Daniel Defoe: chidule cha "Robinson Crusoe" kwa tsikulo owerenga ndi

Daniel Defoe buku Robinson Crusoe kudziwa zonse. Ngakhale anthu amene sadziwa kuwerenga izo, kumbukirani nkhani ya yapamadzi wina amene afika pa chilumba m'chipululu pambuyo kusweka ngati ngalawa a. Iye anakhala kumeneko kwa zaka twente-eyiti.

Aliyense akudziwa wolemba Daniel Defoe. "Robinson Crusoe", mwachidule zimene zimapangitsa kamodzinso zimatsimikizira namatetule ake - ndi ntchito wotchuka kwambiri.

Kuposa zaka mazana awiri, anthu akhala akuona kuti buku. A zambiri parodies pa izo ndi kupitiriza. Chuma akumanga pa chitsanzo ichi buku la moyo wa munthu. ndi kutchuka kwa buku lino n'chiyani? Nkhani ya Robinson kungakuthandizeni kupeza yankho la funso limeneli.

Chidule cha "Robinson Crusoe" kwa tsikulo owerenga ndi

Robinson anali mwana wachitatu wa makolo, si wokonzeka ntchito iliyonse. Iye nthawi zonse analota za nyanja ndi kuyenda. mchimwene wake anamenyana ndi Spain ndipo anafa. m'bale Middle anapita akusowa. Choncho, makolo sindikufuna tiyeni mwana wam'ng'ono mu nyanja.

Atate kwinaku anapempha Robinson chabe modzichepetsa kulibe. Koma zopempha izi okha nthawi anapempha mnyamata wa zaka 18 zakubadwa. Mwana kuyesa kuthandiza amayi, koma lingaliro ili si bwino. chaka china pofuna kutenga tchuti makolo awo, pamene mu September 1651 si kusambira mu London, chifukwa ufulu kuyenda (kapitawo anali tate wa mnzake).

Nyanja Zopatsa cha Robinson

Pa tsiku loyamba pa namondwe panyanja itayamba, Robinson anavomereza mumtima mwake chifukwa cha kusamvera. Koma boma ili ankakhala moyo wotayirira kumwa. sabata A ali zimauluka mkuntho kwambiri. chombo kumizidwa ndi amalinyero anatola bwato kuchokera chotengera pafupi. M'mphepete mwa Robinson iye akufuna kubwerera kwa makolo ake, koma "tsoka" amam'pangitsa m'njira osankhidwa ake. Chidule cha "Robinson Crusoe" kwa tsikulo owerenga ikusonyeza mmene moyo kovuta anali Robinson.

Mu London, ngwazi anakumana ndi woyendetsa sitima ya pamadzi, kupita Guinea, ndipo kupita ndi izo, tidzawukitsidwe kwa mkulu wina. Robinson posachedwa akufuna anakhala yapamadzi, kotero anaphunzira kukhala yapamadzi. Koma ena nzeru antabira: Captain ndi zosangalatsa chinkhoswe ndi Robinson kuti achititse nthawi. Pamene chombo anabwerera ku England, woyendetsa akamwalira, Robinson nokha akuyandama Guinea. ulendo uwu ndi zinalephereka: sitima ndi achifwamba kulanda Turkey, ndi ngwazi wathu adziwonetsa mkulu wa kapolo Turkey. Zimenezo zipangitsa Robinson kuchita ntchito zonse zapakhomo, ndi nyanja satenga. Mu gawo ili la buku "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Robinson Crusoe", mwachidule limene limafotokoza moyo wonse wa protagonist, kusonyeza mtima ndi utsogoleri wa anthu.

