Fertile Crescent: kufotokoza, mbiri, malo ndi chidwi mfundo

Nkhani za Middle East zina amazembera mawu akuti "chonde kachigawo", zomwe zimabweretsa chisokonezo pakati pa sazidziwa bwinobwino. Kodi mtundu wa kachigawo ndi? Chifukwa chake ndi lachonde? Tiyeni tifufuze, ndi zosangalatsa!

kachigawo a Dziko Lapansi

Fertile Crescent - malo amene anali kutchedwa Middle East. Iwo dzina lake chooneka kachigawo alidi amatikumbutsa usiku wotchuka mu theka gawo. Wachibale chonde: ndi malo otchuka ndi kunayambira chitukuko dziko, ndipo pafupifupi malo ulimi, dzinthu ndi mikate, komanso wotchuka Aigupto Dolina Nila. Kudera limeneli wolemera kwambiri nthaka ndi mvula wochuluka yozizira.

dzina lina pa khutu - ndi "Golden Triangle". maina awa awiri nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'dera lomweli, koma ndi kulakwa. Inde, ndi "chonde kachigawo", ndi "Golden Triangle" - mayina a madera, Ndondomeko chokhala kanjedza anthu. Koma mosiyana ndi poyamba, "Golden Triangle" - ndi malire kugwirizana dera Thailand, Laos ndi Burma. Walemekezeka kuti chifukwa chakuti iwo ali pano kuti anabadwa ndipo unafalikira mpaka m'zaka makumi awiri, likulu la kupanga ndi kufalitsa bongo. Kusiyana poika malo awiri zimaonekera.

malo Hrs

Mwachirengedwe, malowa ali kudera la Saudi Arabia Mphepete kumpoto kwa chipululu Siriya. M'mphepete kumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, kum'mawa apuma pa Zagros Mountains. Iwo ali Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Israel, Jordan ndi zigawo Turkey. Crescent chonde dziko - dera la ku Mesopotamia ndi Levant.

M'mapiko pakati m'mapiri, okwanira mitsinje ndi zithaphwi, madzi a mvula, malo pa mphambano za Africa, Asia - kuchotsedwa mfundo zonsezi zinachititsa chakuti dera ili anali kukhala wotchuka mayi wa olimapo ulimi, ulimi, ziweto.

Kukwera Neolithic

zabwino kwambiri malo Hrs kwatanthauza kuti dera Fertile Crescent anakhala kukuchitika wa ulimi Neolithic. Chotero anaitana kusintha kwa mafuko wakale wa kusonkhana kwa kupanga. Izi sizinachitike mwadzidzidzi ndipo pomwepo pa dongosolo winawake. Ndondomeko yomwe inatenga zaka mazana, koma kusintha mawu odzitukumula, mkangano mmoyo wa munthu, imatipatsa kuzitcha izo chosintha.

Amadziwika kuti mafuko wakale zapamoyo, ndi kusankha mbali kutulutsa m'chilengedwe. Chakudya anabweretsa nyama, nsomba ndi mndandanda wa okonzeka zipatso, bowa, mbewu ndi zipatso. Pang'onopang'ono kutaya gawo, munthu wololera anaona kuti mbewu imeneyi si sonkhanitsa ndi kuwanditsa makamaka zokolola lotsatira. Zotsatirapo za zimenezi kunathandiza asinthe moyo, koma kusintha moona kwakukulu kalekale. Zipatso chuma - Kodi maziko a moyo wa onse panopa kuli padziko lonse.

History ndi ulimi

Anthu oyamba amene ayesa kufesa ndi kubala anali mafuko omwe alipo kachigawo chonde basi. History limati Chifukwa chachikulu kukakamiza zimenezi, kwambiri kusintha kwa nyengo pambuyo nthawi Ice. Izo zinachitika kuti anali m'dera la Mesopotamia ndi Levant anakhalabe zachonde kwambiri, pamene pakati pa chiyambi Aigupto chitukuko wawowo otentha ndi yopanda mvula.

