Cruiser "Indianapolis": kufotokoza, mbiri ndi matsoka

Kumapeto kwa July 1945 panali kwambiri wofuna apanyanja tsoka m'mbiri ya US asilikali apanyanja. Atatsala pang'ono nkhondo, cruiser American "Indianapolis" anali torpedoed ndi kumizidwa ndi sitima zapamadzi Japanese. torpedoes awiri, sitima zapamadzi anamasulidwa ankanena miyoyo ya oyendetsa oposa mazana asanu ndi anai.

Odzipereka mu Navy

Pambuyo kutulo kuti ndege Japanese anakonza zoti 7 December 1941 pa US panyanja m'munsi pa Pearl Harlbor, United States ali atsekerezedwa mu mitembo ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Mwa iwo anagwirizana mayiko anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu khalidwe la ntchito ya usilikali pa nyanja, ndi zikwi za anyamata American, mzimu otaya ulaliki dziko lawo, kuthira iwo kuchokera mawailesi ndi manyuzipepala, lolembedwa ndi odzipereka pa zombo za.

Chifukwa wapadera chifukwa cha kunyada anali m'gulu la anthu amene ntchito siteshoni anatembenuzira cruiser USS Indianapolis, ndipo palibe mwayi. Warship anapezerapo November 15, 1932, iye anakhala mmodzi mwa zotengera wotchuka ndi zapamwamba. Iye wakhala apamwamba mu awo maulendo Pulezidenti Teodor Ruzvelt. Kufika nyanja pa bolodi, anapanga maulendo amakondwera nawo. Sitimayo cruiser kumbukirani mamembala ambiri mabanja achifumu ndi atsogoleri a ndale za dziko.

Ngalawayo ndi mkulu wake

Cruiser, ngakhale ndi kukula kwake chofanana chotero malo yapadera. Wokwanira kuti pa sitimayo moti ankatha minda mpira awiri mosavuta. The okwana kutalika mamita 186 ndi kusamutsidwa wofanana tonnes 12775. Chimphona panali 1.269. Main kuponya mphamvu inkakhala mfuti atatu m'mphuno likungosonyeza 203 mm. Komanso, mu nkhokwe yake zikuphatikizapo ambiri zipangizo pa bolodi ndi ochepa odana ndege makhazikitsidwe.

Iye analinso atsogoleri woyenera, amene anatha molondola ndipo pa nthawi kukwaniritsa lamulo lililonse la High Lamulo, kuposa chombo anatha kulenga ndi mbiri yabwino. Otsiriza awa anasankhidwa December 18, 1944 Charlz Batler McVay - anyamata ndi kwakukuru kutsimikiziridwa kapitawo. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti izo anali Iye zoyembekezeka zochitika kutsogolera cruiser "Indianapolis" cholinga chake chatha.

Madzulo a akamaliza nkhondo

Chifukwa cha ntchito yogwira nkhondowo m'chaka cha 1944 zombo US Navy anali kokha mailosi pang'ono pa gombe la Japan. Kuukira zikuluzikulu anafunika adziwe ankamasulira wangwiro - chilumba cha Okinawa. The chikumbumtima cha mapeto pafupi nkhondo ndi kupambana mwamsanga anaukitsa makhalidwe a panyanjawa ndi kawiri mphamvu.

Pa nthawi yomweyo adani awo anali ndi vuto kwambiri. The Japan osati mbali yaikulu ya zombo za anawonongedwa, ndipo anakhala zipolopolo, koma zinatha onse malo akupezeka kwa anthu oti. Imeneyi yovuta lamulo awo anaganiza kulowa nkhondoyo akuti inakankhira - oyendetsa zoponya mabomba, otentheka, wokonzeka miyoyo yawo kwa mfumu.

Chaka chimodzi zimenezi zisanachitike, ndi detachment ndege Japanese modzaza mabomba ndi zinakhazikitsa mwa kufuna kudzipha kuukira Zombo Zankhondo US mu nkhondo kwa Philippines. Ndiye mu miyezi ingapo, kuposa zikwi ziwiri mabomba ndege anapanga sorties, kuchititsa zinawonongeka kwambiri kuti zombo US. Polingalira za mkhalidwe panthawiyo, mfumu inalamula kukonzanso ntchito zidazi.

kuukira kudzipha

zikalata, ndi cruiser "Indianapolis" ikanagwidwa zoponya mabomba kudzipha m'mawa wa March 31. Mungaimitse kunali kovuta, chifukwa kusiya zoponya mabomba kudzipha ankatha yekha kuwombera ndegeyo mu mlengalenga, ndi kotheka nthawi zonse.