Mwenekaciro ule adatuma nsomba ukapolo, ndipo tsiku lina pamene iwo anali pa mtunda kwambiri pa nyanza, Robinson m'tali Xury mnyamata kuthawa. Mwa ichi anakonza pasadakhale, kotero chombo chidali masikono ndi madzi, zipangizo ndi zida. Panjira ya obisalira kupeza ziweto zawo, mbadwa mtendere kuwapatsa madzi ndi chakudya. Kenako, iye amanyamula sitima ku Portugal. Captain Robinson akulonjeza ufulu dontho ku Brazil. Iye akugula ngalawa yawo ndi mnyamata Xury, kulonjezedwa kubwezera ufulu mu zaka zingapo. Ndi Robinson akuvomereza. Chidule cha "Robinson Crusoe" kupititsa patsogolo tsikulo owerenga amatiuza za moyo wa wopambana mu Brazil.

Moyo mu Brazil

Mu Brazil, Robinson analandira ufulu wawo, wogwira ntchito m'minda yawo yawo ya nzimbe fodya ndi shuga. Anansi m'minda kuti amuthandize. M'minda zofunika manja ntchito, ndi akapolo ndi mtengo. Atamvetsera nkhani za Robinson ulendo wopita Guinea, ndi Obzala mpesawo anaganiza kubweretsa kwa Brazil akapolo mobisa m'chombo ndi kugawa iwo pakati pawo. Robinson adafotokoza kuti kalaliki sitimayo, amene kugula Negroes ku Guinea. "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Robinson Crusoe", chidule cha ntchito chachikulu zina kusasamala protagonist.

Iye amagwirizana ndi matanga kwa Brazil September 1, 1659, zaka 8 pambuyo kuchoka kwa makolo awo kunyumba. Pa sabata chachiwiri zovuta mkuntho, chilikupita chombo anayamba wag. Iye amayendetsera mumchenga, ndipo oyendetsa boti m'manja a tsoka. kutsinde Large akutembenukira ngalawa anawapulumutsa modabwitsa ndi Robinson kupangitsa kuti ziume malo. Chidule cha "Robinson Crusoe" kwa wowerenga za tsikulo nkhani zambiri zokhudza nyumba yatsopano Robinson.

Mozizwitsa chipulumutso - ndi bwinja chilumba

Iye anapulumutsa ndi chisoni chifukwa cha abwenzi akugwa. Robinson usiku woyamba kugona pa mtengo, mantha zilombo. Pa tsiku lachiwiri, ngwazi anatenga chombo (amene anabweretsa pafupi pagombe) zinthu zambiri zothandiza - mfuti, misomali screwdriver, mphesa, mapilo. Pa gombe iye anamanga matenti, iye amanyamula chakudya chake, onga ndi kuvumbitsira bedi lake. Okwana anali m'ngalawamo nthawi 12 ndipo nthawi zonse kutolapo kanthu kabwino - ndiphunzire, masikono, ramu, ufa. Nthawi yotsiriza anaona mulu wa golide ndipo ine ndinaganiza kuti boma lake, si zofunika, koma anawatenga naye. Buku "The Life ndi Zopatsa Chidwi cha Robinson Crusoe", mwachidule mbali tsogolo limanena za tsogolo la moyo pa chilumba.

Usiku umenewo, mkuntho sanadzisiyira sitimayo. Robinson tsopano akuyembekezera kumanga nyumba otetezeka choyang'ana kunyanja, kumene izo zinali zotheka kudikira kupulumutsidwa.

Pa phiri watola lathyathyathya dambo ndipo zimaswa hema kuti kumuteteza ku makungwa mpanda anathamangitsidwa mu nthaka. Kulowa m'nyumba izi zikhoza kukhala makwerero. Pathanthwe adaunyema phanga ndi ntchito monga m'chipinda chapansi a. ntchito onse anamugwira nthawi yaitali. Koma mwamsanga aphunzire. Daniel Defo "Robinson Crusoe", chidule cha buku nkhani zambiri zokhudza anatengera Robinson kwa moyo watsopano.

