"Mkaidi wa Caucasus" - amene walemba? zopeka

Caucasus, nkhani ya ndakatulo ambiri, ndakatulo ndi nthano chabe koma ambiri sizinayende pachabe chidwi "Mkaidi wa Caucasus". Yemwe analemba ilo, yesani kupeza. Kamodzi wotsutsa zolembalemba Belinsky analemba kuti Russian Caucasus n'kukhala mtundu ankayembekezera "Razdolnaya atero ndi sizidzatha ndakatulo, moyo Povunduka ndi maloto kufika." Lero, si pachabe ankaona akaidi atatu Caucasus wa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova ndi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. Caucasus unakhudzadi awo kukoma pa moyo, chifukwa kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XVIII, ili m'mphepete zodabwitsa umene unayamba chifukwa chidwi chachikulu pakati pa anthu amene analemba mbiri yakale, ofufuza chifukwa mu anayamba kuoneka mbiri yakale, asayansi mabuku ambiri ntchito.

"Mkaidi wa Caucasus" Ndani ndinazilemba izo?

Pushkin akuganiza anatulukira Caucasus ndakatulo Russian. N'kumene Iye adayandikira kudzoza wake, kulankhulana kupyolera mu mavesi zokongola chikondi cha mapiri otchuka, zigwa wobiriwira ndi mitsinje kudya. A lakuthwa ndi oopsa zochitika za Caucasus nkhondo (1816-1964) ndi moyo wa ng'ombezi anayamba kutumikira monga magwero a ziwembu osiyana zolembalemba. Apa ndi pamene ndakatulo Inabuka zinkakhalira nkhani zosiyanasiyana zochititsa chidwi ndi nthano za atasemphana asilikali ndi ungwazi wa asilikari Russian mu ukapolo ndi ng'ombezi kwakukulu.

ndakatulo wake "wamndende wa Caucasus" Pushkin anayamba kulemba August 1820 mu Crimea mu Gurzuf. Zinali ntchito zoyamba wodzipereka kwa Caucasus, yemwe anali kupambana yaikulu owerenga. Malinga ndi wolemba, khalidwe la ngwazi-mkaidi iye anasiya kutero, koma phiri la chisomo m'mphepete ananena ndi zapadera kuzizwa ndi kukonda Circassian mtima kwa kuya kwa moyo wake.

"Mkaidi wa Caucasus". Lermontov

Kwa wake, mwatsoka, moyo waufupi anakumana wachifundo chikondi kwa Caucasus ndi M. Yu. Lermontov. Mu 1825, iye anapita ku dziko fabulously zokongola. Iye anali kwambiri anagwidwa ndi maganizo ake ndipo anatenga pakati penipeni pa ntchito yake. mfundo zonse za Caucasus anapatsidwa ndi achibale awo akukhala Mineralnye Vody. Kuwonjezera Pushkin "mkaidi" anapanga kuganiza kukoma pa iye. Choncho, zaka 14 (1818) Mikhail akuyamba kulemba wake "Mkaidi wa Caucasus". Ziwembu kufanana amphamvu ndi kulankhula za mmene anagwidwa Russian serviceman zimapita kwa Circassians. kwambiri wokondedwa wake Circassian chomwe pambuyo anamuthandiza kuthawa. Lermontov yekha nkhani iyi odulidwa wake wapadera ndi wapadera.

wandiweyani

Ndipo olemba ena akhala tinachita "Mkaidi wa Caucasus". Amene analemba nkhani pa nkhani imeneyi? Ndithudi, "mkaidi chachitatu" - Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Anapita ku Caucasus, pamene anali ndi zaka 23. Ndipo ndinagwa mchikondi ndi dziko lino. Iye sanali kudziwa zimene anayenera kuchita, motero ndinayamba kulemba nkhani za kukongola m'dera la moyo, miyambo. Patatha zaka zitatu ndi theka (1851-1854) anakhalapo kuno, iye anasiya m'mphepete mwa wolemba wotchuka. Patapita zaka zambiri, mu Maulendo mwake, nayika motsindika mfundo yakuti Caucasus wakhala sukulu ya moyo kwa iye. Apa Iye atamva zimene nkhondo, ngozi ndi imfa.

Ngati mwana, ndinawerenga Tolstoy Caucasus ntchito kuona Lermontov, amene anali. Ndiye pakati anzake anali mapiri, Chechens, analemba nkhani zawo ndipo songs, makamaka pa nkhondo. Kotero nkhani ya "Mkaidi wa Caucasus" anabadwa mu malingaliro ake. wolemba limafotokoza miyoyo ya akaidi awiri Russian - Žilina ndi Kostylin amene anali mu Caucasus. Tolstoy zaka achinyamata kugwira ntchito ku nkhondo Caucasus, adzachititsa kukumbukira bwino. Apa iye anali wosungulumwa komanso wosasangalala, kotero izo zinali zopweteka kwambiri, koma ndi nthawi yabwino ya kusinkhasinkha, kuyambira ntchito wolemba ndi kukwaniritsa mkulu lingaliro.

Tsopano, ine ndikuganiza, osokonezeka zimene tingachite "Mkaidi wa Caucasus", amene analemba, ndi zimene iye amatiuza, idzatha palokha. Mwamwayi, pali kale ntchito zitatu zimenezi, osati munthu.