Occupation ulimi kwachititsa kuti mafuko amangokhala, mzinda woyamba. dziko ndi mbewu processing analimbikitsa chilengedwe cha zida zatsopano, yosungirako tableware, njira zatsopano kuphika. Mu kufanana chinayamba mbiya, ulimi nyama, kuluka. Pali mphero ng'anjo mkate kuphika. nthaka yachonde umabala mbewu mu zotsala zimene ankatha umasinthanitsidwa zinthu zina zofunika. Popeza ulimi kwachititsa kuti chitukuko cha malonda.

Ku ulimi kuti ulimi nyama

Nyama choyamba kuti anakakhala pafupi ndi munthu, anali agalu. Mitundu otsala a oyandikana zakutchire akhasaka kuti osatukuka mutu, ndi chiyembekezo kudya nyama. Ndi chitukuko cha minda processing ulimi anayamba kutenga nthawi zambiri, ndi nyama anali "Pakuti zokolola m'tsogolo," kuti akumugwira ndi kusungidwa zolembera. anthu atsopano anayamba kuoneka kale mu ukapolo.

Pang'onopang'ono, anthu anayamba kudya mkaka, ntchito thandizo la nyama kuthengo. nyama akuweta ndi kuŵetedwa ndi sanalinso okha chakudya. Iwo anayamba kutumikira anthu. Iwo anasintha pang'onopang'ono awo zizolowezi, achibadwidwe, ndipo maonekedwe ndi dongosolo ziwalo mkati. Fertile Crescent anali malo mbuzi zoweta, nkhosa zamphongo, ng'ombe ndi mahatchi. Ngakhale mphaka amene amadziwika kuti miyendo yaitali yekha, kwa nthawi yoyamba limodzi ndi moto banja ali ndi kuthetsa Middle East.

dzinthu moyo

N'chifukwa chiyani mbewu yaikulu ya chonde mbewu kachigawo zitsulo? Makolo yakuthengo ya tirigu, balere, mphodza udali pakati udzu m'madera ambiri a dziko. The exclusivity ya m'dziko la Mesopotamia chakuti izi ndi pamene nyengo ndi nthaka anali zachonde kwambiri kwa kubalana awo ndi kulera njira seeding.

Woyamba "akuweta" dzinthu kukhala tirigu ndi balere. mbewu zawo wakhala pano mwamsanga mapeto a BC IX atumwi. e. Aliyense Mlengi wa munthu, anamusamalira chakudya yabwino kwa iye! Kusintha nthawi ndi zokonda, mitundu ina kutha ndi watsopano, ndipo dzinthu, kulima umene unayamba mu "kachigawo chonde", kukhala chofunika kwambiri chakudya mankhwala a nthawi zonse.

Mbewu muli pafupifupi uthunthu wonse wa koyenera kuti thupi mavitamini anthu B. CHIKWANGWANI monga chimanga amathandiza kulimbana mafuta zoipa. Mkate ndi mbewu monga chimanga - zakudya akuthamangira kukhathamitsa thupi, si zoipa ndipo amathandiza kuti yosungirako mphamvu. Mapira - gwero la magnesium, selenium, kupatsidwa folic acid. Mwachidule, mbewu muli zinthu zonse zofunikira ntchito wathanzi wa zamoyo.

A mfundo zingapo zokhudza mkate

Maphikidwe chifukwa adzaphika mkate osawerengeka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana anazipanga izo mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. chimodzi - maziko a mkate ndi chimanga. Nkosafuna kunena, malo mkate choyamba anaphika anali Fertile Crescent.

• Choyamba mkate zaka zoposa 30 sauzande. Iwo anali wopanda chotupitsa mikate cha akuchita izi chimanga, anaphika pa miyala yotentha.
• The wakale mawonekedwe ambiri mkate - Middle East kudya.
• Chofufumitsa mkate zophikidwa Egypt.
• anthu onse mkate kupereka mphamvu zamatsenga ndi luso kulimbikitsa. Iwo ntchito pa miyambo ya zipembedzo zambiri.
• Ambiri mkate kudya Turkey.
• Mkate - maziko a zakudya 99% ya anthu padziko lonse.