Mkati mphindi zochepa pambuyo chiyambi cha nkhondo ina ya ndege anawulukira ku mitambo atapachikidwa pa nyanja, iye inagwera mu uta cruiser lapansi. Kuphulika wotsatira ankanena miyoyo ya oyendetsa naini, monga anachititsa kuwononga amakakamizidwa lamulo kuchotsa ngalawa kuti azipita nkhondowo ndi kutumiza kwa kukonza kuti San Francisco doko. Koma ngakhale zonse, maganizo anali upbeat, nkhondo anapita chaka chatha - 1945.

Cruiser "Indianapolis" amachita kuti chinsinsi

Kodi anauza ophunzira kupulumuka zochitika zimenezo, ambiri a anthu ogwira ntchito chinali kuonetsetsa kuti nkhondo ndi pa iwo, ndi kugonjera kwa Japan adzakhala anasaina lisanathe kukonzedwa. Koma tsoka analamula ayi. Mu July oyambirira, pamene panali kumenyana, woyendetsa analamulidwa pa maziko zomwe US Navy cruiser "Indianapolis" anachita kutenga gulu lapadera chinsinsi katundu ndi kupulumutsa kwa kopita mwasankha.

Posachedwa sitimayo muli awiri kwa akufa, amene yomweyo anapatsidwa asilikali onyamula zida. Masiku amenewo, palibe wa a panyanjawa sankadziwa chimene lili izi katundu mwachinsinsi, ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi sikunali kudziwa izo. Koma nayo nthawi kumaliza kukonza cruiser, monga mwa dongosolo, anapita ku nyanja kupita Hawaii. Iye anayenda ndi liwiro pamwamba makumi anayi wagawo, njira yonse anaphimba masiku atatu.

Onyamula atomiki imfa

Kukwanilitsa kopita kuyenda, Captain McVay anali radioed Zitatero kwa Islands Mariana, ali pa mtunda wa makilomita zikwi ziwiri kumadzulo. Kumene kopita kunapezeka kuti m'gulu chiwerengero chawo chilumba cha Tinian. Pali kugwilizana ndi pazipita kusamalitsa muli anachotsedwa sitimayo ndipo anatengedwa kupita kumtunda.

Tsopano palibe chinsinsi chimene iwo anali ureniamu mitima mabomba nyukiliya, mmodzi amene Hiroshima mu masiku khumi, ndi kuphulika ake, amene anawononga ziwerengero kwambiri ndiwofatsa anthu zana ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi zikwi amakakamizidwa dotoro dziko, ndi lamulo Japanese - August 15 kusaina chida cha kudzipereka. Koma izi akadali palibe akudziwa, ndipo anthu simungathe kulingalira zotsatira zonse Chivumbulutso nyukiliya. Zinali chinsinsi asilikali.

Imfa ya cruiser "Indianapolis" anali yoyamba dongosolo akamagwira kapitawo yomweyo pambuyo katundu muli. Iye analangiza kutsatira Pacific kumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Guam, kenako Philippines. Nkhondo itatha, ndi kamodzi kuti chidatengedwa ndi gulu la "Indianapolis" anavomera kuti kuyenda panyanja, si zinadzala ndi ngozi iliyonse.

Captain Mphulupulu McVeigh

Doko la San Francisco cruiser "Indianapolis" anachoka pa July 16 ndipo tsiku lomwelo ku doko la Japanese panyanja m'munsi mwakachetechete anatuluka sitima zapamadzi, ndiye pansi chiwerengero I-58. mkulu wake Mochitsura Hashimoto anali submariner ozindikira amene inadutsa nkhondo ndi anazolowera kufa. nthawi iyi anabweretsa sitima wake pa kusakasaka America amene premonition cha chigonjetso mwamsanga nthawi zambiri mosatsata mwanzeru pulayimale.

Malinga ndi malamulo, mu zone nkhondo ndi zombo kuonedwa ndi sitima zankhondo mdani, tiyenera kusamukira ku zigzags. Ndicho chimene adatulutsa zombo zawo mu nkhondo Captain McVay, koma anapambana kuzungulira euphoria cha chigonjetso wachita tsenga pa iye. Popeza kuti panalibe mfundo za kupezeka m'dera la sitima zankhondo mdani, iye ananyalanyaza malangizo mwachizolowezi. Izi frivolity chigawenga anali kenako kutulo ankabwerera mpaka imfa yake.

sitima zapamadzi chaser

Pakali pano, Japanese sitima zapamadzi sonars anagwira phokoso anapanga zomangira cruisers, ndipo izi nthawi yomweyo inanena kuti mtsogoleri wa. Mochitsura Hashimoto analamula kuti akonze torpedoes nkhondo ndi kutsatira chombo, kusankha nthawi yabwino kuti aukire. Anthu ogwira ntchito za cruiser ndawala imeneyi inali ofesi chizolowezi chizolowezi, ndipo palibe amene amaganiziridwa kuti chombo chawo anathamangitsa adani sitima zapamadzi. Izi analola Japanese kuti mobisa kutsatira America mailosi angapo.

