Dzhordzh Oruell, "1984": mwachidule chiwembu, ndi protagonist

Mu mbiri ya mabuku a XX m'ma pali mabuku ochepa ndi yofunika monga bukhulo lomwe linalembedwa ndi Dzhordzh Oruell. "1984" (Mwachidule, ife kufotokoza m'nkhani ino) - ndi dystopia, limanena za tsogolo la anthu amene amakhala pansi pa goli la mphamvu wankhanza.

Chiyambi cha buku la

Wolemba Dzhordzh Oruell ndidatsiriza ntchito pa buku chachikulu mu 1948. Dzina la buku "1984" - ndi Buku chobisika kwa tsiku la chilengedwe chake (ndi manambala awiri otsiriza adzagonjetsa). Mu bukhu Orwell ndi zambiri zambiri allusions zobisika ndi mafanizo.

buku linalembedwa mu oyambirira zaka nkhondoyo, pamene lonse la Europe anakumana zoopsa cha Nazi ndi Nazi. Kumene zinthu izi zomvetsa chisoni mukopedwe maganizo a Orwell ndi zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito yake. Wolemba choyamba mu masamba a "1984" wapitiriza amange mfundo imene iye zochokera wotchuka ake ena nkhani - "Animal Farm", olembedwa penapake kale.

Monga wolemba yekha anavomereza kuti chikoka chachikulu buku ndi Russian wolemba Evgeniya Zamyatina "Ife". Buku limeneli linali limodzi mwa zitsanzo woyamba wa mtundu wanyimbo watsopano dystopia, unakhala wotchuka pa maziko a zochitika lowopsya la m'ma XX.

Winston Smith

The mbali yaikulu mankhwala ndi Winston Smith. Pa nthawi ya ofotokozera wake za zaka 39 (kapena kuti anabadwa mu 1944 kapena 1945). Wambiri ya wokhala wamba wa London ndi chifanizo mwatsatanetsatane za chi. Orwell ntchito chokumbukira protagonist wake akuchira pamaso owerenga chithunzi cha mbiri ya zaka zambiri.

Mu 1950s, dziko linali nkhondo ya nyukiliya. limati ambiri chifukwa anali ataphedwa, kapena kusintha mphamvu kulikonse. Boma UK nayenso kunapezeka akale kutengeka ndi zochitika kunachitika mabwinja a dziko owonongedwa. Sinthani ndi chiyambi cha ulamuliro wankhanza chipani "Ingsoc".

utsogoleri ake linakhazikitsa m'ziwawa kupondereza adani ake ku United Kingdom. Akuvutika chifukwa cha lamuloli anakhala - nkhondo osafunika kwa anthu wamba. Makolo Winston Smith zinalinso anazunzidwa. Popeza mbali yaikulu pa nthawi anali mwana, iye sali chimodzimodzi mukudziwa chimene chinachitika kwa iwo. Ambiri mwina, iwo anafa kundende kapena 'anamwazikana "(icho chinali chimodzi cha njira zatsopano kuphedwa).

Utumiki wa choonadi

Wolemba George Orwell anaganiza za protagonist losavuta membala wa opondereza anthu ndi mantha posonyeza tsiku ndi tsiku moyo mantha nthawi zonse kusokonekera. Smith ntchito ku Unduna wa Choonadi. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wolemba zopeka nyumba boma.

Dzina la utumiki - ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa wakuda ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha doublethink. Ndipotu, anali kulamulidwa ndi zonse zokopa kuti kwathunthu molakwika zinachitikazo. akuluakulu Ministry (kuphatikizapo Smith) anali amayendela zoona, atagona pa TV ndi zina zotero. D. khama lawo onse anali umalimbana chinachake kusunga mphamvu ya chipani cholamulira ndi kuuzira nzika za kudzipereka kapolo ndi kulambira. Ndipotu buku akunena dystopian-analogue wa Propaganda Utumiki wa ulamuliro wa Hitler. mutu wake anali mmodzi wa Nazi wotchuka otchuka - Yozef Gebbels.

doublethink

Buku "naintini makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zinayi" mu umodzi zochitika wake woyamba limasonyeza tsiku ndi tsiku za Winston Smith. Iye anali kuti Wampekera maheda nyuzipepala zakale kwa uthenga kusintha mtengo. Coder amasintha mfundo ngati chokoleti anayamikira kwenikweni anagwa. Ndithudi, izi "kupambana zachuma" latheka zikomo yekha kuti malamulo a "Ingsoc".

