Dystrophy - ndi mankhwala? Chiwindi, mtima, diso minofu

Dystrophy - matenda amene zimakhala thupi amapezeka mu imfa kapena kudzikundikira zinthu zimene sizili yeniyeni kuti boma yachibadwa.

Kuwonongeka kwa maselo intercellular mankhwala kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti limba matenda imaleka kugwira ntchito mokwanira. Chifukwa cha matenda ndi matenda trophic (mndandanda wa zomwe kupereka ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya maselo).

zimayambitsa

kudwala uyu ali zimayambitsa zosiyanasiyana. Zimakhala cholowa matenda kagayidwe kachakudya, matenda, maganizo ndi mavuto maganizo, polowetsedwa chitetezo chokwanira, wonongeka wa kapepalako m'mimba, zakudya osauka, kungasokoneze zinthu zosiyanasiyana, chromosomal ndi matenda somatic.

N'kulakwa kuti dystrophy - matenda imagwira ana okha msanga. Kukula kwa matenda amenewa angachititse kudya yaitali kapena owonjezera zakudya zimam'patsa munali mu chakudya. Chifukwa cha dystrophy kobadwa nako akhale wamng'ono kapena, pa mwake, okalamba amayi.

zizindikiro

Malinga mtundu ndi kukula kwa matenda ali madigiri atatu, amene yodziwika ndi zizindikiro zina.

Mlingo woyamba - wodwalayo kuchepa thupi ndi minofu kamvekedwe, zimakhala kukhala zochepa zotanuka, kusokoneza chitetezo, pangakhale mavuto ndi mpando.

digiri yachiwiri - ndi maziko a kuwonda mwapang'onopang'ono amakhala wowonda, mwina ngakhale kutha subcutaneous minofu, thupi amadwala kupanda mavitamini.

Chachitatu Digiri - lake kwathunthu zatha, munthu kusokonezedwa kupuma ndi ntchito mtima, yafupika kutentha thupi ndi magazi.

Komanso mtundu uliwonse wa dystrophy ali limodzi ndi zizindikiro ambiri: wodwala kwambiri okondwa, iye kuchepetsedwa kapena kudya, anawawidwa tulo, pali kufooka ambiri, pali kusintha mu thupi, a m'mimba, yafupika chitetezo chokwanira. Munthu uyu sakudziwa kuti dystrophy zizindikiro madebiti kuti mavuto kapena nkhawa.

Gawo

M'kagulu matenda monga muyezo angapo. Choncho, malinga ndi chiyambi cha kudwala ndi kobadwa nako ndipo anaphunziranso, pa kuchuluka kwa ndondomekoyi - m'deralo kapena ambiri, monga mwa kuwombola kuyan'anila m'maganizo kusiyanitsa mapuloteni, mafuta, zimam'patsa dystrophy. Malingana ndi kumene ndondomeko isanafalikire, matenda mwina ma (parenchymal), extracellular (mesenchymal, stromal-mtima) ndi kusakaniza.

Komanso, zamoyo akutali monga zakudya m'thupi, ndi gipostatura paratrofiya.

Kutupikana - ambiri mawonekedwe a matenda. Ndi titadziwa ndi zinazake. Yodziwika ndi kusowa kwa thupi poyerekezera ndi kukula kwa wodwala.

Paratrofii pamene pali owonjezera thupi, amene amayamba ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndipo thupi.

Gipostatura zili kusowa yemweyo kulemera ndi kutalika malinga ndi malamulo msinkhu winawake.

kobadwa nako dystrophy

chikhalidwe ichi ndi chifukwa cha matenda tinatengera kwa kagayidwe mapulotini, mafuta kapena chakudya. Pamene thupi mwana sakhala enzyme aliyense, kudzikundikira amapezeka si kwathunthu m'mimba katundu wa kagayidwe mu zimakhala kapena ziwalo. Kaya ndondomeko kutanthauzira, pali nthawi zonse kuwonongeka kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo minofu, imbaenda ku imfa.