Kusinthasintha kwa moyo watsopano

Tsopano pamaso pake panali vuto - kupulumuka. Koma Robinson yekha, iye anatsutsa dziko, sankadziwa chikhalidwe chake - nyanja, mvula, kuthengo m'chipululu chilumba. Kuchita ichi adzakhala ndi kuphunzira zambiri za kudzinenera ndi kucheza ndi chilengedwe. Iye amaona zonse ndi kuphunzira. Iye anaphunzira domesticate mbuzi, kupanga tchizi. Komanso Livestock Robinson chinkhoswe mu ulimi, kumene utakula tirigu, balere, mpunga, amene anadzikhuthula ku thumba la. Hero anabzala munda waukulu. Kenako Robinson analenga kalendala mu mawonekedwe a mzati yaikulu imene tsiku lililonse anaika mphako.

Tsiku loyamba pa positi - September 30, 1659. Kuchokera pamenepa, tsiku lililonse ndi n'komwe, ndipo owerenga amaphunzira zambiri. Pa kulibe mu England Robinson anatsitsimuka mafumu, ndi Robinson anabwerera "Glorious utasintha" ya 1688, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mpando wachifumu Vilgelma Oranskogo.

Zolemba za Robinson Crusoe, mwachidule: kupitiriza nkhani

Pakati pa zinthu zothandiza kuti Robinson anatola chombo, anali inki, pepala, zitatu za m'Baibulo telesikopu. Pamene moyo wake anadzuka (naye anali amphaka atatu ndi galu m'madzi, ndiyeno panali komanso Chingolopiyo), anayamba blog kuti muchepetse moyo. Mu zolemba za Robinson limafotokoza zochitika zawo zonse, kuzipenya pa mbewu ndipo nyengo.

Chivomezi kukakamiza Robinson kuganiza nyumba yatsopano, pansi pa phiri woopsa. Pachilumbacho kupalasa zotsala za m'chombocho Ronaldo, ndi Robinson ndi zipangizo ndi mfundo nyumbayi. Ndi mapazi ake lotayako malungo, ndipo amawerenga Baibulo, ndipo ankachita, mmene mungathere. Zimathandiza kuti achire ramu, nandipatsa ndi fodya.

Pamene Robinson anachira, akatswiri chilumba, kumene ankakhala pafupifupi khumi miyezi. Mwa zomera zosadziwika Robinson anapeza vwende ndi mphesa, ndi ku otsiriza ndiye kupanga zoumba. Chilumba alinso kwambiri a zamoyo nkhandwe, akalulu akamba ndi anyani. Robinson wadzikwaniritsa katswiri wa kukongola izi, chifukwa cha anthu pano palibe wina amakhala. Iye amayika hema, kumalimbitsa ndi moyo uko, monga mwa dziko.

Robinson akugwira ntchito zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu popanda kuwongola kumbuyo kwake. Zonsezi analemba mu zolemba zake. Choncho iye analemba limodzi la masiku ake. Mwachidule, tsiku inkakhala chakuti Robinson kuwerenga Baibulo, yosakidwa, ndiye zosankhidwa zouma ndi wokonzeka agwire nyama.

Robinson anasamalila mbewu, kukolola, kusamalira ziweto, anapanga zida munda. zinthu izi zonse anachotsa kwambiri nthawi ndi khama. Ndi kuleza mtima, adatulutsa ku mapeto a zinthu zonse. Ngakhale anaphika mikate yopanda ng'anjo, mchere ndi yisiti.

Kumangidwa kwa mwadiya uyende ku nyanja

Robinson sanaleke kulota za ngalawa ndi kunyamuka ku Chile. Iye ankangofuna kuthawa ukapolo. Robinson amatsitsa mtengo waukulu ndipo amapanga chinthu chofanana kunja boti laling'ono. Koma madzi izo chiyani sakwanitsa kukokera (monga izo zinali kutali mu nkhalango). Iye moleza mtima kulekerera kulephera.