Zomwe zinachitika ndi kusintha mitengo limasonyeza wina Orwell anatulukira chodabwitsa maganizo. wolemba amanenela doublethink. Ndi luso la anthu amakhulupilira mu zinthu zosiyana. Chitsanzo china chapadera cha doublethink - chiphiphiritso ichi asonyeza pa khoma la nyumba kumene Smith ntchito. Iwo: "Nkhondo - dzikoli, umbuli - ndi mphamvu ndi ufulu - ndi ukapolo."

Ngakhale absurdity akuoneka, mawu awa ndi mtima wanu wonse, ndi maganizo kukhulupirira anthu onse a London. Ndipo amene angayerekeze kukaikira pang'ono mu kudalirika kwawo, anawononga ziwalo Chilango. Ilo linali lamulo kusankha negative. Ake (kale mu dziko lino) akwanitsa ntchito ndi opondereza a zaka za m'ma XX.

thoughtcrime

The lonse buku-ndakhuta dystopia wosangalatsa absurdity, amene anabwera pansi kuti anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi nkhondo ya nyukiliya, kusintha, ndipo mantha boma uchigawenga. Mphamvu maola 24 pa tsiku, kenako nzika pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono (makamera, zowonetsera kanema ndi zina zotero. D.). Mofananamo, boma massively kulankhula kwa nzika zofunika mode zambiri (pa wailesi unswitched, manyuzipepala ndi zina zotero. D.).

Chiwembu cha nkhani kwagona kuti ntchito ya Utumiki wa Choonadi Smith, ngakhale doublethink ambiri, amayamba amakayikira zoti chipani limanena. Ndipotu iye wachita kwambiri zamphamvu upandu mu dera - thoughtcrime. Izi wina "yonama" wa Orwell, amene anali ngati kudzoza kwa opondereza za m'ma XX atumwi. Ndithudi, nzika iliyonse ya Oceania (omwe tsopano ndi dziko Smith kunyumba), ngakhale kuganiza za chinachake chimene chimatsutsana ndi mzere Party, nawonongeka.

Mphindi ziwiri ndimadana

Mitu yoyamba ochepa a buku lake, Orwell anayamba wowerenga dziko la m'tsogolo odana ndi zosatheka. Winston Smith Pa awiri Mphindi Chidani. chochitika Izi zonse unachitikira ku makoma a mabungwe boma boma. Dvuhminutka - misonkhano ambiri, zomwe zikuonetsa malipoti video, kufotokoza omvera n'kofunika kudana ndi mdani.

Adani chachikulu pa nyanja - ndi Europe ndi ku Asia ndi Ostaziya. Malinga Orwell, zintchito ndale za dziko mapu, za mofanana kugawidwa pakati pa maiko atatuwa. Europe ndi ku Asia - ndiye wolowa mmalo Soviet Union, komwe malingaliro boma ndi Wachiwiri-Bolshevism. Pa Ostazii kwenikweni amadziwika. Mu buku, pali kutchula chakuti dziko lino amakhala malinga otchedwa mwambo mwa imfa.

nkhondo Oceania

mwanjira imodzi kapena ina, mayiko onse atatu alipo mu malingaliro wankhanza. Izi States mosadodometsedwa World nkhondo. nkhondo ndi nthawi imene nkhani mu buku la. London (likulu la Pacific) ali kutali kutsogolo, kotero apa pakubwera mosamala yekha zachinyengo ndi unduna wa Information choonadi.