Malinga ndi malo a mitundu zotsatirazi za matenda:

Cell (parenchymal) mafuta alibe

Izi ndi vuto kumachitika pamene gulu la maselo ndi udindo kugwira ntchito kwa thupi, pali matenda kagayidwe kachakudya. Zina mwa zinthu zimene imautsa chitukuko cha matenda Tingaone hypoxia, matenda, kuledzera (makamaka mowa) zakudya m'thupi ndi kuperewera kwa mavitamini.

Chitsanzo chimodzi cha chotero kudwala ndi alibe chiwindi. Izo kumaonekera kulephera kwa maselo chiwindi ntchito zake, zikubweretsa m'malo awo mafuta minofu. Zimenezi zingachititse kutupa ndi matenda enaake.

Zotsatira aakulu ndi pachimake ndi poizoni mawonekedwe a matenda. Dziko loyamba ndi chitukuko mofulumira, chifukwa mwina chiwindi kulephera. Otani chiwindi dystrophy ndi chifukwa necrosis maselo ake.

Dystrophy mtima - Chitsanzo china cha ma mafuta alibe. Pankhaniyi kuwonongeka m'mnyewa wamtima, ntchito yake ndi makutu. ukuwonjezeka mtima kukula, ndi myocardium amakhala flabby, wachikasu, uka kwa n'kupanga endocardium chifukwa mafunsidwe m'goli mafuta. Mafuta alibe za mtima chifukwa cha hypoxia (akusowa mpweya), matenda chopatsa matenda kagayidwe kachakudya, kutupikana.

Mapuloteni parenchymal alibe

Iwo agawidwa mitundu ingapo:

- hyaline droplet alibe yodziwika ndi kudzikundikira mu impso (nthawizina amadwala chiwindi kapena mtima) m'malovu mapuloteni. Izi zimachitika pamene matenda a impso monga myeloma angapo, glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis. Matendawa chobisika ndipo kumayambitsa mavuto sizingasinthe.

- Pamene hydropic (hydropic) dystrophy ziwalo (maselo chiwindi, adrenal, myocardium, khungu) limapezeka limodzi mapuloteni madzi m'malovu. Ndi muyeso wa iwo mu chipinda ukapezeka zibaluni alibe (ngale ndi amakakamizidwa periphery ya). Chifukwa ofanana chikhalidwe akhoza kuyan'anila za kagayidwe madzi amchere, hypoproteinemia, edema, matenda opatsirana ndi intoxications.

- Rogovaya dystrophy yodziwika ndi mapangidwe thunthu tentha mthupi, pamene izo sizingakhale, kapena kudzikundikira kwambiri kumene ayenera kukhala mu chokwanira (khungu, misomali). Zoyambitsa matenda mwina beriberi, kupunduka khungu chitukuko, matenda tizilombo, kutupa aakulu.

Nail dystrophy kungakhale chifukwa cha matenda, matenda a pakhungu, malfunctions m'mimba, endocrine kapena dongosolo chapakati mantha. Komanso, kudwala izi nthawi zina limodzi ndi matenda ena a dongosolo mtima ndi magazi.

Nail dystrophy kungakhale kobadwa nako kapena kugula. Mu mawonekedwe kobadwa nako matendawa akhoza kukhala anasiya, kupatulira ndi thickening wa mbale misomali. Anapeza matenda yodziwika ndi detachment pang'onopang'ono kwa mbale msomali msomali recess kapena whitening. Komanso, mbale msomali kungakhale kwambiri otukukira kunja, ndi yopingasa ndi grooves kotenga. Chifukwa matenda amenewa chikanga, psoriasis, ndere planus, misomaliyo zoopsa.

Diso alibe ali mitundu ingapo:

- Hyperkeratosis - ndi owonjezera keratin pa khungu.

- kobadwa nako hyperkeratosis wa khungu, wotchedwa ichthyosis. thupi mwana ali ndi khungu lakuda chokhala ndi mamba nsomba.

- leukoplakia - matenda amene mucosal coarsen. Izi anavumbula chiberekero, kum'mero, m'kamwa, ndi zina zotero. D.

Parenchymal zimam'patsa dystrophy

Ndi chifukwa cha kuuzana glycogen ndi glycoproteins kuyan'anila. Kulakwila glycogen kagayidwe khalidwe la pathologies monga matenda a shuga kapena glycogenosis.

