakono wamtunduwu unayambika chaka cha 2001. Malinga ndi iye, mafuta onse amagalimoto amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• Utumiki: umaphatikizapo makalasi 9;
• Zamalonda: zikuphatikizapo makalasi khumi.

Mafuta onse a injini kuchokera ku gulu lokonzekera amapangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu injini zomwe zimayendetsa pa mafuta. Mafuta a malonda, adapangidwa kuti apange magetsi a dizilo.

Palinso mndandanda umodzi wa mafuta oyendetsa magalimoto pamtengo - ACEA. Amagawaniza mitundu yonse ya mafuta mu magulu atatu: A, B ndi C. Yoyamba mwa iwo imaphatikizapo mitundu itatu: A1, A2 ndi A3. Zimapangidwira ma injini othamanga pa mafuta. Gulu lachiwiri ligawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: B1, B2, B3 ndi B4. Mafuta oterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa injini ya dizilo yoyera, yomwe imayikidwa pa magalimoto oyendetsa ndi magalimoto opangidwa motengera. Gulu lachitatu likuphatikizaponso mitundu 4 ya mafuta: C1, C2, C3 ndi C4. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini ya dizilo yolemetsa, yomwe ili ndi magalimoto.