Encapsulation - ndi chiyani ichi? Encapsulation mu mapulogalamu

Encapsulation - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zitatu zikuluzikulu zomwe chinthu wokonda mapulogalamu (OOP). Ena awiri - polymorphism cholowa. Pamodzi iwo amapanga PLO chimango amene ataya osiyanasiyana mbali ya mapulogalamu kulemba zinenero zosiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zitatu izi. zinenero chinthu olaula, nayenso, akuyenera kuti mosamalitsa kutsatira iwo.

OOP ndizosowa

Chinthu wokonda mapulogalamu pa zipilala atatu a chilengedwe chake:

• Polymorphism, mafunso mmene makamaka chinenero mapulogalamu amachita ndi zinthu zimene kukhala ndi ubale ndi wina ndi mnzake, zochitika za ngati zomwezi.
• Cholowa, kupereka yankho, kodi kukondoweza mwa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo reusable.
• Encapsulation, ndilo yankho la funso kubisa kukhazikitsa udzachitika, motero kukhulupirika deta.

terminology

Encapsulation (mapulogalamu) - kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi modifiers kuti isachitidwe zidutswa za malamulo ku wosuta mapeto. Pansi pake, nayenso, amatanthauza mapulogalamu kapena cholowa malo.

Akamanena za maganizo "encapsulation"

tanthawuzo n'chakuti kuti ndi encapsulation anatanthauza kubisala onse kapena mbali ya malamulo pulogalamu. Akamanena za maganizo "encapsulation" ndi kupezerera mwayi modifiers. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mapulogalamu akhoza kusankha katundu, njira, ndi makalasi adzatsegulidwa kuti kasitomala kalasi, ndipo kodi - zibisika.

mwayi modifiers

Pali mwayi modifiers, zomwe, mwa zinthu zina, amatha manipulyarivat encapsulation (Java mapulogalamu):

• onse ( "Public" - anthu, mwayi lotseguka) - gawo makalasi onse panopa ndi zinthu, ndi kwa dziko lakunja;
• mseri ( "prayvat" - payekha, mabungwe, mwayi chobisika) - anatseka mwayi, akamanena za zomwe kwathunthu osiyana wina m'mbuyomu. Imakhala kupeza okha ku kalasi panopa;
• kutetezedwa ( "protekted" - kumuteteza theka zobisika mwayi) - Access kwa kalasi panopa ndi ena ofanana;
• kusakhulupirika - mosadziwika mwayi modifier zikutanthauza kuti munda / njira Tingaone kuti makalasi onse ziliri pa phukusi.

Mu C # chinenero ( "Si akuthwa"), kuwonjezera pamwamba (kupatula otsiriza), pali akadali modifiers:

• mkati ( "mkati" - kupeza mkati) - kugula mu msonkhano panopa, mwayi m'nyumba milandu ena onse;
• mkati kutetezedwa ( "mkati protekted" - mkati Otetezedwa Access) - mgwirizano wa modifiers awiri ina imene kuwonetseredwa katundu wa onse a iwo.

Udindo wa encapsulation

encapsulation limagwirira kumatha chikoka kunja pa malamulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito deta anapatsa izo. Izi ikukwaniritsa kaphatikizidwe malamulo ndi deta chimodzi.

Chinthu ndi encapsulation

Yonseyi kukhazikitsa ndi gawo mapulogalamu ndi deta ophatikizidwa code, mapulogalamu amatchedwa chinthu. Akamanena za kugwirizana kwake ndi encapsulation ndi njira yotero amalola kukhala ndi kuonetsetsa umphumphu wa ntchito limagwirira lapansi.

The ntchito encapsulation

Encapsulation - njira wosalira ndondomeko kabisidwe. mizere zambiri za malamulo ndi "mseri," ndipo mu ntchito yaikulu kalasi ati sakugwirizana ndi nthawi.

Lingaliro la chitetezo deta

Encapsulation - kumakhalanso limagwirira kuti amadziŵa lingaliro chitetezo deta. Program mfundo chinthu wokonda mapulogalamu wamangidwa pa maziko a zimene ambiri deta adzakhala chobisika mwayi modifier mseri (payekha, mabungwe) kapena kutetezedwa (otetezedwa). Dziko kunja, makasitomala mwangozi kapena mwadala sadzakhala kuwononga kukhazikitsa gawo pulogalamu. Chifukwa kwenikweni zikhale zosavuta kwambiri ngakhale pa cholinga, encapsulation - izi ndi mfundo zabwino kwambiri.

encapsulation wagawo

Maphunziro, monga gulu mfundo zikuluzikulu za encapsulation ndipo limafotokoza deta zizindikiro code, okhoza kugwira ntchito deta izi. Iye alinso maziko yomanga chinthu. inawo, nayenso zikufotokozedwa monga chitsanzo ichi.