Potsiriza, pamene mtunda amaloledwa kuti nkhondowo kuyambira motsimikiza okwanira mu kukhudzana, ndi sitima zapamadzi Japanese anapezerapo torpedoes awiri pa cruiser lapansi. mphindi Patatha, Hashimoto mwa eyepiece wa periscope anaona anawomberedwa kwa thambo ndi madzi kasupe. Izi zinasonyeza kuti mmodzi wa iwo wafika cholinga chake. Kugwira nkhondowo ntchito, sitima zankhondo zam'madzi mbisoweka mu kuya kwa nyanja monga mwakachetechete monga anaonekera.

tsoka

Inde, ndithudi, mwatsoka amalinyero anali kukumenya mwachindunji. Kuphulika m'dera injini chipinda, anawononga gulu lonse mwa iye. Mu dzenje anapanga akuthovoka madzi, ndipo ngakhale kukula kwake yaikulu, ndi cruiser lolemera "Indianapolis" anakhala n'kubwerera kwa kumanja. Imeneyi, tsoka amavutika ndi Captain McVay analamula adalira kusiya sitimayo.

Kuukira sitima zankhondo, yemwe anakhala anadabwa kwambiri ndi onse, kuphulika ndi magulu wotsatira thanthwe zinayamba mantha ndi chisokonezeko kuti wokhawokha akuzunzika chotengera. Mazana khumi ndi awiri kupulumutsidwa adalira anafufuza imodzi kuvala lifejackets ndi kuthamangira madzi. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti anapezeka kuti ndalama Sungunulani-mwadzidzidzi kosakwanira - chiwerengero chawo si zizigwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri a amalinyero kuyembekezera thandizo amwalira ndi kukhala yaitali mu madzi.

Yambani zinayi tsiku kutulo

Kukhala pakati mawanga yaikulu mafuta, anangotengeka kuzungulira cruiser wokhomedwa, anaona mmene chombo anawonongeka, mpaka posachedwapa ankaona kukongola ndi kunyada kwa American apanyanja. Iwo ali kutsogolo kwa cruiser pang'onopang'ono adagadabula pa mbali yake, mphuno mbali kwathunthu atapita pansi madzi, kuchititsa chakudya mukukwera, ndipo potsiriza, ngalawa onse, ngati wotopa mphamvu otsiriza polimbana ndi nyanja chinayamba kozama.

Pa tsiku ili, kwa oyendetsa naini amene anapulumuka Japanese oponya kuukira sitima zankhondo ndipo anagwidwa pakati pa nyanja popanda bwato, popanda madzi akumwa ndi chakudya, zinayamba tsoka weniweni. Ambiri anali mu mkhalidwe mantha. Kuchokera kumbali zonse anabwera kulira thandizo, koma panalibe chokwanira. Kuti mwanjira kukulimbikitsani timu, kapitawo adayesetsa aliyense kuti ali ndi umodzi mwa misewu yaikulu nyanja, ndipo mosakayikira posachedwapa anapeza.

Komabe, zonse zinali zosiyana. Popeza kuphulika kwa wailesi ya sitima sukanakhoza mu nthawi kutumiza akafuna wakhala kuonongeka, zombo lamulo liti n'komwe zomwe zinachitika. Pachilumba cha Guam, kumene cruiser adamtsata, kulibe anali anafotokoza zotheka kusintha kumene ndi sanakweze Alamu. Chifukwa, anapitirira masiku anayi pamaso zowawa anali mwangozi wamawangamawanga American yoponya mabomba anachita m'dera kulondera ndege.

