Endotoxin - ndi ... Exotoxins ndi endotoxins

Mu umodzi wa maufumu a chikhalidwe tichipeza zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi, mabakiteriya olekanitsidwa mu dipatimenti. Ambiri a mitundu kubala mankhwala wapadera mankhwala - exotoxins ndi endotoxins. Gawo lawo, katundu ndi chikoka pa thupi la munthu tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

ndi poizoni Kodi

Zinthu (makamaka mapuloteni chikhalidwe kapena lipopolysaccharide), tochoka bakiteriya selo mu madzimadzi extracellular pambuyo pa imfa yake - ndi endotoxin bakiteriya. Ngati moyo prokaryotic chamoyo umabala mankhwala poizoni mu selo makamu, mu tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso, mankhwala amenewa amatchedwa exotoxins. Iwo ndi mavuto aakulu pa minofu anthu ndi ziwalo, akuti: inactivate dongosolo enzyme pa mlingo ma, kusokoneza kagayidwe. Endotoxin - poizoni, kupereka zopweteka maselo amoyo, ndi ndende wake ndi ochepa kwambiri. Mu tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso kudziwika 60 mankhwala allocated maselo bakiteriya. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Lipopolysaccharide chikhalidwe cha ziphe bakiteriya

Asayansi apeza kuti endotoxin - mankhwala a pogawanikana pamawere nembanemba lakunja mabakiteriya galamu-negative. Ndi zovuta wopangidwa mwa zimam'patsa zovuta ndi zamadzimadzi kuti interacts ndi mtundu yeniyeni ya maselo maselo. kugwirizana tichipeza zigawo zitatu: zamadzimadzi A, Antigen ndi oligosaccharide molekyulu. Ndi mbali yoyamba, kulowa mtsempha wa magazi, kuchititsa zotsatira zowononga kwambiri, kenako zizindikiro zonse za poyizoni akulu: zochitika dyspeptic, hyperthermia, zotupa za chapakati mantha dongosolo. Infection wa endotoxin magazi kumachitika mofulumira kwambiri moti thupi akufotokozera mantha septic.

Chinthu china structural limabweretsa endotoxin - ndi oligosaccharide chikukhudza heptose - C ₇ H ₁₄ O _7. Wotuluka mu m'magazi, ndi disaccharide chapakati akhoza kuyambitsa kuledzera, koma bata kuposa nkhani ya kukhudzana ndi magazi zamadzimadzi A.

Zotsatira za kukhudzana endotoxins mu thupi

Zotsatira ambiri zochita za poizoni bakiteriya pa maselo a trombogemorragichesky syndrome ndi mantha septic. The yoyamba kudwala ukapezeka kulowa zinthu magazi - poizoni kuchepetsa coagulation ake. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka angapo limba, wopangidwa mwa connective minofu - parenchyma, monga mapapo, chiwindi ndi impso. parenchyma awo zimachitika magazi angapo, ndipo Zikavuta - magazi. mtundu wina wa matenda amene amapezeka chifukwa cha zochita za poizoni bakiteriya - ndi septic mantha. Zimadzetsa kuonongeka kwa kuyan'anila za magazi ndi lymph kufalitsa, zotsatira za omwe ali kuyan'anila zoyendera mpweya ndi zakudya ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ndipo zimakhala: ubongo, mapapo, impso, chiwindi.

