Dzina la beetle wofiira ndi madontho wakuda?

Anthu ambiri amayamikira tizilombo, osakayikira kuti zina zimawononga kwambiri mbewu zaulimi. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 760 ya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, pakati pawo ndi kafadala - opitirira 300,000.

Kukonzekera kwa kafadala kumagawidwa mu magawo atatu: mabomba akale, odyetsa komanso otsutsa. Poyambirira, ikuyimiridwa mozama m'mbuyomo, pali mitundu ingapo yokhayo yomwe ilipo lero, koma ndizoyambira kwa zina ziwiri. Pakati pa mitundu yosiyana siyana, mosiyana ndi zobiriwira, pali zofiira zofiira ndi madontho wakuda ndipo, mosiyana, zakuda ndi mawanga ofiira.

Nkhaniyi imapereka chidziwitso pa zomwe zimapezeka komanso zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Chidziwitso chochuluka pa nyongolotsi

Tisanayambe kudziwa kuti tizilombo tating'alu tating'onoting'ono timatchedwa, timaphunzira kuti tizilomboti timakhala ndi tizilomboti.

Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi m'madera onse a nthaka ndi madzi - mumtunda, m'zipululu, m'mapiri, m'nkhalango, m'madzi atsopano, komanso ngakhale anthu okhalamo.

Mbalame iliyonse imasiyana mosiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe. Zina ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri moti siziwoneka, ena, mwachitsanzo, ngati kachilomboka ka Goliath, akhoza kufika kutalika kwa sentimita 15.

Mbali za kapangidwe ka kafadala

Chiberekero chofiira chokhala ndi madontho wakuda pa mapiko (omwe asonyezedwa pa chithunzi chili m'munsimu), monga mitundu yonse ya maluwa, ali ndi zigawo zake zokha. Chinthu chachikulu chodziwika bwino cha nyongolotsi ndi cholimba komanso cholimba pamaso pa mapiko (kapena elytra), mu dziko lopangidwa kupanga chigoba chotchedwa chitinous, kuteteza mapaipi awiri ochepa kwambiri - mapepala.

Pali zolengedwa zambiri padziko lapansi zomwe zimafuna kudya mbozi, kuti wachiwiri ayenera kupeza zida zankhondo zoteteza thupi. Mofanana ndi tizilombo tonse, tizilomboti timakhala ndi mutu, thora (mimba) ndi chifuwa. Nsagwada zawo (awiri okhawo awiriwa) ali amphamvu kwambiri ndi amphamvu. Ambiri a nyamakazi amakhala ndi maso abwino, koma ambiri amadalira ziwalo zovuta zogwira - zimbalangondo zimakhala pambali mwa mutu wawo.

Mtima uli mkati mwa mimba, ndipo umatetezedwa ndi thabwa la thoracic (pronotum). Komanso m'mimba muli matumbo, m'mimba komanso kupuma kwathunthu.

Mbalame zambiri zimakhala ndi mapaundi awiri a mapiko, omwe m'munsimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pawuluka, atabisala pansi pamtunda wotchedwa elytra. Asanatuluke, kachilomboka kamakwera kanyumba kameneka, ndipo kenaka imafalikira mapiko ake odalirika, mapiko ochepa.

Zonsezi, monga tizilombo tina, kachilomboka kamakhala ndi miyendo 6 yokhazikika pamtundu wa thoracic.

Banja la ladybugs

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti timadziwika bwino ngakhale kwa ana ang'onoang'ono. Iwo amadziwika bwino chifukwa chosowa mantha kwa anthu komanso mtundu wawo wofiira.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mbalame yaing'ono (beetle yofiira ndi madontho wakuda), yomwe imakhala yofiira zisanu ndi ziwiri, ngakhale kuti mitundu yawo ndi yosiyanasiyana, imadziwika.

Pafupifupi, pali mitundu 5,200 padziko lonse la banja la Ladybirds, m'banja la Hardwing. Motero, achibale awo ali mitundu yambiri ya kafadala. Anthu ena ali ndi mtundu wofiira ndi madontho wakuda, ena mmalo mwa mawanga amakhala ndi mawanga osasintha, ena - wakuda ndi mawanga ofiira. Zosowa kwambiri, koma pali ladybugs monochrome, ndi mtundu wakuda.

Kusanthula kwa amayi

Izi ndizing'onoting'ono zofiira ndi madontho wakuda (chithunzichi chikhoza kuoneka pansipa) ndi thupi lozungulira. Gawo la pansi la miyendo yawo ndi lopanda pake. Maonekedwe omwe ali nawo ndi amtundu wofiira, wakuda ndi wachikasu. Mutu ndi waung'ono. Zingwe zochepa, zoonda, zakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 5-8 mm.

M'nyengo yozizira, tizilombo timene timakonda kutenthedwa ndi kutentha: zimayenda mofulumira, zimachoka mwamsanga ndikukhalanso pansi pa zomera pofunafuna chakudya. Kuthamanga kwawo n'kosavuta, mofulumira ndi chete.

Kawirikawiri, ozunzidwa ndi azimayi aakazi amakhala tizilombo tosakwanira, motero kusaka kwa iwo kumangodya wodwalayo.

Kufalitsa, zida

Kugawidwa ndi nsikidzi zapadziko lonse lapansi. Amakhala kumayiko onse padziko lapansi, kupatula ku Antarctica. Mbalame zam'mlengalenga zimakhala m'madera otsekemera ndi zomera zobiriwira - minda, minda, madera a nkhalango, steppes, nkhalango zambiri. Kuwombera mawonekedwe pokhapokha m'nyengo yozizira, choncho amakhala yekha. Pofunafuna chakudya, amawuluka pambali ndi masamba, ndipo amatha kuyenda pamtunda wautali.

