Eyiti Orthodox kuwoloka: chithunzi, phindu kufanana

Cross Woyera ndi chizindikiro cha Ambuye wathu Yesu Khristu. Wokhulupirira woona aliyense pa atamuona involuntarily akutembenukira maganizo ake za chisoni Mpulumutsi izo watenga kuchotsa ife ku imfa ya muyaya yomwe wakhala anthu ambiri atagwa Adamu ndi Hava. wauzimu ndi maganizo kupsyinjika Special amanyamula eyiti Orthodox mtanda. Ngakhale palibe fano la kupachikidwa, nthawi zonse amapezeka kuti M'maganizo athu.

Chida cha imfa imene inakhala chizindikiro cha moyo

Mkhristu mtanda - ichi chithunzi kuphedwa zipangizo, umene wakhala pansi Iisus Hristos pa ziganizo musanaganizire zoyikidwa ndi a kazembe wa Yudeya, Pontiyo Pilato. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mtundu uwu zigawenga kupha anachokera ku Foinike wakale ndi pambuyo atsamunda awo - ndi Carthaginians analowa ufumu wa Roma, omwe anakhala ambiri.

Mu nthawi kuti kupachikidwa alamulidwa makamaka Chikristu chisanayambe achifwamba anatenga otsatira ophedwa wa Yesu Khristu. Makamaka zambiri zodabwitsazi zinali mu ulamuliro wa Mfumu Nero. imfa Mpulumutsi yemwe yemwe wakonza chida cha manyazi ndi kuvutika chizindikiro cha chigonjetso cha zabwino kuipa ndi kuwala pa mdima moyo wosatha gehena.

The eyiti zisonga mtanda - chizindikiro cha Orthodox

mwambo Mkhristu amadziwa zambiri typefaces osiyana kuwoloka kuchokera alipidwa crosshairs mizere molunjika ku geometries yovuta kwambiri Kuwonjezera zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. tanthauzo achipembedzo adagoneka chomwecho, koma kusiyana kunja zofunika kwambiri.

M'maiko a Mediterranean kum'mawa, kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi ku Russia kuyambira nthawi yakale chizindikiro cha mpingo octagonal, kapena, monga kawirikawiri anati, Orthodox mtanda. Komanso, mungathe kumva mawu akuti "mtanda wa Saint Lazaro," ndi dzina lina la mtanda eyiti Orthodox, monga ayankhidwa pansipa. Nthawi zina aikidwa pa fano la Mpulumutsi wopachikidwa.

mbali kunja mtanda Orthodox

peculiarity ake kwagona kuti kuwonjezera awiri yopingasa mtanda anthu, limene m'munsi - kwambiri, ndi pamwamba - yaing'ono, pali amakonda adayitana phazi. Ndi ang'ono ndi ili pansi pa chigawo ofukula umasonyeza ndi crossbar, amene anapuma mapazi a Khristu.

Malangizo a ndingaliro ake yofanana: pamene kuonera mbali ya anamupachika Khristu, kutha bwino ndi apamwamba kuposa kumanzere. Mu ichi pagona ophiphiritsa ena. Malinga ndi mawu a Mpulumutsi pa chiweruzo chotsiriza, olungama adzaimirira pa dzanja lake lamanja, ndi ochimwa - kumanzere. Kuti njira yowongoka Kumwamba zosonyeza upraised mathero lamanja la kumapazi ake, ndi kuya kwa gehena atatembenuzidwa kumanzere.

Malinga ndi Uthenga Wabwino wa Mpulumutsi ankhomera pamwamba pa bolodi mutu umene dzanja la Pontiyo Pilato linalembedwa: ". Yesu Mnazareti, Mfumu ya Ayuda" Zolembedwa izi anapangidwa mu zilankhulo zitatu - Chiaramu, Latin ndi Greek. Kuti chimaimira pamwamba crossbar yaing'ono. Iwo akhoza imapezeka imeneyi pakati pa crossbar okwezeka ndi kutha chapamwamba mtanda, ndi pamwamba kwambiri za izo. Chotero chizindikiro akulola chikhulupiriro kwambiri kubereka maonekedwe a zida mavuto Khristu. Ndicho chifukwa eyiti Orthodox mtanda.

