Dzina lake Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Nkhani yaikulu zilandiridwenso wa olemba anakhala Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. A ngwazi msilikali Vasily Terkin analenga kunali kutchuka yaikulu, tikhoza kunena, izo amene anaposa wolemba. Moyo ndi ntchito ya wolemba Soviet zodabwitsa tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: yonena

Malo amene ndakatulo mu chakale kalembedwe 8 June (June 21 - latsopano) mu 1910 m'mudzi wa Zagorje, omwe ali m'chigawo cha Smolensk. atate wake, Trifon Gordeevich, anali wosula, ndi amake Maria Mitrofanovna ngati banja la smallholders (alimi amene anali kunja kwa mzinda wa Russia ndi anafunika kusamala malire ake).

bambo ake, ngakhale wamba chiyambi cha moyo wake, anali munthu kulemba ndi kuwerenga ndipo ankakonda kuwerenga. M'nyumba anathamangitsidwa mabuku ngakhale. Athe kuwerenga ndi amayi a wolemba m'tsogolo.

Pa m'bale Alesandro wamng'ono Ivan, anabadwa mu 1914, amene anadzakhala wolemba.

ubwana

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ntchito za upamwamba Russian wa nyumba anakumana dzina lake Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Mwachidule yonena za wolemba limatiuza kuti banja Twardowski unali mwambo - madzulo yozizira, munthu makolo kuwerenga mokweza Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin. Izo zinali ndiye kuthi kukonda Twardowski mabuku anayamba kulemba ndime yoyamba, koma osati kwenikweni kuphunzira kulemba mwaluso.

Alexander anaphunzira yaing'ono sukulu kumidzi, ndipo zaka khumi ndi zinayi anayamba kutumiza ku nyuzipepala m'dera lanu buku la zolemba laling'ono, ena a iwo ngakhale asindikizidwa. Posachedwa Twardowski amadzinenera kutumiza ndi ndakatulo. Mkonzi wa nyuzipepala "Ntchito Njira" kanthu wamba amathandiza achinyamata ndakatulo, ndiponso m'njira zambiri zinamuthandiza kuthetsa manyazi ake achilengedwe nayamba kulalikira.

Smolensk-Moscow

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale anasamukira ku Smolensk dzina lake Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky (mbiri ndi ntchito ali m'nkhani ino). Apa wolemba tsogolo ankafuna kapena kupitiriza kuphunzira kapena kupeza ntchito, koma palibe mmodzi kapena ena singatheke - kunafuna osachepera mtundu wa zapaderazi zimene anachita ayi.

Twardowski anakhala pa makobidi amene anabweretsa anasintha zasungidwa zolembalemba, chifukwa amene anali kubweza pamakomo osiyanasiyana. Kamodzi likulu, ndakatulo "October" magazini a ndakatulo iyi zasindikizidwa, iye anapita ku Moscow, koma apa si mwayi anamwetulira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mu 1930, Twardowski anakakamizika kubwerera ku Smolensk, komwe anakhala zaka sikisi zotsatira za moyo wake. Pa nthawi imeneyi anali anatha kulowa Institute Pedagogical, amene sanamalize, ndipo anapitanso ku Moscow, kumene mu 1936 iye anavomereza kuti MIFLI.

M'zaka zimenezi, Twardowski chakhala mwachangu komanso tinkawasindikiza ndi mu 1936 anafalitsa ndakatulo "Dziko Nyerere" anadzipereka ku collectivization kuti namukweza. anabwera m'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo Tvardovsky "Chronicle Rural" mu 1939.

zaka nkhondo

Mu 1939 iye anali usilikali mu Red Army dzina lake Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Wambiri ya wolemba pa mfundo zinasintha mwadzidzidzi - ali pa malo a ntchito asilikali kumadzulo Belarus. "Red Army" Popeza 1941, Twardowski ntchito mu Voronezh nyuzipepala.

Nthawiyi amakhala ndi maluwa a zilandiridwenso wa wolemba. Kuwonjezera ndakatulo odziwika "Vasily Terkin" Twardowski amalenga "Frontline Chronicle" mkombero wa ndakatulo ndi akuyamba ntchito pa ndakatulo wotchuka "Road House", umene unakwaniritsidwa mu 1946.