Chidziwikiritso cha mabwatowa ndi chakuti, ngati pangozi, amachotsa madzi obiriwira, owopsa, achikasu omwe amatsutsa adani. Mitundu yochepa chabe ya mabomba ameneŵa ndi owopsa kwa mbewu. Zotsalira (mitundu yowonongeka) zimawononga mitengo yamtengo wapatali, nsabwe za m'masamba, masamba ndi masamba ena a mbewu ndi munda.

Sikuti nthawi zonse nkhono yofiira imakhala ndi madontho wakuda (chithunzi chikuwonetsa). Mitundu ina imakhala ndi chovala chachikasu ndi zida zakuda, zina ndizozida zakuda ndi madontho ofiira. Palinso nkhwangwa zoyera! Zonsezi ndizinyama zachichepere zomwe zasintha kuchokera ku pupa. Okalamba, mtundu womwe amawoneka pambuyo pa maola angapo atabadwa.

Zosiyanasiyana

Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya azimayi aakazi, paliponse, monga taonera pamwamba, sizirombo zofiira ndi madontho wakuda, komanso zakuda ndi zofiira.

1. Nkhumba zowonjezera zinayi ndi kachilomboka kakuda ndi 4 mabala akuluakulu ofiirira pa elytra ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 6 mm. Imeneyi ndi mawonekedwe omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo. Amawononga zigawo za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuyamwa timadziti kuchokera ku zomera: mitengo yamtengo wapatali, shchitovok ndi Hermes.
2. Ng'ombe ziwiri zikhale zooneka bwino. Kawirikawiri ndi kachilomboka kamene kali ndi katatomu wakuda ndipo ndi elytra yowopsya, iliyonse ili ndi malo wakuda. Thupi liri ndi kutalika kwa 5 mm. Awononge (monga nyongolotsi, ndi mphutsi) nsabwe za m'masamba.
3. Ng'ombeyo imaphatikizidwa kwambiri - kachilomboka kakang'ono kakukhala ndi mawanga awiri ofiira pa elytra. Thupilo limakhala la mamita 3 mm ndipo limaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi. Mphungu zonse ndi mbozi zimadyetsa nthanga ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhala zowononga tizilombo toposa 600.

Beetle wofiira ndi madontho wakuda

Dzina lake ndi msilikali. Tizilombo tofiira timadziwika kwa aliyense, chifukwa amakhala pafupi ndi munthu.

Mabuluwa, omwe ali ofiira ndi ofiira owala, akhoza kukula mpaka mamita 12 mpaka. Sadziwa kuthawa, chifukwa alibe mapiko. Ngakhale pali zosiyana.

Mphutsi za kachilomboka ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi tizilombo akuluakulu.

Kufalitsa ndi khalidwe la asilikali

Mbalame zimakhala m'madera a Eurasia m'madera ozizira, ndipo zimapezeka ku North Africa ndi North America. Nsikidzi zimawoneka pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, kupatula m'nyengo yozizira. Makamaka pali zambiri mwazozizira, dzuwa likamawomba bwino. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'mabwalo.

Pamitengo, kachilombo kofiira ndi madontho wakuda amakonda makungwa akale. Zili pamapalasa owongoka, pa njerwa, pa mipanda, komanso m'nyumba zomwe zimawoneka m'midzi. Ndipotu tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sizingatheke.

Zakudya zawo - zipatso zomwe zinagwera pansi, mbewu, mbewu yachitsamba. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti nthawi zina amadya achibale awo akamakhala m'madera akuluakulu.

Kumapeto kwa autumn, kachilomboka kamene kali ndi zofiira ndi madontho wakuda akugona m'nyengo yozizira pansi pa masamba akugwa, pansi pa makungwa a mitengo ndi m'malo ena, otetezedwa ndi mphepo ndi chisanu cholimba. Poyamba m'nyengo yozizira, asilikali amalowa mu siteji ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chilengedwe chinapatsa iwo fungo losasangalatsa kuti awopsyeze adani achilengedwe.

Shrenk's Shredder

Kuzipinda zofiira ndi madontho wakuda, n'zotheka kuika kachilomboka - scimitar wa Shrenk. Amadziwika mosavuta ndi maonekedwe ake ofunika. Mipulumuyo imakhala yofiira kapena yalanje, ndi mizere yopingasa ndi mawanga wakuda. Thupi limasiyanitsidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba.

Patsiku la dzuwa dzuwa limatha kuoneka mmodzi kapena anthu angapo pamaluwa. Kawirikawiri iwo ndi ocheperapo komanso opusa. Mphutsiyi ndi mafoni ambiri kuposa anthu akuluakulu. Akalowa m'dzombe, amadyetsa mazira awo.

Tizilombo tina tidziwika ndi dzinali chifukwa zili ndi poizoni (cantharidin), zomwe zimaipitsa khungu ndipo zimayambitsa mafince. Zitha kuchitanso kuti nyama yomwe imamera kachilomboka ndi udzu idzadwala ndikufa.

Kutsiliza

Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizoyandikana kwambiri ndi anthu komanso zokondweretsa kunja ndi mwachikondi.

Amagwirizananso ndi ubwana, pamene zirombozi zimakhala popanda mantha pamanja, ndipo ana adawauza kuti apite ku "bakko" kuti adye anawo. Tizilombo zokongola zimenezi nthawi zonse timakonda kwambiri ana, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuziwona.

Kuwonekera kwa Chingerezi kwa azimayiwa amatanthauzidwa motere: mtundu wofiira ndi chikumbutso cha zilakolako za Khristu, ndipo madontho wakuda akugwirizana ndi zisoni 7 za amayi a Mulungu.