Za malamulo a chigawo golide

mtanda eyiti Orthodox mu maonekedwe ake chakale zachokera malamulo a chigawo golide. Kumvetsa zimene zinali kuchitika, tikambirana mfundo izi mwatsatanetsatane. Pansi pake amamvedwa monga chiwerengero amgwirizano, mwanjira magwero zonse zinalengedwa ndi Mlengi.

Pali zitsanzo zake ndi thupi la munthu. Kudzera kuyesera yosavuta tikuona kuti ngati ife kugawanitsa kufunika kokula athu pa mtunda kuchokera adzakonze m'michombo, ndiyeno phindu chomwecho lagawidwa ndi mtunda pakati Mchombo ndi pamwamba pa mutu, ndiye zotsatira zidzakhala chomwecho ndi kuchuluka kwa 1.618. Chiwerengero chomwecho lagona pa kukula kwa phalanges zala zathu. mfundo iyi chiŵerengero, yotchedwa Golden chiŵerengero, angapezeke pa khwerero liri: kwa kapangidwe nyanja chipolopolo kupanga alipidwa ndiwo zamasamba turnips.

Kumanga pa maziko a anapangira lamulo golide gawo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomangamanga, komanso zina luso. Ndi maganizo ake aluso ambiri savutika kukwaniritsa ntchito yake munthu pazipita mogwirizana. Izi chitsanzo unkachitika mwa analemba ntchito mu mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo zachikhalidwe. Polemba nyimbo kalembedwe a miyala ndi jazi kupereka izo.

Chilamulo yomanga Orthodox mtanda

Pamaziko a chigawo golide anamanga ndi atatu-Orthodox mtanda. Mtengo wa malekezero ake wakhala zafotokozedwa pamwamba tsopano mutembenukire malamulo zakuya yomanga imeneyi chapakati chizindikiro Mkhristu. Sanathe akhazikitsidwa chongopeka, koma chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa moyo weniweniwo, ndipo ali maziko awo masamu.

Eyiti chikale mtanda anafotokoza mogwirizana kwambiri ndi mwambo nthawi zonse kupsa mu rectangle, makulidwe a Chofanana chigawo golide. Kunena mwachidule, ndi kugawa kutalika ndi m'lifupi, timapeza 1.618.

The mtanda wa Saint Lazaro (monga tatchulazi, ndi dzina lina la mtanda eyiti Orthodox) yomanga ake ndi mbali ina kugwirizana ndi kufanana kwa thupi. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti kachigawo kutalika kwa manja uli wofanana ndi wamtali ndi chithunzi ndi manja linatha m'nthiti mwangwiro kupsa mu lalikulu ndi. Pachifukwa ichi, pafupifupi kutalika mtengo lolingana ndi zikulilima dzanja la Khristu, ndi mtunda kuchokera ku mapazi a mumbali kuti, kutanthauza kukula. Yosavuta, pa Koyamba, malamulo zikhale munthu aliyense amene funso ndi mmene kudzatunga mtanda eyiti Orthodox.

Kalvare mtanda

Palinso wapadera, mwangwiro kumene kumakhala Amonke eyiti Orthodox mtanda, zithunzi limene anapereka nkhaniyi. Iwo amatchedwa "mtanda wa Kalvari." nkhope iyi ndi chizolowezi Orthodox mtanda, tafotokozazi, aikidwa pa chifaniziro wophiphiritsa wa Phiri Kalvare. Nthawi zambiri kuperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a masitepe, amene anayikidwa pansi pa chigaza ndi mafupa. Kumanzere ndi ufulu Mtanda chitsanzo bango ndi chinkhupule ndi mkondo.

Aliyense wa zinthu izi ziyenera kwambiri tanthauzo achipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, chigaza ndi crossbones. Malinga ndi mwambo Woyera, ndi nsembe ya magazi Mpulumutsi, wokhetsedwa pa mtanda, kugwa pamwamba pa Gologota, anali zinawukhira mu kuya kwake, kumene mtembo wa kholo lathu Adamu, natsuka iwo ndi temberero la tchimo lobadwa nalo. Motero, fanizo la chigaza ndi mafupa a Khristu anatsindika ubale wa wozunzidwayo upandu Adamu ndi Hava, komanso New Testament - Chakale.

