Ulendo pa Intaneti. Ulalo-adiresi

Ntchito Intaneti afala kuti nthawi zambiri sitikumana kuganiza kuti ife za cholinga tanthauzo la zida zimene tingagwiritse ntchito nthawi zonse. Pamene mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana, sikokwanira aliyense amachititsa mavuto. Mwina tili okonzeka muiike mu osatsegula, download mapulogalamu, mu bokosi loyenera pa Web Seva wanu, etc., Kapena paokha kupeza izo, nthawi zambiri pamwamba m'munda yoyenera osatsegula. Motero mawu akuti "kugwirizana" ndi wosuta pafupifupi sayambitsa mavuto alionse, koma pamene funso ndi kupeza ulalo-adiresi, n'kutheka kuti ena chifukwa mavuto ena.

Pakati pake penipeni, awiri ali pafupi kwambiri. Ulalo zikuwoneka palibe wosiyana mayinawa code, zomwe ife zambiri kuitana pamene pakuyenerera. Maonekedwe a ulalo (ndi chidule cha dzina zonse yunifolomu Resource Locator) dziko mangawa Tim Berners-Lee, amene amadziwika kuti tigawane naye Geneva European Council Research m'munda nyukiliya. Zikuoneka ulalo-adiresi mu 1990 monga njira mwachindunji maadiresi file Kugawilidwa kwanthaka, ndiye izo ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha malo a pa Intaneti gwero pa Intaneti. Ulalo tichipeza dzina la wapamwamba mwachindunji, njira tsamba ndipo ankalamulira.

Mwa ubwino ambiri wogwidwa ulalo-adiresi, sangathe yaikulu ndi ntchito m'kati akulankhula yekha ndi Latin zilembo, ndi zambiri yochepa ya zizindikiro. Ntchito zilembo sanali m'gulu mndandanda, kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mchikakamizo cha aligorivimu kabisidwe ntchito chimachitika hexadecimal. Pankhaniyi, ulalo-adiresi ya munthu watha ndi aziwakonda onse ndipo umaimira ya manambala ndi zilembo wapadera.

Ndithudi, izi zilili kwambiri kungapondereze zilankhulo zina, zomwe zinachititsa kuti zikamera a m'mayiko malo chizindikiro IRI kudzera umene uli kale kupezeka ntchito zilembo aliyense Unicode.

Monga tanena kale, ulalo-adiresi tichipeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana mokakamizidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa protocol wolembedwa, namtsata ndi m'matumbo slashes awiri mwa khamu ayenera mumsewu ankalamulira ndi doko, kenako kupyolera limodzi okonda n'chakuti njira ndi file dzina mwachindunji yokha.

Pansi protocol kuti ntchito zitanthauza mtundu wa utumiki Internet. Childs, izi HTTP. ntchito zake wamba tsamba, mfundo iyi si encrypted. Https protocol chuma akutsatira otetezedwa. Pamene akugwira ntchito ndi iwo, encrypts zinthu zonse kuti opatsirana. Ngati chinaneneratu protocol FTP, zikutanthauza kuti potsegula ndi katundu ikuchitika mwachindunji ku makina kumene malo ili. Chizindikiro file ntchito kufufuza owona pa kompyuta.

Khamu ankalamulira anatsimikiza ndi khamu (kwa makamu HTTP ndi kusakhulupirika - www). Ankalamulira - dzina ankalamulira ntchito pa intaneti. Pansi pa doko kumvetsa doko chiwerengero khamu (pofikira HTTP - 80). njira, monga kulondola njira mogometsa dongosolo file kompyuta, limasonyeza mayikidwe a tsamba pa makina (sangakhale alipo pamene chikalata mu lowongolera muzu wa malo a). filename mwachindunji dzina chikalata kapena gwero.