Generalization - mawu ... lingaliro ... Kodi generalization?

M'kupita kwa ndondomeko maganizo zimachitika ntchito anayi. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga gulu, tanthauzo, chiletso ndi generalization mfundo. Aliyense ntchito makhalidwe komanso dongosolo la kutuluka. Kodi generalization? Kumasiyanitsa ndondomeko imeneyi ndi mzake?

tanthauzo

Generalization - ndi opareshoni mfundo zomveka. Kudzera osati khalidwe mitundu akamagwira tanthauzo losiyana ndi buku onse, koma zili zayamba ang'onoang'ono. Vuto anganene kuti generalization - ndi mtundu wa chidziwitso cha increment ndi kusintha maganizo kwa onse kuchokera makamaka chitsanzo makamaka kwa dziko. Nthawi zambiri ikufanana ndi kusintha kwa apamwamba mlingo wa abstraction. Chifukwa cha ntchito zomveka pansi kulingalira adzakhala Hyperons.

zambiri

Mwachidule, ndi generalization - kusintha kwa lingaliro yeniyeni yoperekera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ife kutenga tanthauzo la "coniferous nkhalango". Kudzera mwachidule chifukwa ndi "nkhalango". Tinkalimbikitsidwa zosiyana kale okhutira, koma pa buku chomwecho ndi onse kwambiri. Timasangalala wakhala zochepa chifukwa chakuti kunali kuchotsa mawu "paini" - chizindikiro cha mitundu. Kuyenera anati kuti mfundo oyambirira osati nawo komanso wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, Paris. Mfundo imeneyi akuti ndi umodzi. Pamene kusintha kwa tanthauzo la "Capital European", adzapitiriza kukhala "likulu" ndi "mzinda". Izi ntchito zomveka mukhoza agwera matanthauzo osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kuti adzimvera kuntchito. Pankhaniyi, ndi kusintha kwa makamaka pomvetsa ambiri pali ntchito. Phunziro amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamene pali ndende zazikulu zakuthupi methodological ndi zina. Choncho, kuchotsa pang'onopang'ono mbali khalidwe lomwe ndi chibadidwe nkhaniyi, pali gulu motsogozedwa pazipita kuwonjezeka buku cilamulo. Motero, zili nsembe mokomera abstraction.

Features

Tafotokoza chinthu choterocho monga generalization a. cholinga chake ndi kudzapeza kuchotsa tanthauzo loyambirira la paradaiso mwachibadwa. Ndi zofunika mu ndondomeko izi pang'onopang'ono anatsika ngati kuli kotheka, i.e. kusintha lizisunga motsogozedwa mitundu yogwirizana ndi okhutira linafalitsidwa kwambiri. Generalization - uyu si chosefukira mtima. Mu ena ambiri gulu amachita ngati malire ake. lingaliro ili, amene ali mtheradi m'lifupi mwa kuchuluka. Izi zikuphatikizapo tanthauzo nthanthi ya "kanthu", "kukhala", "chikumbumtima", "lingaliro", "gulu", "katundu" ndi ena. Chifukwa chakuti mfundo imeneyi si mafuko amayanjana, generalization awo sizingatheke.

Generalization monga ntchito kwa nzeru zochita kupanga

Rosenblatt chinakwaniritsidwa chiphunzitso cha vutoli. Pa kafukufuku wa "generalization choyera" ndi Perceptron kapena chitsanzo cha ubongo kupita ku nzothandiza wina ku anachita kusankha kwa nzothandiza, ngati iye, koma musati yambitsa aliyense wa mathero yapita imalandira. ntchito ofooka kuona Mwachitsanzo, kukhala wofunika kwa amagawa zigawo za dongosolo anachita pa gulu zikuchitika zofanana, amene sindiye anasiyanitsidwa tawonetsa (kapena akungomuganizira ndi kukhudza kapena chiyambire) kuwalimbikitsa. Pankhaniyi, n'zotheka kufufuza generalization lachibadwa. Mu ndondomekoyi, muyezo umenewu si wokhazikitsidwa ndi experimenter kapena anayambitsa kuchokera kunja. Mukhozanso kufufuza kukhonda generalization, imene kafukufuku wa "limaphunzitsa kuti" dongosolo mfundo kufanana.

chiletso

Izi ntchito zomveka popenyana ndi generalization. Ndipo ngati njira yachiwiri ndi kuchotsa pang'onopang'ono zizindikiro khalidwe la nkhani inayake, ndiye chiletso M'malo mwake, cholinga zathu ya mbali. Izi ntchito zomveka zikuphatikizapo kuchepetsa voliyumu kuwonjezeka pamaziko a okhutira. Kuletsa itha pa nthawiyo pamene pali lingaliro limodzi. tanthauzo limeneli amakhala ndi kuchuluka mokwanira ndi wokhutira, kumene amaganiza mutu umodzi okha (chinthu).

anapezazo

Pamwamba generalizations ntchito ndi zofooka ndi chinthu ndi njira kutchula pa malire a pachikhalidwe kudziwa siyana ndi nzeru za anthu. njira izi zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha maganizo, kudziwa zinthu ndi zochitika ndi zimene ankachita.

Pogwiritsa ntchito generalizations ndi mfundo zofooka ndinaganiza ndondomeko umayenda bwino, zonse ndi molondola. Pa nthawi yomweyo sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi ntchito zomveka ankaona kumasulidwa gawo lonse ndi kuganizira mbali analandira payokha. Mwachitsanzo, injini galimoto zikuphatikizapo magawo angapo (sitata, mpweya fyuluta, carburetor etc.). zinthu izi, nayenso, amapangidwa ndi ena, ang'onoang'ono, ndi zina zotero. Mu chitsanzo ichi lingaliro chomwe chimatsatira si mtundu wa munthu m'mbuyomu, koma mchitidwe wake constituent. The ndondomeko ya generalization anataya zinthu khalidwe. Pamodzi ndi kuchepa zili (chifukwa Kupha zizindikiro) kumawonjezera kuchuluka (monga tanthauzo kwayamba ambiri). Mu ndondomeko ya chiletso, pa mwake, anati generic akuti ndi makhalidwe enieni ndi mbali. Mu nkhani imeneyi, tanthauzo la voliyumu amachepetsa (chifukwa umakhala konkire) ndipo zili M'malo mwake, kuchuluka (powonjezera makhalidwe).

zitsanzo

Mu ndondomeko maphunziro a generalization ntchito mu pafupifupi onse milandu, pamene matanthauzo amapatsidwa kudzera kapena kusiyana generic. Mwachitsanzo: "Sodium" - chinthu mankhwala. Kapena mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito paliwiro lotsatira: "Sodium" - chitsulo. Chitsanzo china generalization:

1. Zimadya nyama ya canine.
2. Zimadya nyama.
3. Nyama.
4. Peresenti.
5. Animal.
6. Thupi.

Ndipo apa ndi chitsanzo cha zoletsa m'chilankhulo cha Russian:

1. Kupereka.
2. A ndimavutika.
3. Zambiri limodzi pawiri umafuna.
4. Zambiri limodzi pawiri amapereka ndi mkhalidwe wa.