Features MFIs

N'zovuta Musaone kufunika ngongole mu chuma. Ngongole athe mabizinezi mwamsanga kukhazikitsa ulimi wawo (kudzera mwa ngongole malonda), kulera ndalama zina kwa wamakono wa chuma mapulani etc. Komano, ngongole amalola ogula kugula zodula cholimba katundu, "kungokonza mbali zowonongeka mabowo" mu mavuto a zachuma zovuta ndi zina zotero. Mwachidule, ngongole ndi mbali yofunika ya chuma msika.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ankagwiritsa ntchito otchedwa mabungwe microfinance. Nthawi zambiri ife tikhoza kuwona zizindikiro m'misewu ya mabungwe nawo kukhazikitsa ngongole yaing'ono yochepa. Pofuna kufotokoza ntchito ndi kufunika kwa MFIs mu chuma ndi tifunika kufufuza zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zawo, malamulo malamulo, komanso mitengo ndi ngongole mawu.

Mogwirizana ndi makonzedwe a Chilamulo Federal wa July 2, 2010 N 151-FZ "Pa microfinance ndi microfinance mabungwe" pansi pa microfinance gulu amati ndi "bungwe lalamulo mayina mawonekedwe a thumba la, ndi yoyenda yokha osapindulitsa mabungwe (kupatula mabungwe bajeti) sanali malonda mgwirizano, zachuma kampani kapena mgwirizano tikamachita zinthu microfinance nalowa mu boma m'kaundula wa mabungwe microfinance m'njira operekedwa ndi lamulo. "

Kuti timvetse tanthauzo la microfinance gulu ayenera chimatanthauza mfundo ntchito microfinance. Sootvetstsvuyuschego ya malamulo ndi machitidwe a mabungwe microfinance akhoza kutengapo maganizo:

• microfinance ntchito - Ntchitoyi umalimbana kupereka nzika amalonda munthu ndi ngongole mabungwe pansi pa mapangano zogwirizana;
• ngongole ku mabungwe microfinance sayenera upambana 1 miliyoni rubles;
• ngongole akuti, chaka zambiri n'komwe (masabata 52).

Yogawa wapadera wa mabungwe microfinance analandira pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo "Pa microfinance ndi microfinance mabungwe", umene amapereka tanthauzo la zinthu microfinance, anakhazikitsa dongosolo la ntchito yawo ndipo mbali yaikulu ya ulamuliro pa zochita zawo. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo amapereka zoletsa yokulirapo pa ntchito za mabungwe microfinance, limatanthauzira ufulu ndi udindo wawo.

Zikuonekeratu kuti microfinance (ngongole kuchuluka kwa osapitirira miliyoni) ndi maziko a mabungwe microfinance. Ndi chifukwa apereke ngongole kwa MFI alandira zambiri za phindu lake.

Komabe, lamulo kwambiri kukuchepetsa ena zinthu zokhudzana ndi makonzedwe a ngongole. Mwachitsanzo, pali zoletsa aakulu pa mapangidwe likulu kampani. Lamulo motsimikizira limaletsa kukopa ndalama za anthu amene si amene anayambitsa kampani (kupatulapo anthu kupereka njira ya gulu pamaziko a pangano ngongole kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni rubles, kapena mgwirizano kuposa wina ngongole ndi wokongoza wina [1]). Amene zoona, mabungwe microfinance, mosiyana ndi mabanki, saloledwa kukopa madipoziti.

Wina chiletso mochepa kwambiri ndi kuletsa ntchito akatswiri mu sheya msika. Choncho, mabungwe microfinance kugwiritsa ntchito anabwereka ndi mwini ndalama kwa ndalama akatswiri m'matangadza, mgwirizano, etc.

Mu mawu ena, MFI ntchito ndi kuzindikira Kuyamikira mu chimango cha ndalama anakweza kwa oyambitsa ndi likulu obwereketsa. Mwachibadwa, mabungwe microfinance simungathe kupanga kuchuluka akuluakulu a likulu ngongole ngati mabanki.

Mfundo ntchito mabungwe microfinance chiri motere: MFIs kupereka pang'ono kwa nthawi yochepa pa mtengo kwambiri chidwi.