Robinson amathera yopuma zovala pomwe: angaŵile zovala ubweya (jekete ndi thalauza), chipewa ambulera kupanga. Patapita zaka zisanu, Robinson akumanga ngalawa chimakakamiza ake m'madzi. Kamodzi pa nyanja, iye anabwera anazungulira chilumba. Pa zimbalangondo ngalawa pakatikati pa nyanja, ndi Robinson anali ndi nthawi yovuta amabwera ku chilumbacho. Limafotokoza Defoe Zopatsa Chidwi cha Robinson Crusoe. Chidule cha buku ukusonyeza kusungulumwa ngwazi ndi chiyembekezo chake cha chipulumutso.

Mapazi mu molapitsa mchenga

Chifukwa cha mantha kwa nthawi yaitali si tuluka Robinson mu more.On lophunzira mbiya, kuluka madengu ndi kupanga foni. Pachilumba kwambiri fodya. Pa umodzi wa koyenda ndi munthu akaona pa zotsalira mchenga. Iye ndi mantha kwambiri, abwelela kunyumba ndipo masiku atatu sukupita kunja, kuganiza wina ndi sanachite. The ngwazi akuopa kuti akhoza kukhala mbuli ku Chile. Robinson akuganiza kuti akhoza awononge mbewu, kumwazikana ng'ombe, ndi ambiri kudya izo. Pamene iye afika mu "linga", izo zimapanga mpanda latsopano mbuzi. mwamuna uja wapeza kuda anthu ndi zotsala za phwando la odya anzawo. Alendowo anali kumbuyo pa chilumba. zaka ziwiri Robinson ukhala pa mbali imodzi ya chilumbachi kwawo. Koma moyo amabwezeretsa njira chete. Pa izi ndi adzatiuza mu gawo lotsatira la Nkhani Mwachidule ( "Robinson Crusoe"). Daniel Defoe anafotokoza ntchito za ngwazi mu mfundo wamba.

Chipulumutso Lachisanu - ndi molapitsa kwa dziko yapafupi

Usiku wina munthu anamva kuwombera kwa mfuti - chizindikiro sitimayo. Usiku wonse Robinson woyaka moto, ndipo m'mawa anaona ngalawa zinyalala. Chisoni ndi kusungulumwa, amapemphela kwa aliyense timu anathawa, koma gombe thupi amapanga okha kanyumba mnyamata. M'chombocho, palibe wamoyo anthu. Robinson akufuna kupita kumtunda ndipo kuthandiza akufuna kutenga ena molapitsa lapansi. zaka chimodzi ndi theka, iye amadza ndi mapulani koma Robinson chiopsyezo odya anzawo. Kamodzi akhoza kukumana ndi molapitsa, amene amapulumutsa. Iye akukhala mnzake.

Robinson moyo wathu umakhala wosangalatsa. Amaphunzitsa Friday (otchedwa kupulumutsidwa molapitsa) ndi msuzi ndi kuvala. Lachisanu anali wabwino ndi wokhulupirika bwenzi. Izi zafotokozedwa mu buku "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Robinson Crusoe", kuwerenga mwachidule zimenezi mu mpweya chomwecho.

Chipulumutso ku ukapolo ndi kubwerera ku England

Posachedwa zikuyenda pa alendo chilumba. opandukawo Team akubweretsa English chombo mkulu, mwamuna kapena mkazi, ndi chiwawa anthu. Robinson relieves mkulu ndi anzake, ndipo iwo chotheka pofuna kusangalatsa kupanduka. Chilakolako okha kuti mawu a Captain Robinson - ndi kutumiza ku Friday ku England. Robinson anakhala pa chilumbachi kwa zaka 28 ndipo anabwerera ku England pa June 11 1686. makolo ake anamwalira kalekale, koma adakali ndi moyo, anali mkazi wamasiye wa mkulu wake woyamba. Atamva kuti munda wake anatenga izo boma ku Zachuma, koma limabwerera revenues onse. Munthu amathandiza nephews ake awiri, kuwakonzekeretsa kwa anthuwo. Mu '61 Robinson kukwatira ndipo ali ndi ana atatu. Choncho itha nkhani yochititsa chidwiyi.