Tanthauzo la fano mkondo pa mtanda wa Kalvari

Eyiti Orthodox mtanda miinjiro kumene kumakhala Amonke nthawi zonse limodzi ndi zithunzi za ndodo ndi chinkhupule ndi mkondo. Bwino ndi mawu a Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane bwino anakumbukira zonse za sewero pamene m'modzi wa asilikali wachiroma, dzina lake Longinus anamulasa chida nthiti ndi Mpulumutsi Wathu ku bala munatuluka mwazi ndi madzi. nkhani imeneyi ali ndi kutanthauzira osiyana, koma anthu ambiri opezeka m'mabuku a zaumulungu Mkhristu ndi katswiri wa za IV m'ma St. Augustine.

M'bukuli iye analemba kuti monga m'mbali mwa ogona Adamu Mulungu analenga Hava mkwatibwi momwemo kwa chilonda mu mbali mwa Yesu Kristu, anakumana ndi wankhondo mkondo, mkwatibwi wake mpingo unakhazikitsidwa. Khwalala ndi magazi ndi madzi, malinga ndi St. Augustine umasonyeza ndi masakramenti - Ukalistia, vinyo anamasuliridwa mu mwazi wa Ambuye, ndi Epiphany, imene munthu aliyense walowa mu mpingo, kumizidwa m'madzi Hot. Mkondo, umene ntchito kwa chilonda, ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zakale zofunika kwambiri za Chikhristu, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti panopa akukhala Vienna, ndi Hofburg m'linga.

Ubwino atali chithunzi siponji

Ofunika ndi atali chithunzi siponji. Kuyambira nkhani za oyera alaliki tikudziwa kuti Khristu anapachikidwa kawiri anapereka kumwa. Mbali yoyamba izo vinyo wosakaniza ndi mule, amene chakumwa zachakumwa kwa kuzimiririka ululu amalola, chotero kuwonjezera chilango.

Mu nthawi yachiwiri, iye anamva kulira pamtanda "Ndimva ludzu", Iye anabweretsa chinkhupule ndi vinyo wosasa ndi ya ndulu. Icho chinali ndithudi kunyazitsa munthu wotopa komanso zinathandiza kuti mapeto akuyandikira. Nthawi zonse, ndi ozunza ntchito chinkhupule anapachikidwa pa ndodo, chifukwa popanda thandizo ake sakanakhoza kufika m'kamwa mwa atampachika Yesu. Ngakhale ngati mbali zakuda inaperekedwa kwa Ayudawo, zinthu izi, komanso mkondo, anali m'gulu la tiakachisi zaa Chikiristu, ndi fano Tingaone pafupi ndi mtanda wa Kalvari.

Zolembedwa ophiphiritsa pa kumene kumakhala Amonke mtanda

Amene poyamba amaona kumene kumakhala Amonke eyiti Orthodox mtanda, pali mafunso okhudzana ndi zolemba yolembedwa zambiri. Makamaka izi IC ndi XC pa malekezero a bala pakati. Makalata amenewa kuima china chirichonse kuposa dzina chidule - Iisus Hristos. Komanso, chifaniziro cha mtanda limodzi ndi awiri ili pansi pa zolemba pakati bala - chizindikiro cha mawu Asilavo "Mwana wa Mulungu" ndi Greek Nike, kutanthauza "wopambana".

Pa mtanda kakang'ono, kufanizira, monga tatchulazi, phale ndi lolembedwa yotentha ndi Pontiyo Pilato, kawirikawiri olembedwa Asilavo ІNTSІ chidule kutanthauza mawu "Yesu Mnazareti, Mfumu ya Ayuda", ndipo pa izo - ". Mfumu ya Ulemerero" Near mikondo chithunzi kukhala mwambo kulemba kalata K, ndi za atali T. Komanso, pafupifupi m'zaka za m'ma XVI, anayamba kulemba patsinde pa mtanda kumanzere ndi makalata ml RB Kulondola. Komanso acronym, ndi mawu limatanthauza "Malo a Chigaza, Fast anapachikidwa."

Kuwonjezera zizindikiro, tiyenera kutchula makalata awiri G, ataima pa lamanzere ndi lamanja la fano wa Kalvare, ndi kulowa mu dzina lake, komanso D ndi A - Mutu wa Adamu utoto m'mbali a Chigaza, ndi mawu akuti "Mfumu ya Ulemerero," ndi yokoma kumene kumakhala Amonke eyiti Orthodox kupandira. Mtengo wa chibadidwe iwo, ndi kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi Uthenga malemba, koma kulemba enieni akhoza zosiyanasiyana ndipo m'malo ndi ena.