Mu lingaliro langa, microfinance - mawonekedwe yamakono ya katapira mtchatho. Choncho, pobwereka mitengo akhoza kukhala pakati 9-10% pamwezi mpaka 4% pa sabata (100-200% pa annum). Yerekezerani, mu ngongole ndalama Bank kuchuluka kwa rubles 50,000. kwa nthawi ya chaka chimodzi popanda yokonza ndalama za 16.5% pa chaka. Mu "UralSib" banki ngongole kwa chofanana adzauka pafupifupi 23% [2]

Zingatanthauze kuti palibe zomveka wothandizila zachuma sakugwirizana chotero zinthu owononga ngongole. Komabe, pofuna kupeza ngongole kubanki m'pofunika kupereka phukusi la zolemba ndi kukumana ndi chiyeso chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ena mabanki kuwonjezera pasipoti azipereka mawu ndalama ndi zikalata zina. Zoyenera ntchito banki kuganizira kudalirika kwa zikalata, ngongole mbiri ya wokongolayo, kupenda mavuto ngongole ofikira. Ndipo si aliyense amene akufuna kupeza ngongole cheke ichi akudutsa (munthu osakwanira kukula kwa malipiro boma munthu sanali kugonjera ndi zikalata zofunika, mavuto ena ndi ngongole mbiri, etc.). Aliyense amene ukulephera mayeso banki akufunafuna Makampani kuti apereke ngongole zinthu zambiri okhulupirika. kasitomala kawirikawiri amatanthauza malo microfinance.

mabungwe Microfinance sizipanga zofunika kwambiri borrowers. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe ambiri kwa issuance wa ngongole zimafuna yekha pasipoti ndi kutenga kusankha apereke ngongole patangotha maola ochepa. Komanso, pali makampani kupeza yaying'ono-ngongole zimene musati ngakhale ayenera kukaona ofesi - ofunsira ngongole komanso zochita pa extradition ali bwino kunyumba.

Monga tikuonera, MFIs ntchito mu gawo ndi chiopsezo kwambiri za kusakhulupirika. Pofuna kukwaniritsa kuopsa ndi kuonetsetsa profitability, mabungwe microfinance anapereka whopping chiwongola dzanja. Nzeru pano ndi losavuta: ngati makasitomala awiri (zitatu, zinayi, etc., malinga ndi vuto ndi microloans gawo msika) osachepera limodzi kubwezera ngongole ndi chidwi, mabungwe, kusakhulupirika chidwi ndi zilango, kampani adzapereka ndalama kwa eni . Komabe, chiwongola dzanja pa microloans anayambitsanso moona choopsa.

Komanso, maukonde mungapeze zambiri maganizo olakwika pa MFI kugwira ntchito mu dziko. Makamaka, makasitomala akudandaula za mwano ndi Ngopambana boorishness njira uncivilized zosonkhanitsira wa ngongole kwa borrowers, komanso ngati ntchito zosiyanasiyana sanali mandala ziwembu chidwi, alipire ngongole ndi zina zotero.

Zikuonekeratu kuti mikrofinansiroanie ngati (ngongole yaing'ono kwa nthawi yochepa pa ziwawa chidwi), pali dziko lathu si tsiku loyamba. Komatu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chilamulo "Pa microfinance ndi microfinance mabungwe" mabungwe microfinance anayamba kutuluka mithunzi kusamukira ku ntchito ya malamulo. Komabe, ambiri mwa njira ya ntchito (kuphatikizapo wachifwamba) anakhalabe mu nkhokwe ya mabungwe microfinance. Koma zikuoneka kuti vuto la kukula ndi chitukuko cha MFIs monga yovomerezeka bungwe la ndalama chuma Russian.

Monga chochita nazo malonda, ndi microfinance ntchito ambiri. Mwapamwamba chiwongola dzanja kupanga microfinance ndi kopindulitsa malonda, ngakhale mavuto onse obwera ndi izo. Apo ayi sitikadakhala anawona kukula cholimba chiwerengero cha mabungwe microfinance, zomwe zingaoneke ndi apoyera.

Zothandizira:

1. Federal Chilamulo cha July 2, 2010 N 151-FZ "Pa microfinance ndi microfinance mabungwe.