Fyodor Ivanovich Shubin, ziboliboli: yonena, ntchito

Fedot Ivanovich Shubin - wosema, anabadwa mu May 1740 mu banja wamba. atate wake, Ivan Arkhangelsk Pomor Afanasyevitch ankavala wina dzina - khungu odula. Iye sanali serf, anali kulemba komanso kudula fupa. Kudzera mwa maphunziro ake ndipo ife tiri wotchuka ziboliboli Fedot Shubin. dzina lake pang'ono kenako yopemphera kwa Academy of Tirhana.

M'mene zinachitikira

Fedot Shubin, mwana m'mphawi a, ziboliboli, pafupifupi kubwereza njira ya countryman chake chachikulu University, koma popanda chichokereni ku zaluso ndi sayansi, anaphunzira osati Russia, komanso ku France ndi ku Italy, mwaluso katswiri kusema nsangalabwi. Pakati pa Osema-chithunzi iye kwenikweni sanali ofanana. Atate ake sanali kokha wakhama mwini - nayo nthawi ndi nsomba ndi ulimi olimapo, koma ntchito ndi mayi a ngale ndi fupa, kusema zinthu moona chotchedwa chidwi.

Ndipo mphunzitsi iye Zikuoneka luso. Zinali iye amene anaphunzitsa achinyamata Lomonosov kulemba. Ndipo wophunzira ake aakulu sanaiwale ndi Mlangizi choyamba. Mu 1759, Ivan Afanasievich khungu odula anamwalira, ndipo mwana wake, achinyamata, tsogolo Fedot Shubin, ziboliboli ndi kubadwa ndi ntchito, anapita chomwecho nsomba ngolo sitima ku likulu, pafupi countryman Lomonosov. Kwa zaka ziwiri, mnyamata anaphunzira Petersburg, osati mu umphawi, chifukwa mosavuta kudula fani, mabokosi wopera, zisa ndi zokongoletsera zina - anasangalala kwambiri madona. Ankaiphwasula zopangidwa ndi nthawi okonzeka kulipira kwambiri.

Academy

Lomonosov anasangalala patronize mwana wa mphunzitsi wake woyamba, ndipo mu 1761 Fedotov analowa Academy of Tirhana. Mndandanda wa ophunzira apangana pansi pa dzina latsopano, ndipo dzina Fedotov, ndi Fedor ndi chifukwa chithunzicho meekly anayankha kuti dzina la Fedot Shubin. Ziboliboli mu izo poyamba chinaoneka luso, ndi china chirichonse sanali wofunika kwambiri kwa iye. Ngakhale Werengerani Shuvalov anadabwa ntchito yoyamba ya mnyamata ndi nayenso mwachidwi ankalimbikitsa. The kwambiri kuti poyamba kuphunzira Russian ziboliboli Shubin ndi zinthu kunja mwachangu. Nthawi zonse analemekeza osati matamando kwa aphunzitsi, komanso mphoto.

Mu 1766 anatulutsa chosemacho pa phunziro, otsala pafupi zonsezi - "kupha Sitefano Askold ndi Dir," lomwe Yesu anali kupereka Grand Gold Zikho, komanso wolemba analandira otchuka munthu woyamba kapitawo udindo - ". Satifiketi lupanga" Mwatsoka, nthawi watibweretsa ife osati kuti akwaniritsidwe Shubin ziboliboli, ambiri a ntchito zake, makamaka maphunziro, atayika. Choncho ambiri maumboni ndi mafotokozedwe wokongola mtundu wanyimbo Tiziboliboli "Oreshnitsa ndi mtedza", "Valdayka ndi wheel" ndi ena, koma ife sadzaona zithumwa zawo.

Paris

Khalidwe sikosangalatsa, wachilungamo ndi patsogolo Fyodor Shubin, ndi ziboliboli, anali pooschron ulendo Paris mu 1767 ndi gulu monga pensioners (anyamata) amapita ku France pansi pa tutelage wa Russian kazembe Golitsyn, munthu ŵakusanga ndi mwapang'onopang'ono, wokonda ndi connoisseur zaluso, pambali - woyang'anira. Golitsyn anayambitsa ndi Fedor Ivanovich Shubin, wosema ku Russia, ndi Diderot wotchuka, amene anali bwenzi lake, iye anauza aphunzitsi kwa Jean-Baptiste Pigalle.

