Epicurus 'nzeru ya m'mundamu? "

Epicurus - mlengi wa ziphunzitso wamphamvu Agiriki. Iye ophatikizana chiphunzitso ake ndi mfundo za chikhalidwe ndi ziphunzitso za Aristippus Democritus za maatomu ndi akhale ndi maganizo awo (ngakhale ankawanyoza amatanthauza kalambulabwalo a).

Aatene ndi kubadwa, iye anakulira pachilumba cha ku Samo. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono ankakonda nzeru, ndili ndi zaka 32, analenga sukulu yake ya nzeru, poyamba pa o.Lesbos mu Metelene. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 306 BC Epicurus anasamukira ku Athens, kugula munda ndipo founds sukulu, ndipo akutchedwa "Garden", monga ophunzira ndi otsatira a Epicurus - ". Nzeru ena a m'munda" Epicurus ndi sukulu wake anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa nzeru. Kukhazikika monga gulu la amaganizo amodzi sukulu asanabwere ake, ndipo zinatha bwanji zaka 600, sindinadziwe ndewu ndi kusagwirizana. ophunzira anathera mphunzitsi wake, akale kuti makhalidwe awo ndi kutsatira mfundo wokhazikitsidwa iwo: ". Act ngati inu muyang'ana pa Epicurus" The nzeru za Epicurus - yeniyeni ndi chuma. Iye anakana fatalism (analinganizidwiratu tsoka), kusiya munthu ufulu wosankha ndi kusankha sanamuzindikire milungu. "Dziko la Democritus, komwe chirichonse anakonzeratu, dreary ndi wosasangalala ndipo oipitsitsa hade" - Epicurus kukangana. Quotes ku "mankhwala chetveroyakogo", mfundo zoyambirira za Epicurus:

- "Amulungu musaope";

- "Imfa ayenera Usaope, thangwi" Padakali ndife, kulibe imfa, ndi pamene izo ziri, ndiye sitikhalanso "";

- "Ndi bwino zovuta kukhazikitsa";

- "N'choipa kovuta."

Epicurus kumakana sumafa, koma moyo yokha. Malinga ndi iye moyo - ichi ndi dongosolo wapadera wa maatomu, waung'ono, koma chinthu mwamtheradi weniweni umene wafala thupi zakuthupi. M'chiphunzitso chake Epicurus sikuti cholinga kudziwa choonadi. Cholinga chake - kugwirizanitsa munthu ndi moyo, tichotse ululu ndi kuphunzira amawalandira ndi chimwemwe. "Udindo wa nzeru zapamwamba ndi pafupi udindo wa dokotala," - anati Epicurus. - .. "nzeru Ichi ndi kuthandiza munthu kuchotsa zilakolako zosafunika kuti amayambitsa mavuto mantha osautsa, kuphunzira kukonda angakwanitse, moyo mosavuta komanso mwamtendere zilakolako Human osatha zilakolako zosakwanitsika kuvutika Eesli kuchepetsa kufunitsitsa bwanji nzeru ndi luntha, ndiye zifukwa. kuvutika zochepa. "

nzeru izi za Epicurus kufanana noticeable ndi Chibuda, ndi mfundo zake za Middle Way (popanda kufuna chisangalalo kwambiri, inu simukhala kuvutika kwambiri). kokha pakalibe matenda, mtendere wa mumtima, chikondi cha wochezeka asapita munthu ayenera kukhala osangalala.

Bokosili pakhomo imati sukulu iyi; "Mlendo, apa mudzakhala bwino. The wabwino wapamwamba kwambiri ndiye - kusangalala ". Koma si thupi, matupi zosangalatsa ndi chifukwa, iwo M'malo mwake, natsutsa, monga kwa iwo, nthawi zonse muyenera kulipira. Zotama zosangalatsa wanzeru, mtendere wa mumtima, mogwirizana tokha ndi dziko, chimwemwe zoyankhulirana ndi abwenzi, ndi Chofunika zosangalatsa - ndi moyo. "Moyo chikuperekedwa kutengeka, ndipo iwo sangakhoze kukhala cholakwika," - anati Epicurus. Philosophy, zidalengedwa mwa iye, diverts maganizo a kufunika sekondale pambuyo maganizo. Mokhudzana ndi boma ndi anthu nzeru zapamwamba Pamilunguyo ndi ndale mtima, alibe, kukhulupirira kuti munthu molondola kukhala seclusion. Mu sukulu yake, iye anatenga akazi ndipo ngakhale akapolo. osati kuchita chilichonse monga chonchi mu masukulu ena aumunthu. Chatsopano kunali kuwuka kwa mtengo wa munthu ndi moyo padziko lapansi ndi kulungamitsidwa wa thupi zofuna anthu (maganizo atakambirana ndi a nzeru zapamwamba-humanists wa Chitsitsimutso National).

Patsogolo pa khomo ku sukulu anali atatenga wodzazidwa ndi madzi, ndipo anaphika keke ngati chizindikiro cha zimene munthu amafuna pang'ono ndithu. Mamembala a gulu moyo modzichepetsa ndi wopanda frills. Iwo ophatikizana katundu, izo zikhoza akuchita zopatutsana ndi kukayikirana, malinga ndi Epicurus. The nzeru za Epicurus, kusinthidwa mu Rome ndi France, anali kwambiri pamfundo. Epicureanism ukusiyanirana ziphunzitso za Epicurus ndi pafupi kwenikweni, kani, hedonism.