Golden Chipata mu Kiev. Golden Gate - chipilala cha mamangidwe a Kievan Lazaro

Kiev - umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri ku Ulaya, mwadzaza zowoneka chidwi. Ndani wa iwo ali wokwanira ulendo mu malo oyamba, pamene Kiev? Golden Chipata! Izi chipilala wapadera wa zomangamanga wakale akhale oyamba mu mndandanda!

General maonekedwe a chipilala cha

Mu Kiev, Golden Gates ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu likulu ndi anthu ake. alendo onse woyamba wa zonse mmene chinthu ichi.

Nikolai Zakrevskii kamodzi otchedwa chipilala ichi "wapatali cholowa ukulu wa Kiev wakale". Mu chisanadze Mongol nthawi mu Kiev Golden Chipata akutumikira monga pachipata chapakati ku mzinda. Dzina zikuoneka Analandira ofanana ndi Constantinople Golden Chipata. Izi akhoza zimachitika mpikisano paokha kumene kunachitika pakati pa mayiko awiri a nthawi.

Golden Chipata mu Kiev: mbiri ya chipilala cha

Tsiku lenileni la pomanga Golden Chipata azambiriyakale, mwatsoka, sindikudziwa. Woyamba olembedwa kutchulidwa kwa iwo kunayamba 1037. Ambiri mwa akatswiri timakonda kuganiza kuti pomanga Golden Chipata mu Kiev inayamba mu 1017 ndipo zinatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Zipata zimenezi akhala chapakati (perete) polowera mzinda wakale. Ndi kupyolera mwa iwo mu Kiev akubwera pambuyo m'mayiko ena alendo ena ofunika. Kuwonjezera golide, mzinda wakhala Lyadsky ndi Zhydivsky chipata. Komabe, nyumba izi lero ayi waliteteza. Lyadsky chipata, ndi njira, ili mu masiku wodzilamulira Square.

Dziwani kuti yekha Golden Chipata anali mwala (otsala - kumtengo), kuwapanga pafupifupi angaloŵe pa nthawi. Amadziwika kuti ngakhale Batu Khan sanayese n'komwe gawanikani mzinda mwanjira imeneyo, kusankha Kiev kumenya Lyadsky Khreshchatyi zitseko ndi makoma a m'chigwa.

Izo zinawoneka ngati Golden Chipata?

Sizikudziwika wotani linali ndi chipata pa Yaroslav Ngwanzeru zakuya. Komabe, zikomo ndi kafukufuku wa mbiri yakale anakwanitsa kufika magawo enieni a nyumbayi. Choncho, chapakati chipata nsanja anali ndi kutalika mamita 13, m'lifupi mwake 10,5 ndi kutalika mamita 17,6. , Imatchedwanso kuti mpingo chipata ili pa nsanja. Choncho, kutalika onse a Golden Chipata anafika mamita 32.

Pambuyo pa adani a Kiev mwa asilikaliwa (1240) ndi atumwi XVI, izi chipilala mapulani sapezeka aliyense kulembamo olembedwa. Koma magwero ena a m'nthawi XVII kale akulankhula za chakuti Golden Chipata ali mu mkhalidwe dilapidated. Makamaka, Martin Gruneveg mu 1584, anati kuti "Golden Chipata ataima mu Kiev, koma ambiri a iwo -. Anathetsa"

Yokonzanso ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa chipilala

Zoyesayesa woyamba kusamalira katundu ili mu 30 ntchentche za m'ma XIX. Choncho, mabwinja kuphimba ndi kuwaika, ndi makoma ndizodzazidwa ndi njira ya laimu. Ndipo mu 1837 injiniya Mehovich analimbitsa kum'mawa khoma la pachipata amphamvu buttresses. Komabe, chipilala akupitiriza kusokonekera mchikakamizo cha mpweya wa mlengalenga. Ndiyeno anaganiza kumanga pa wakale pachipata cha hema, womwe osati kuwateteza, komanso kubwezeretsa choyambirira maonekedwe a Golden Chipata.

ntchito yomanganso akhala mofikapo ndi 1982. Amatsogolera ntchito lokonza Lopushinsky E., S. ndi N. Vysotskii Holostenko. Zikomo yokonzanso ndi, anakwanitsa kubwezeretsa maonekedwe choyambirira cha Golden Chipata: crenellated nsanja kutalika mamita 14 inamangidwa, ndi mbali - linali lofika nsanja yaing'ono mu mawonekedwe a ziyerekezo a. Pa wina dzanja anakonza yomanga weniweni Nyamulani chipata, mwachitsanzo zimene zasungidwa Suzdal ndi Novgorod.