Zinali mwanzeru. Chifukwa Pigalle kulenga osati kukongola m'nthano ndi ophiphiritsa nyimbo, amene Shubin ndi zosemasema ntchito ayendetsa wake, komanso analenga chenicheni kwambiri chithunzi busts. Ndicho kwa Shubin anali watsopano ndi watsopano, ndipo kenako napita naye kutchuka.

maphunziro luso

Ntchito mu situdiyo ndi Pigalle, Fedot Afanasievich mosamala anakopera ndi zamakono French chosema ndi mafano zosowa zakale, ndipo zosiyanasiyana sculpted zojambula chosemacho ndi Poussin ndi Raphael, makamaka kwambiri za nthawi imene munataya ntchito ndi chikhalidwe.

Pafupifupi madzulo Fedor Shubin ziboliboli anayamba ntchito yake mu kalasi m'ziwawa wa Academy of Wabwino Tirhana ku Paris, koma nthawi anataya ku dziko lonse ndi ku Royal Library, ndipo mu situdiyo ya wotchuka French ziboliboli. Nthawi zina analemba makalata za zimene zinawachitikira, ndi ena ngakhale lero mungathe kuwerenga, kudabwa mwana Student changu wamba a. atate wake, Ivan Shubin, ndi ziboliboli, kwambiri, mwina wanga ndinayang'ana pansi kwa zimene zimapangitsa mwana wake. Ndipo mwana anachita kwambiri, kwambiri. Ndipo kotero zaka zitatu zapita.

Italy

A maphunziro zaka zitatu mu Paris inatha, koma Fedot izi momveka sikokwanira, ndipo kotero iye anapempha chilolezo kuchokera Academy kupitiliza maphunziro ake Rome ndipo anapita kukakumana ndi akuluakulu. Iyo inali nthawi ya zolengedwa bwino kwambiri. Fyodor Shubin, ziboliboli, amene ntchito kudabwitsa m'nthawi yathu ndi luso lake ndi zolondola chithunzi kufala kwa khalidwe, olengedwa mwa 1771, zithunzi za Shuvalov ndi Golitsyn.

Tsopano iwo ali mu Tretyakov Gallery. Other ntchito - ndi kugwira wa Catherine Wamkulu nsangalabwi amene kunapezeka bwino ngakhale kuti sanapangidwe kuchokera mu chirengedwe. Orlov abale, ankakonda Mfumukazi, iye analamula Shubin zithunzi zawo, ndipo mofulumira kwambiri kuti awo anaphedwa. Ziboliboli chosema ndi busts m'njira zake otsika-kiyi, amene kale anapambana zizolowezi m'chombocho.

oyendayenda

Pa nthawi ina, Komabe, si atakhala Shubin, mu 1772 anayamba ulendo zosangalatsa obereketsa wotchuka Demidovs Italy. Mu Bologna ine ndinayima ndipo ena anachita ntchito chifukwa cha wamkulu mu Europe Academy Shubin anapanga academician lake laulemu nampatsa dipuloma.

Chilimwe 1773rd Demidov ulendo ziboliboli ku Europe, ndipo ulendo uno mu London. Komabe Shubin kale kwambiri mumangonyong'onyeka la Russia, kumanzere kale, abwenzi ndi anthu, choncho nthawi yomweyo pambuyo ulendo kubwerera ku St. Petersburg.

kunyumba

Mu 1775 kudali kuyatsa imodzi mwa ntchito kwambiri zazikulu za ziboliboli Shubin. Izi kugwira wa Prince Golitsyn, Catherine wanzeru nthumwi, olemekezeka ophunzira chikunja bwino ndi kumvetsa wanzeru. Ndipo lero tingaganizire ntchito imeneyi pulasitala pa State Russian Museum, ndi za nsangalabwi - mu Tretyakov Gallery. Shubin Kodi wakuveka maonekedwe wotopa pang'ono wa munthu okalamba ndi lingaliro bata apamwamba kuposa ena, onse limaonetseratu ndi pansi pamtima!

m'makwinya a Jets zovala ndi akuoneka kuti mwamuna wangayo, choncho zazikulu kasinthasintha wa mapewa ndi mutu nthumwi. Izi zimaonekera makamaka nsangalabwi lapansi. Stone ngati kupuma ndi kuchoka kwa mbuye chida. Falcone yekha anasangalala ndi ntchito. Chaka chimodzi zimenezi zisanachitike, mu September 1774 loyamba, Academy of Tirhana anakakamizika kuswa hayala yake. Mutu wa academician anali n'komwe kuti chithunzicho, ngati ntchito yake si anagwira kapena zochitika m'nthano katundu. Mu Shubin chithunzi cha kugwira wa Catherine Wamkulu panthawiyo sanali mtundu wanyimbo kapena zina. Koma mutu wa academician analandira.