Pa awiri Mphindi Chidani, kumene Smith, omvera kachiwirinso (monga tsiku lililonse pamaso) tiphunzira za zolinga mdani Ostazii Europe ndi ku Asia. Iwo ayenera kuwonongedwa. cholinga umamumvera chuma onse Pacific. Onse chuma ndi anthu mphamvu ntchito pa izo thandizo kutsogolo. Izi vutoli zachuma zimakhalira inati izi opondereza zinalili m'zaka za moyo wa Orwell. "1984" - buku zosonyeza zotsatira za kupambana kwa ankhanza amenewa.

O'Brien ndi Julia

Pa mphindi ziwiri Chidani Smith akukumana zilembo ziwiri, kenako adzakhala kiyi mu buku la. Choyamba, ndi membala wa chipani O'Brien (dzina silidziwika). Smith chiyembekeza kuti Iye ankakayikira kuti chipani anati. Pamwamba kuti khalidwe kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito Orwell. "1984" (mwachidule sizingatheke popanda kutchula kwa anthu ena) limasonyeza zina za mbiri yake. Komabe, wolemba ananena kuti munthu zachinsinsi ndi zinachitika yofunika kwambiri - Gletkin kwa buku "Mdima masana," Artura Kestlera.

wosewera ina yofunika amakhala Julia - komanso membala wa chipanichi. Smith woyamba ankamusamalira ndi kukayikirana, poopa kuti iye anali kazitape pa iye, ndipo angathe kubweletsa apolisi. Tsiku lina Winston anapita zogona m'dera proles (a proletariat - Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira wotsikitsitsa mu anthu), kumene iye anali mu malonda sitolo. maulendo oterowo ndi osafunika anthu chipani. Pobwerera ku Julia Smith anakumana. Iye sakondwera n'komwe kuti mwina kubweretsa pamene iye anali atamuwona.

misonkhano chinsinsi

Komabe, tsiku lotsatira, Julia Winston anatumiza chinsinsi cholemba imene iye anavomereza chikondi chake kwa iye. Kupanga zinthu zimenezi zinali zovuta kwambiri - ubale pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi mosamalitsa kwambiri kulamulidwa ndi "Ingsoc". Malinga ndi malingaliro boma, maganizo onse ankaona chidina zakale, ndi ubwenzi aliyense kugonana anali kwachilengedwenso kokha, kanali kofunika muyeso a kubadwa kwa mwana.

Koma Julia ndi Winston kumvetsa kuti pakati pa iwo ndi chabe ntchito pagulu. Iwo anayamba kukumana mobisa kusankha aliyense tiwonana ena m'malo anathawira. M'dera la proles angapo rents nyumba shopu chomwecho malonda, zomwe kamodzi anapita Smith.

Goldstein

Posachedwapa zilembo zazikulu kusankha kutsegula mankhwala kuti O'Brien. Iwo amayembekeza kuti ichi ndi akuti chisoni munthu akhoza kupanga awiri ndi Ubale mwachinsinsi. Za bungwe kupita mphekesera zotsutsana kwambiri. Malinga ndi maganizo a Smith, Abale inkakhala otsutsa boma, amene anayesa kumenya "Ingsoc".

The zilembo zazikulu kukumana O'Brien. Iye anavomereza kuti wabwera mu Ubale. akuluakulu Party mobisa amapereka Julia ndi Winston buku lake wolemba anali ena Goldstein. Boma zofalitsira nkhani imatchedwa kuti mdani wake mkati №1. Zinali chitsutso, kuyesera kuti ayiwononge ndi opondereza ulamuliro wa Oceania.

zotsatira

Tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti "1984" - buku ndi zosayembekezereka chiwembu. Patapita nthawi kukambirana kuti fateful ndi O'Brien, Winston ndi Julia akhala anagwidwa ndi apolisi mu maganizo a nyumba zawo otetezeka. Kunapezeka kuti mwini shopu, amene iwo lendi nyumba, anali Informant lachinsinsi logwira kwa akuluakulu a boma. Ndimaganiza Police chabe apadera mu kufufuza ndi adani a opanduka, amene maganizo kuthamanga kumatsutsana ndi Party mfundo.

