Selo bakiteriya

Mabakiteriya ( "ndodo" kuchokera Greek) amaimira ufumu (gulu) enucleated (prokaryotic), tizilombo, unicellular zambiri. Lero amadziwika ndi anafotokoza mu dongosolo la zikwizikwi za mitundu. Asayansi amati pali zambiri pa milioni.

maselo bakiteriya akhale zozungulira, youmba, ndodo woboola pakati. Nthawi zina kiyubiki, tetrahedral, stellate, ndi O- kapena C woboola mtundu. Maonekedwe Mzimuyo luso wogwidwa ndi selo bakiteriya. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi mawonekedwe, ndi tizilombo nacho pamlingo winawake zoyendayenda, luso angagwirizanitse pamwamba, mayamwidwe wa zakudya kapena mankhwala ena unsembe.

Bakiteriya selo zikuphatikizapo zitatu kuvomerezedwa kapangidwe: Kakhungu cytoplasmic, ribosomes ndi nucleoid.

Kuchokera nembanemba ku mbali lakunja ndi zigawo angapo. Makamaka, pali slimy Mlanduwu, kapisozi, selo khoma. Komanso, kunja anayamba nyumba osiyana pamwamba: villi, michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana. The cytoplasm ndi Kakhungu amaphatikiza mfundo "protoplast".

Selo bakiteriya ndi wokhutira onse okha ndi chilengedwe kunja mwa Kakhungu. Mkati, mu homogeneous nusu ya cytoplasm, ili ndi mapuloteni, sungunuka RNA magawo a kagayidwe kachakudya zochita, zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. Onse a munali zinthu zosiyanasiyana structural.

Selo bakiteriya liribe Kakhungu nyukiliya ndi zina zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana intracytoplasmic, zimene sizinalembedwa lachokera ku Kakhungu cytoplasmic. Komabe, ena prokaryotes lililonse m'dera "lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi" m'chimake chachikulu. Awa "lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi" - mesosoma - ntchito zosiyanasiyana, nadzawasankhula selo bakiteriya m'magulu zimagwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Onse deta zofunika pa moyo, zimene zili mu DNA chomwecho. Khromozomu, womwenso khungu bakiteriya kawirikawiri amakhala wozungulira woboola pakati, covalently chatsekedwa. Panthawi ina DNA Ufumuyo Kakhungu ndi anaikidwa lakutali, koma si wosiyana kukonza cytoplasm. Kapangidwe limeneli limatchedwa "nucleoid". Mu kukodzedwa mawonekedwe bakiteriya khromozomu ali kutalika kuposa millimeter a. Nthawi zambiri akuimira mu buku limodzi. M'mawu ena, pafupifupi onse prokaryotes ndi haploid. Komabe, zinthu zina zapadera, selo bakiteriya akhoza muli makope DNA awo.

La zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa bakiteriya ali khoma selo. Pamodzi ndi izi amafotokozera yogwira structural si chofunika. njira zina prokaryotes akhala zopezera kwa zasayansi zimene khoma kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kwina. mabakiteriya izi zikhoza kukhalapo m'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, koma nthawi zina, atasiya kugawikana. Mu chikhalidwe, pali gulu la prokaryotes, amene mulibe mu dongosolo mpanda wake.

Kapisozi - padziko kunja kwa wosanjikiza amorphous akhoza kuwataya pa khoma. zigawo Mucous anasiyanitsidwa ndi bakiteriya ndi zosavuta zokwanira, alibe kugwirizana ndi selo. Milandu komanso ndi dongosolo labwino, si amorphous.

Wofalitsa mabakiteriya ikuchitika mwa mawonekedwe ena ofanana ndi, bayinare fission kapena budding ya pamtanda. magulu osiyanasiyana Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana magawano. Mwachitsanzo, mu cyanobacteria kubalana amapezeka m'mabaibulo angapo - angapo motsatizana bayinare fission. Chifukwa ndi anayi zikwi tizilombo atsopano. Iwo ndi njira yapadera imene anaonetsetsa genotype plasticity anafunika kuti azolowere kusintha kwa chilengedwe kunja ndi kusanduka.