makumi asanu ndi awiri

Izi zinali zaka zipatso. Iwo unalengedwa zithunzi zambiri, ndi Shubin ntchito mofulumira kwambiri: mwezi - ndi kugwira. The ziboliboli wakhala kwambiri wotchuka pakati pa anthu mkulu wa pagulu, yemweyo - amakonda wa Mfumukazi. Kwa makasitomala munalibe kumasulidwa. Ataona ziboliboli inali yapadera, ndi kuzindikira - kwambiri nkhambakamwa ndi - sizidzatha. Iye anali wokhoza nthawi iliyonse kupeza njira zatsopano - osati ku zinthu zakunja koma zili mkati, chikhalidwe cha chitsanzo. Shubin ziboliboli konse mobwerezabwereza ntchito zake.

ndi anthu onse mkulu wa St. Petersburg mu zaka Tingaone mu zithunzi ndi. Apa bwalo dona Maria Panina. Kodi chisomo, chimene kukongola! Ndipo kodi kudzikuza, ndi ozizira! Ndipo ndi angati a Lamulo! Apa polimbana - wotchuka mkulu Rumyantsev. Osati pang'ono anamanga, ngakhale chofunda Rome-drapeable. Ndipo timaona mmene zamphamvu, yofunika munthu uyu. Ndi chithunzi cha mutu wa sayansi onse VG Orlova ziboliboli Izitu n'zovutitsa udzaphwanya malo. Iye ndi ankhanza, ndi Shubin. Palibe pomwe Orlov lotsogoleredwa ndi Academy of Sciences, iye anati. Ndi munthu woteroyo! Si ngakhale kafungo kupusa, ndi opusa kwathunthu ndi achipongwe mawu a nkhope.

Zambiri zokhudza ntchito ya

kugwira limeneli likusonyeza NDI Barishnikova wolemera industrialists. The wowerenga angathe kudziwa osati mukudziwa, iye akhoza ndikuganiza ndi mawonekedwe osamala ndi wochenjera bizinesi. Kale mu zaka oyambirira, kale ndi Wanderers, tikhoza kulankhula za amajambulapo maluwa okongola chikhalidwe mu chithunzicho. A chithunzi cha Mlembi wa State Zavadsky, mosiyana, zikusonyeza kutengeka zonse za chikhalidwe chikondi, ndipo ngakhale chitakonzedwa ndi maganizo ichi - kudya, kufooka. Chidwi kwambiri ndi "Chithunzi cha munthu", kumene monga Zikuoneka kuti maganizo kwambiri chinsinsi ndi zolinga za wojambula anatsegula mlendo. The zikuchokera ndi bata, ndi mawerengeredwe zofewa - onse chikufanana kwambiri dongosolo lingaliro.

A lalikulu kwambiri, tikhoza kunena - kwambiri ntchito zachitika Shubin m'ma makumi asanu ndi awiri. Ekaterina Velikaya anamulamula mndandanda wa Antiokeya-ziboliboli, chiwerengero cha fifite-eyiti, awiri a za makumi masentimita. Marble zithunzi ankafuna kuti holo Round mu Chesma yachifumu, koma tsopano angaonedwe mu amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida. Iwo akamachita akalonga ndipo analamulira munthu Russia - chirichonse kuchokera Rurik kwa Elizabeti.

Mipingo

Tsopano ziboliboli za anapatsidwa kwambiri ntchito akadali zazikulu ndi zovuta zambiri nthawi iliyonse. Komabe, iye anachita kwakukuru. Thandizo ndi zifaniziro za Marble Palace, mausoleum ya General Golitsyn nsangalabwi ziboliboli kwa Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa ndi Utatu Cathedral, koma mmodzi yekha wa Pandora ku kugwa lalikulu la Peterhof ndi ofunika chinachake! Koma chithunzi busts iye sanangokhala. Mu Kuskovo, Sheremetyev patrimony, mukhoza kuona ntchito yapamwamba ya Shubin, amene akuonetsedwa mwini nyumba yachifumu.

Zimakhala chithunzi cha General Michelson, ndi medallion ndi mbiri ya Catherine Wamkulu ndi kugwira ake sculptural (zonse kusungidwa mu Russian Museum). Kupatula waima chifanizo cha Mfumukazi "mafasho" mu ntchito ya Shubin, kumene kumujambula Minerva. Anthu ndi anthu mkulu anali pa ntchito kusangalala, koma Mfumukazi sankafuna anachita iliyonse - palibe malipiro, palibe ziboliboli Kukwezeleza sanalandire. Ndipo kuyambira chidwi kamphindi mu zilandiridwenso Shubin anakhala kwambiri mwamsanga zokha.