Banja A anasiyanitsidwa. Smith anakapezeka wozunzikirapo zipinda za Utumiki wa Chikondi, amene adakwera kudza ndi Orwell. "1984" (mwachidule mupeze Nkhaniyi) pa izi mphindi akubwera pachimake. Tsopano gwirani Winston ipyole pa mafunso onse ndi kuzunza, amene, monga mwa nthawi zonse, ikuchitika pa oukira boma.

Smith renunciation

Kuti anadabwa protagonist ndi wakupha lake O'Brien - munthu amene anakhulupirira, kulankhula za zikaiko za "Ingsoc". Smith akuvutika wozunzikirapo thupi, koma osati kusiya chikhulupiriro chake (kuti iye ndi adamfunsa). Lisanaperekedwe, ndi mabuku mu chingelezi lilibe mtundu. Orwell anafotokoza manyazi wamkati ndiponso maganizo boma la Smith anabadwa ndi ululu komanso manyazi.

Winston anayamba pang'onopang'ono anagwetsa O'Brien. nayembekeza mumtima kuti iye angathe kupusitsa Utumiki wa chikondi, kupanga kuzindikira zonse zofunika, koma mtima wawo si kusiya zikhulupiriro. Pomaliza, Smith anasiya otsiriza umene osati anakana - kumfuna Julia. Koma ngakhale kumverera uku anawonongedwa. O'Brien m'masiku otsiriza kuzunzidwa kutsamba pa mantha akale ubwana Smith. Icho chinali kuopa makoswe. Winston inazingidwa ndi maso khola, mkati omwe ndi njala zimadya makoswe.

The mantha anali pachimake kuti Smith anavomera kuti avomereze kuti chilichonse, monga kuletsa wozunzikirapo. Kenako anamasulidwa mautumiki a chikondi ndi chipinda 101. Mu zochitika chomaliza cha buku buku waukulu atakhala mu cafe, ndi kumwa mowa, kumvera wailesi ndipo amadziwa kuti adachiritsidwa kukayikira yekha kulondola wa chipanichi.

Mtengo wa buku la

Pamapeto pake anasonyeza kuti kwambiri anafuna kusonyeza Orwell. "1984" (mwachidule, tapititsa kwa inu) - buku mmene makina kuonetsa ya boma lopondereza angathe kuwononga munthu aliyense. Ngakhale Smith, mpaka posachedwapa anakaniza nkhanza, potsiriza anapereka. Choyamba, mwathupi anawononga (m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu - adayamba kutaya mano, etc ...). Kenako anasiya chikhulupiriro chake.

Wosasangalala KUTHETSA okha anawonjezera kuti mwambo buku. Iye anakhala bestseller n'kamodzi. Nthawi imeneyi mulibe anapereka buku zotero mu dziko. Previous mabuku mu mtundu wanyimbo wa dystopia sanathe popitilira chotero mosamala analongosola ndipo anafotokoza zojambulajambula, amene adakwera kudza ndi Orwell.

Komabe, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, wolemba English ndipo analibe kanthu kolemba. Ndipotu, m'pomveka kukhala zinthu zonse zimene wafunsira Nazism ndi zina opondereza wa zoyambirira za XX atumwi.

Bwino buku ili komanso chifukwa zosiyanasiyana mafanizo amene anasamukira ku amanenendwe onse a dziko. Kale anafotokoza doublethink, "Ingsoc" Awiri Mphindi Chidani, etc. Orwell anali mlembi wa chilinganizo odziwika "ziwiri kuphatikiza ziwiri -. Chabe zisanu", limene limafotokoza za Bodza la mabodzawo, komanso fano la Big M'bale.. Maumboni "1984" - muli zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika lamakono Azungu otchuka.