Chifukwa kagayidwe kutanganidwa wa glycoproteins maselo amachititsa kudzikundikira mucoids ndi mucins (ntchofu chinthu). Izi zimachitika matenda monga rhinitis, gastritis, matenda ndi zina zotero D..

Extracellular (mesenchymal) dystrophy

Akufotokozera mu stroma (zochokera ongokhala minofu connective) matupi. Pankhaniyi, ndondomeko ndi yokhudza dziko lonse minofu ndi magazi zotengera. Mwachitsanzo angakhale retinal dystrophy. Matendawa akhoza kukhala mwina kobadwa nako kapena kugula. Anthu, utachepa zithunzi acuity, n'zovuta kuyenda mu mdima. Pa chomaliza matenda ndi retinal detachment maso kapena pigmentalnaya dystrophy. Nthawi zambiri nawo mbali ndi diso.

corneal dystrophy yodziwika ndi Kuwonekera kwake, utachepa acuity zithunzi ndi tilinazo. Izo zikhoza kukhala cholowa kapena kugula. matenda amakula mwamsanga, nalanda maso onse, kotero ndikofunika matenda yake.

Zizindikiro, amene ayenera kulabadira - izi ndi ululu ndi thupi yachilendo kumverera mu maso, redness maso, maso madzi, kuopa kuwala, utachepa masomphenya.

Secondary corneal dystrophy ukapezeka monga chotsatira cha zoopsa. Zingakhalenso chifukwa vitamini akusowa, anasamutsira matenda kolajeni, kobadwa nako khungu.

Akulu dystrophy - chikhalidwe kuti amakhala ndi kupata minofu wofooka, ndipo alibe. Ambiri mitundu iwiri.

Duchenne akulu dystrophy

Makamaka amapezeka ana. Mu matenda pali ponso ng'ombe minofu chifukwa kudzikundikira mafuta ndi kuchuluka kwa minofu connective. matenda yakula kwambiri ndipo kutukuka kwambiri, zaka 12 mu mtima wotaya luso muziyendayenda. anthu ochepa moyo wautali kuposa zaka makumi awiri.

matenda Steinert a

Ndi ambiri mwa akuluakulu. Matendawa akhoza tinatengera, zikuoneka pa msinkhu uliwonse. Mwa zizindikiro woyamba kudziŵika myotonia (pambuyo kudula minofu kumasuka pang'onopang'ono) ndi kufooka kwa minofu nkhope. Progressive alibe minofu pang'onopang'ono, zimakhudza minofu yosalala ndi minofu mtima.

Pamene mesenchymal mapuloteni dystrophy akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto chiwindi, impso, ndulu ndi zopangitsa adrenal wa munthu. Anthu okalamba ndi akusokoneza mtima ndi ubongo.

Stromal mtima mafuta alibe - yatsoka wopweteka nodular madipoziti pa miyendo anthu (mwachitsanzo, matenda dercum). Matendawa akhoza kukhala m'dera ndi ambiri, kuutsa kudzikundikira zinthu, ndi imfa awo.

The chifukwa cha mesenchymal zimam'patsa dystrophy kungakhale edema, kutupa kapena pokonza zimfundo, mafupa ndi chichereŵechereŵe cha munthu.

Kuchiza ndi kupewa

Mukamaliza anapereka matenda enieni, m'pofunika chitani yomweyo chithandizo cha matenda malingana mtundu wake komanso kusalekerera. Sankhani njira za mankhwala kuthandiza katswiri koma kwa mtundu wina uliwonse wa dystrophy ayenera kukonza kuisamalira odwala, kuthetsa zinthu zonse zimene imfayo zosokonezeka.

Kuwonjezera kuchititsa mankhwala zofunika ndi zofunika kusunga ulamuliro wa tsiku ndi n'kudziphatika kwa zakudya okhwima, amene amati dokotala, chofunika mwatsopano mpweya, hydrotherapy thupi.

Pakuti kupewa matenda umoyo wawo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa, monga momwe zingatheke kuthetsa zinthu zonse zoipa zimene zimachititsa alibe cha mtundu uliwonse.

Kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kudya zomveka komanso kuwapatsa zolimbitsa thupi ndi kupewa nkhawa - uyu adzakhala kupewa yabwino si ichi chokha, komanso matenda ena ambiri.