Chosafa chopatsika mwa chikhulupiriro

M'pofunikanso kumvetsa chifukwa chake dzina la mtanda eyiti Orthodox zogwirizana ndi dzina la St. Lazaro? Yankho la funso limeneli lili mu masamba a Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane ananena za chozizwitsa cha kuuka kwake kwa akufa, Yesu Khristu anachita, pa tsiku lachinayi atamwalira. Ikuimira apa ndi zoonekeratu: mmene Lazaro anaukitsidwa moyo mwa chikhulupiriro alongo ake Marita ndi Mariya mphamvuzonse Yesu, ndipo aliyense amene akhulupilira mwa Mpulumutsi, adzapulumuka m'manja mwa imfa.

Zachabechabe a anthu padziko lapansi moyo simungakwanitse Mwana wa Mulungu, koma iwo chopatsika zizindikiro zake zachipembedzo. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi asanu ndi atatu Orthodox mtanda, kuipa, mawonekedwe onse ndi katundu zamalankhulidwe amene anali nkhani imeneyi. Iye limodzi ndi munthu wa chikhulupiriro mu moyo. wosasintha Woyera, kumene Sacramenti ya ubatizo umatsegula zitseko za mpingo wake wa Khristu, mpaka likuyamba pa manda mwala eyiti Orthodox mtanda.

Pectoral chizindikiro cha moyo wachikhristu

Mwambo kuvala mtanda ochepa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, anaonekera okha pa chiyambi cha m'ma IV. Ngakhale kuti chida chachikulu cha chilakolako Khristu anali chinthu cholambiridwa onse otsatira ake zaka zoyambirira kwambiri za kukhazikitsidwa kwa Mpingo wa Chikhristu padziko lapansi, pachiyambi anaganiza kuti asavale padziko mitanda khosi ndi medallions ndi chithunzi cha Mpulumutsi.

Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti nthawi ya chizunzo zimene zinachitika pakati pa ine ndi pamaso pa chiyambi cha m'ma IV, anali ofera zaufulu amene akufuna kumva zowawa chifukwa cha Khristu ndi ntchito chithunzi cha mtanda ndekha pamphumi. Ndi chizindikiro ici, iwo apfunza kenako adampereka kuzunzika ndi imfa. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity mu kuvala mtanda monga chipembedzo cha boma unali mwambo, mu nthawi yomweyo, iwo anayamba kuikidwa pa denga la kachisi.

Awiri mitundu ya mtanda in Ancient Lazaro

Mu Russia, zizindikiro za chikhulupiliro cha chikhristu anaonekera 988, molumikizana ndi ubatizo wake. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti makolo athu anatengera kwa Byzantines mitundu iwiri mtanda. Mmodzi wa iwo ntchito kufooka pa chifuwa, pansi zovala zanu. Mitanda imeneyi ankatchedwa zovala zosalowa.

Pamodzi ndi iwo, panali otchedwa encolpion - komanso mitanda, koma penapake zazikulu, ndipo ankavala pa zovala. anachokera, ali ndi mwambo kuvala reliquary ndi zotsalira, zimene anali chokongoletsedwa ndi mtanda. Pa nthawi encolpion lidzasinthidwa pectoral mitanda wa ansembe ndi metropolitans.

The chizindikiro chachikulu cha umunthu ndi anthu

Pa zaka zimene kuchokera pamenepo, pamene Dnieper gombe aunika kuwala kwa mpingo wachikhristu mwambo Orthodox ali kusanduka m'njira zambiri. Inviolable kusiya okha ziphunzitso zake zachipembedzo ndi zofunika za ophiphiritsa, amene waukulu kukhala mtanda eyiti Orthodox.

Golide ndi siliva, mkuwa, kapena chuma ina, kumalimbikitsa wokhulupirira, kuteteza mphamvu zoipa - onse zooneka ndi zosaoneka. Monga za nsembe anabweretsa ndi Khristu mu chipulumutso cha anthu, mtanda wakhala chizindikiro cha umunthu wapamwamba ndi kukonda anthu.