Komanso ntchito terminology zotsatirazi:

• mamembala - ichi ndi malamulo ndi deta m'gulu kalasi;
• minda kapena Mwachitsanzo zosintha - otchedwa deta kuti imalongosola kalasi;
• ntchito membala - iwo ali malamulo lokha. ntchito membala - dzina wamba. Nkhani wapadera - njira.

Mwachitsanzo encapsulation yeniyeni

Encapsulation (mapulogalamu) Mwachitsanzo:

* Chidziwitso:

mafotokozedwe - ikulongosola za njira / katundu / variable, mwachitsanzo ndemanga pa zomwe kwenikweni zimachitika mu pulogalamuyi. Iwo anasonyeza mwa kutsegula / Tags kutseka

ntchito System;

namespace OOPLibrary.Auto

{

///

/// kalasi Izi anafuna kufotokoza kanthu galimoto

///

kalasi anthu Auto

{

///

/// zosintha analengedwa kuti kulemba izo, zaka zingati galimoto, kuyambira kusokonezedwa kunja mu mapulogalamu katundu amaona superfluous

/// modifier ikusonyezedwa payekha, i.e. anatsekedwa mwayi mseri (onani. The malongosoledwe pamwamba).

///

paokha Int _age;

///

/// A Buliyani (awiri Zimatheka mfundo - inde kapena ayi), amene amafotokoza ngati galimoto ikuyenda pa mphindi

/// Tiyeneranso kukhala omasuka wosuta yotsiriza, aliyense yemwe iye anali. Choncho variable izi akapatsidwa wapadera mwayi modifier "prayvat"

///

paokha bool _isMoving;

///

/// Izi variable chingwe ayenera kukhala ndi mfundo zokhudza mtundu wa galimoto. Izo zikhoza kusintha ndi zinthu kunja

/// chifukwa cha mtundu modifier anasankha mwayi lotseguka kwa "anthu".

///

chingwe anthu Mtundu;

///

/// Mu nkhani imeneyi, tiyenera kuganiza kuti dzina la galimoto, nawonso tidzasandulika

/// anatuma modifier cha anthu (mwayi lotseguka kwa onse, kaya akhale a kalasi kapena msonkhano).

///

anthu Dzina chingwe;

///

/// Atsegula kalasi constructor, ndi katundu onse a variable lofotokozeredwa ndipo anapereka pang'ono kale, kupeza mfundo zawo

///

anthu Auto ()

{

_age = 5;

_isMoving = wabodza;

Mtundu = "Pepo";

Name = "Skoda Octavia";

}

///

/// njira akudziwanso kubwerera kufunika kwa zaka galimoto. N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zili zofunika?

/// mwayi payekha modifier sizikupanga n'zotheka kusintha kasitomala.

///

/// MBABWERERA zaka galimoto.

chingwe anthu GetAge ()

{

udzabwerera "Pa nthawi, makina anasankha" + _age + "zaka.";

}

///

/// Ngati galimoto chikubwera, njira imeneyi zipangizo chiyambi cha gululi. Macheke variable oboznalsya, mkhalidwe wa galimoto (oyendayenda kapena ayi), ndipo, malingana ndi zotsatira, yoyenera kanthu / uthenga ikusonyezedwa.

///

opanda anthu Start ()

{

ngati (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "kayendedwe The kale anayamba");

}

china

{

_isMoving = woona;

Console.WriteLine ( "Okonzeka, Anatipatsa .. Pitani kutali!");

}

}

///

/// Ngati anayambitsa anali anayambitsa, njira imeneyi mabasi iye. Yemweyo pulogalamu mfundo monga mmene zinalili m'mbuyomu ankaona.

///

anthu opanda Lekani ()

{

ngati (_isMoving)

{

_isMoving = wabodza;

Console.WriteLine ( "Lekani Machine");

}

china

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Cholakwika galimoto ndi kuima, Usaigwedezere");

}

}

///

/// akuyendera kumanja, ngati pali galimoto

///

anthu opanda MoveLeft ()

{

ngati (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "kumanja zimachitidwa");

}

china

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Cholakwika galimoto n'kupuma kasinthasintha Mbali panopa palibe.");

}

}

///

/// A njira zofanana ndi Right

///

anthu opanda MoveRight ()

{

ngati (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "Tembenukani yagwiridwira bwinobwino");

}

china

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Cholakwa galimoto ali osasunthika kuchokera pamalo Kutembenuza pomwe izo pa mphindi kanthu, n'zosatheka kuchita ..");

}

}

}

}