"Vasily Terkin"

Wambiri Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha muli zosiyanasiyana zikayenda kulenga, koma lalikulu la iwo ndi kulemba ndakatulo "Vasily Terkin". ntchito cholembedwa mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, yomwe 1941 mpaka 1945. Atalemba mu tiziduswa tating'ono ting'ono mu nyuzipepala asilikali, potero kuukitsa makhalidwe a asilikali Soviet.

Ntchito amakhala ndi yeniyeni, yomveka bwino ndiponso yosavuta kalembedwe, chitukuko mofulumira zochita. Aliyense yanthaŵi ndakatulo chokhudzana ndi mzake okha njira protagonist. Twardowski ananena kuti ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti iye ndi owerenga akhoza kutayika nthawi ina iliyonse, choncho aliyense nkhani chiyenera kutsirizidwa mu nkhani yomweyi nyuzipepala, amene wakhala anayambitsa.

nkhani zimenezi zinachititsa Twardowski mpatuko wolemba mu nkhondo. Komanso, ndakatulo iyi anali kupereka ku ntchito ya dongosolo la nkhondo dziko lawo, 1 ndi 2 digiri na-.

Post-nkhondo ntchito

Akupitiriza yogwira zolembalemba ntchito nkhondo itatha, dzina lake Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo iyi ndi lowonjezera polemba ndakatulo latsopano "Pakuti kutali - mtunda", umene unalembedwa mu nthawi kuyambira 1950 mpaka 1960.

Kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1969, wolemba ntchito pa ntchito autobiographical a "kukumbukira Human." Ndakatulo limatiuza zoona zake za tsogolo la Twardowski bambo ake, omwe anakhala kapolo wa collectivization ndipo anamangidwa. ntchito wakhala zoletsedwa kwa buku kufufuza ndi owerenga anatha naye yekha mu 1987. Kulemba ndakatulo imeneyi kwambiri asokoneza asapita Twardowski akuluakulu Soviet.

zokumana olemera ndi prosaic yonena Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha. Zofunika kwambiri, kumene linalembedwa mu mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, koma linasindikizidwa anthologies angapo nkhani prose. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1947, iye anabwera knika "kwawo ndi dziko lachilendo" anadzipereka ku Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

"Dziko Latsopano"

Musaiwale za ntchito journalistic la wolemba. Kwa zaka zambiri anatumikira monga mkonzi wamkulu wa magazini zolembalemba "New World" dzina lake Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. The yonena za nyengo imeneyi zonse osiyanasiyana mwansanga ndi kufufuza nduna - kotero inu kuteteza ufulu kufalitsa kwa olemba ambiri aluso. Kafukufuku wotsimikizira Twardowski anasindikizidwa mankhwala Solzhenitsyn Zalygin, Akhmatova Troepol'skaya, Molsaeva, Bunin neri Al.

Pang'onopang'ono, magazini anakhala otsutsa kwambiri ulamuliro wa Soviet Union. Linkapanga olemba zaka zao za sikisite ndi poyera odana Stalin maganizo. Real chigonjetso cha Twardowski anali chilolezo kwa buku la nkhani Solzhenitsyn a.

Komabe, pambuyo kuchotsa kope Khrushchev la "New World" anayamba kuchita khama kuthamanga amphamvu. Anafikira kuti Twardowski anauzidwa kuti achoke malo a mkonzi wamkulu mu 1970.

zaka Last ndi imfa

Kuti zibwere mapeto a mbiri ya. Dzina lake Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky amene imfa anali pachibwenzi December 18, 1971 Chaka, anamwalira ndi kansa ya m'mapapo. Wolemba anafa m'tauni ya Red Pakhra, limene lili m'chigawo Moscow. thupi wolemba anaikidwa Novodevichy manda.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Tvardovsky anakhala wolemera ndi zokongola moyo ndipo anasiya zolembalemba cholowa agromnoe. Ambiri mwa ntchito zake zinalembedwa mu maphunziro a kusukulu, ndi kukhala otchuka lero.