Ife anamanganso ndi mpingo chipata mu mawonekedwe a kachisi ozungulira. Iwo anali chokongoletsedwa ndi dongosolo kukongoletsa njerwa, sizionekaoneka pamakoma a nyumba ya Kievan Lazaro. Mkati pansi mpingo chokongoletsedwa ndi Zithunzi, kuti yesezera pansi wakale wa St. Sophia.

Siteshoni okwerera sitima "Golden Chipata"

Kiev - si kuti Laurel, nyumba zakale, mipingo ndi misewu akale. Ichi ndithu ndi mzinda wamakono ndi misewu, milatho ndi yaikulu machitidwe okwerera sitima ku Europe. Pakali pano, ku Kiev Metro limapangidwa mizere itatu (awiri zambiri - lakonzedwa) ndi okwerera 52. M'nkhani yomweyo, angadziwire kungotchulapo za mmodzi wa iwo, limene lili chabe pafupi manda a kamangidwe, monga tafotokozazi. Izi - siteshoni "Golden Chipata".

Kiev ndi wokonzeka ndikondwera alendo ndi kukongola, osati kuchokera pansi komanso m'munsi mwake. Ndipo izi siteshoni - chitsimikiziro bwino! Ndi mndandanda wa malo okongola kwambiri yapansi mu dziko, palibe mmodzi. Angapo odalirika mabuku ( "The Guardian" mu 2014, "Bootsnall" mu 2011 ndipo "Daily Telegraph" mu 2012) anapanga Kiev siteshoni awo mlingo.

Iwo anaikidwa kugwira ntchito mu 1989. anawasema onse mkati chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi zithunzi ndi zokongoletsera, zomwe - si mobwerezabwereza. Ndipo ngati inu kuzilambalala siteshoni mu mobwerera malangizo, izo bwinobwino kunachokera pafupifupi m'mbiri ya mzinda wakale. Mu ichi - yapadera chachikulu cha siteshoni okwerera sitima "Golden Chipata". Kiev ndi chitukuko njira yonse chilichonse alendo pansi pa nthaka.

History of siteshoni "Golden Chipata" kwambiri zosangalatsa. Pajatu Anaikongoletsanso mu Chiyukireniya wowerengeka kalembedwe, ndi chithunzi cha mipingo, chimene chinali zivute zitani kulibe Mulungu Soviet boma. Koma kodi tiyeni izi zichitika ndi 80, pamene yomanga chinachitika? Mwamwayi, Icho chinali chinthu mwayi.

Olemba ikugwiridwira - Vadim ndi Boris Zhezherin - chimabisika wazomangamanga Chief chakuti mu kamangidwe ka siteshoni tsogolo mudzapezeka "impermissible" kumwa. Choncho, iwo zamvetsera mosavuta, monga ku Soviet Union ichi angakhululukire, ndi nthawi ndithu. Komabe, yomanga chenicheni cha siteshoni linayamba mu 1989, pamene dongosolo Soviet pafupifupi sanali sakupezeka. Choncho, mzinda, chifukwa cha kulimba mtima Zhezherin, wailesi wosangalatsa amene kwathunthu odzipereka lolondola ndi onse Kiev - mayi wa mizinda ya ku Russia.

Paki kuzungulira Golden Chipata

Ngati inu kuchoka kuchokera pamwamba siteshoni, mudzapezeka mu wokongola ndipo kwambiri omasuka mini-paki lozungulira Golden Chipata. paki Ichi ndi malo chipilala, popanda imene n'zokayikitsa kapangidwe wakale wa mzinda.

paki zikuwoneka chipilala loyenerera kwambiri Yaroslav Ngwanzeru zakuya. Pali nthawi zambiri alendo ndiponso anthu wamba nzika holidaymakers chaka chonse.

m'malo mapeto

Mighty mtsinje Dnepr, wakale akachisi, nyumba ndi lalikulu mbiri, wapadera kamangidwe zipilala - zonse izi, ndithudi, ali Kiev. Golden Gate - lofunika chikhalidwe chinthu, chimodzi mwa zinthu zakale a kum'mawa ku Ulaya ndilo za kukondwerera Zakachikwi ake! Ali likulu Chiyukireniya, akhale makamaka kukaona izi chipilala makamaka.