Mapeto a njira

Sikisite zaka anakhala mu dziko yodabwitsa ziboliboli Shubin. Mwachidule yonena za izo ngati malongosoledwe a njira kulenga, anali kwambiri mu ntchito moyo wake. Apa Bologna Shubin - pulofesa wotchuka, ndi St. Petersburg - palibe konse. Ndipo izo zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi chokha: kudikira munthu wina koma inu simungakhoze kulipira kuti ndalama zanu. Ndipo kuti kwayamba zochepa ndi moyo wautali kuposa pamenepo. Zojambula ndi zosemasema sangakhoze konse kukhala osauka, monga olemba ndakatulo ndi oimba, ndiye iwo sadzatha kulenga. odula utoto maburashi, nsalu zokha ayi. Ndipo ngati nsangalabwi! Inde ndi pulasitala ...

Shubin amatipempherera mothandizidwa ndi Prince Potemkin kwa Academy of Tirhana malo a pulofesa mu kalasi chosema. makalata awiri amene amafotokoza. Ndiye ziboliboli yalembedwera Mfumukazi. Patapita zaka ziwiri, yankho chidatengedwa ndi malo a pulofesa kwambiri. Koma popanda kulipira! A U Shubina yaikulu lathu, ayenera muli. Ntchito iye sasiya, ngakhale kuti masomphenya amayamba kukana iye.

nineties

Ntchito ya zaka amenewa akusonyeza za talente ziboliboli a. Iye adadawa anawonjezapo chikhalidwe ndi ntchito yake, ndipo tsopano zithunzi zimathandizadi analenga makamaka bwino amadziwika ntchito yake. Ichi ndi chithunzi cha asilikali Chichagova - mmene stale suharom zikuwoneka msilikali! Izi sybarite kugwira Potemkin - limasonyeza kuti bwino chikhalidwe, koma odzikweza, odzikweza, pafupifupi anganyoze. Izi ndi pedant, mutu wa Academy of Tirhana Betskoi ndi meya Chulkov ... chithunzi cha kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyi.

ntchito Recent

lolankhulalankhula chithunzi cha Lomonosov, amene Shubin kukumbukira analengedwa mu 1792. Mmenemo palibe galamu imodzi ya akuluakulu a boma, anaika ostentation, ndi yosavuta demokalase onse thupi ndi zikuchokera, komanso chithunzi nzeru za! Komabe, mwaluso woona wa zaka onsewa sanapite wanzeru chithunzi cha countryman ndi kugwira la mfumu kachiwiri. Izi Paulo I - odzikweza, ozizira, ankhanza, nthawi yomweyo zopweteka ndi mavuto. Shubin anachita mantha ngakhale nzeru, koma Paulo ntchito kwambiri. Koma kokha. Ndi 1797 zinthu Shubin anakhala wolemera kwambiri. Iye anapempha kuti sukulu ndi Paulo, ndiye, patapita chaka, kubwerera ku sukulu ya. Ine anafunsa pang'ono ndithu: ndi breech nyumba ndi makandulo ndi nkhuni, chifukwa panalibe kanthu moyo. Yankho lake linali chete kachiwiri.

Mu 1801, a ziboliboli nyumba zopsereza ndi msonkhano wake pamodzi ndi ntchito - yomalizidwa kapena ayi. Komabe, palibe nkhonya ya tsoka simungathe kusintha izi wojambula yekha. Imodzi mwa ntchito zaposachedwapa - kugwira a Alexander Wamkulu. Munthu wokongola, koma kukongola onsene ozizira, osayanjanitsika kachiwiri. Ntchito imeneyi mukusungira Voronezh Museum Regional. Mfumu ya izi ziboliboli kugwira chopatsika mphete ndi mwala. Ndiye analimbikitsa Academy - anapereka nyumba, ndi makandulo. Mu 1803 kale anali. Posakhalitsa, ndi lamulo la Mfumu Shubin ndi pulofesa ndi malipiro lomwe. Koma mochedwa kwambiri. Mu May 1805, wosema chidwi zapita. imfa yake anadabwa pamene palibe munthu wokonda zinthu. Ndi tsopano kwa ife tonse kuti tsoka zomvetsa chisoni mwamuna ndi akumuimba manyazi.