Munthu kutola zikuchepa chifukwa zizindikiro moyo pachiswe monga dontho mofulumira magazi, hyperthermia ndipo mofulumira osauka pachimake mtima insufficiency. Mwamsanga alowererepo zachipatala (atagwira timadzi ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo) limaleka endotoxin zotsatira ndipo mofulumira amachotsa iwo m'thupi.

exotoxins Otherness

Pamaso ife tikupeza limatchula za mtundu wa ziphe bakiteriya, ife takumbukira kuti endotoxin - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za lysate wa pakhoma khungu la bakiteriya galamu-zoipa akufa. Exotoxins apanga ndi moyo maselo prokaryotic: onse galamu HIV ndi galamu-negative. Kumbali ya kapangidwe mankhwala, ali mapuloteni ochepa ndi kulemera maselo. Amene anganene kuti akuluakulu matenda mawonetseredwe zikuchitika pa matenda anachititsa exotoxins ndendende lethality amene anapanga chifukwa kagayidwe mabakiteriya ambiri.

maphunziro microbiological atsimikizira apamwamba virulence izi mtundu wa poizoni bakiteriya, poyerekeza endotoxin. The causative nthumwi za kafumbata, akuphokosera chifuwa, diphtheria kutulutsa poizoni mapuloteni chikhalidwe. Iwo kuonetsa thermolability ndipo anawononga Kutentha mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera madigiri 70 kuti 95 Celsius kwa mphindi 12-25.

mitundu exotoxins

Gulu la mtundu wa poizoni bakiteriya anamanga mfundo ya mmene pa dongosolo cha ndende. Mwachitsanzo, kusiyanitsa membranotoksiny, iwo kusokoneza khamu selo nembanemba kapena kuphwanya mayamwidwe ndi zoyendera yogwira ayoni kudutsa nembanemba bilayer. Palinso cytotoxins. Iwo ziphe kuchita maselo hyaloplasm ndi kusokoneza zimene kuloŵerera ndi dissimilation kunachitika kagayidwe ma. Other mankhwala - ziphe "ntchito" monga michere, mwachitsanzo, hyaluronidase (neuraminidase). Iwo kuletsa chitetezo cha m'thupi la munthu, amene inactivated kupanga lymphocytes, monocytes ndi macrophages mu mwanabele. Popeza protease wawononga chitetezo choteteza Lecithinase cleaves lecithin, mbali ya ulusi mitsempha. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kusokoneza bioimpulsov, ndipo Motero, kuti kuchepa mu innervation ziwalo ndipo zimakhala.

Cytotoxins atumikire monga detergents, kotero kuti chiwonongeko cha umphumphu wa zamadzimadzi wosanjikiza Kakhungu selo khamu. Komanso, iwo amatha kuphwanyaphwanya, monga maselo munthu mu thupi ndi anzawo - minofu kuchititsa mapangidwe amines biogenic, ndiwo mankhwala a zochita kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kumuonetsa katundu poizoni.

Limagwirira cha zochita za poizoni bakiteriya

maphunziro microbiological anakhazikitsa kuti endotoxin - dongosolo zovuta kupanga awiri pakati maselo. Origin poizoni mankhwala amamangirira ndi lilime yeniyeni selo, ndipo chachiwiri akuwaza Kakhungu chimatilowetsa mwachindunji ku maselo hyaloplasm. Ndi poizoni midadada ya zochita kagayidwe kachakudya: mapuloteni biosynthesis akusinthira ribosomes ndi, ATP kaphatikizidwe yomwe ikuchitika ndi mitochondria, kugawanika zidulo mkati. Mkulu virulence wa mapeputisayidi bakiteriya, pamaso pa kapangidwe mankhwala mamolekyulu awo, chifukwa chakuti ena a poizoni loci ananamizira dongosolo okhudza malo zinthu muchipindachi, monga timene, mahomoni ndi michere. Ichi chizathandiza poizoni "kuti circumvent ma chitetezo" ndipo mofulumira kudutsa mu cytoplasm ake. Choncho, selo disarmed pamaso tizilombo toyambitsa, kuyambira kuthekera kupanga wotaya zinthu zake zoteteza: interferon, Popanga madzi a gamma-globulin, chitetezo. Tikumbukenso kuti katundu wa endotoxins ndi exotoxins ofanana mu kuti mitundu ya poizoni bakiteriya kuchita maselo zenizeni mu thupi, ndiye ndi kulunjika mkulu.