Imfa pakati nsombazo

Koma ochepa anapulumuka lero. Kupatula ludzu, njala ndi hypothermia, oyendetsa kugona kudikira mu nyanja lotseguka ndi vuto lina lowopsya - Nsombayo. Poyamba, pamwamba pa madzi anaonekera ochepa chipsyepsye umodzi, kenako nambala chawonjezeka, ndipo posakhalitsa malo onse padziko oyendetsa kwenikweni kukwawa ndi iwo. Pakati pa anthu ndinayamba mantha. Palibe anadziwa zoyenera kuchita ndi mmene mungathe kudziteteza kwa adani izi ankhanza m'nyanja.

nsombazi A akadali clenched molimbira mphete padziko akuvutika awo. Kenako panabukanso, kuwakankha mmwamba pamwamba pakamwa ake otsegula, ndiye anapitiriza kwambiri. Mwadzidzidzi, pa phokoso la mafunde, kulira shrill mwa anthu, ndipo madzi anali adzatumbulidwa. Ichi chinali chizindikiro kwa nsombazo ena. Iwo anali kugwidwa ndi anthu wonyozeka ndi zambiri moyo enthrall kwambiri.

anapitiriza tsoka

A helo phwando ndi anaima, ndiye adapitiriza pasanathe masiku atatu. Wa oyendetsa naini otsekeredwa mu madzi pambuyo tsoka ndi cruiser US Navy "Indianapolis", pafupifupi hafu anali poona nsombazi a.

Koma posachedwapa Chinawonjezeka vuto lina. Mfundo ndi kuti zamphepo moyo, imene oyendetsa anapitiriza kukhala pa madzi, akhala masamu kwa masiku atatu. Popeza kutha chuma chawo, iwo ladzala ndi madzi ndipo anataya buoyancy. Choncho imfa anakhala mosalephera.

Kubera Owapulumutsa

Only pa August 2, ie, pa tsiku lachinayi la tsoka la anthu ochepa amene anatsala ndi moyo, anamva pa phokoso la mitu ndege. Pezani woyendetsa awo yomweyo ku likulu, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo anayamba afunkha ntchito. Mpaka ziwiya waukulu pamalo Ronaldo zinachitika cruiser "Indianapolis", seaplane anafika ndipo, pamene adapanga ankafika yowopsa mwa mafunde thobvu, anakhala ngati mlatho kwa anthu onse amene anatha kupulumuka.

Posakhalitsa, malo tsoka anabwera zombo ziwiri - wowonongayo USS Bassett ndi chipatala chombo USS mtendere, amene anabweretsa amoyowo Guam, kumene iwo analandira kuchipatala. Wa anthu 1.189 pa bolodi, anapulumuka 316. yekha The mpumulo wa a panyanjawa linasweka cruiser "Indianapolis" woyenera kuukhala. masiku 17 okha anachoka pamaso pa mapeto a nkhondo.

Chigamulochi la bungwe loweluza

Tsoka kwa cruiser "Indianapolis" anachititsa kumveka lonse pakati pa American ndi dziko maganizo a anthu. Mwamwayi zinthu zoopsa za kunkhondo, anthu anafuna kuti nthawi yomweyo kupeza ndi kulanga anthu amene apalamula chimene chinachitika. Utumiki wa silikhali akufuna kuimba mlandu mkulu McVeigh, milandu chosasamala zigawenga zinachititsa kuti chotengeracho sanachite zinafotokozedwa Zikatero, ndi yokhotakhota kayendedwe nakhala mosavuta sitima zankhondo mdani.

Mwa chigamulo cha Khoti, imene imachitika pa December 19, 1945, mkulu wa cruiser "Indianapolis" anali demoted mu udindo, koma anathawa kundende. Modabwitsa, umboni pa mlandu wa anaitanidwa mwa anali mtsogoleri wa sitima zapamadzi Japanese Mochitsura Hashimoto, amene anatumiza pansi asadandaule kwambiri fated cruiser. Nkhondo itatha, ndipo tsopano kale anali adani limodzi kuthetsa nkhani zofunika malamulo.

Personal tsoka la Captain

Chigamulochi la bungwe loweluza, wakhala chifukwa kutsutsana kwambiri. Pa mulingo uliwonse, mawu zodzudzula lamulo zombo mufuna kuika chala pa imfa ya cruiser "Indianapolis" pa McVeigh wina chotero kupewa lozhivshiesya gawo zawo. Yatha Komabe, chakuti miyezi ingapo zombo asilikali Chester Nimitz lamulo munthu anamuukitsa udindo wake poyamba ndipo wina ndipo patapita zaka zinayi ndipo mwakachetechete kupuma mwakachetechete.

Komabe, iye anali kenako zoyembekezeka kukhala inanso ochitiridwayo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti imfa ya cruiser "Indianapolis". Nkhani ya imfa yake inali tsoka palokha panopa. Amadziwika kuti pa zaka zikubwerazi, McVeigh zonse akalata kwa mamembala a mabanja a amalinyero, chifukwa imfa limene iye mlandu. Ngakhale kuti iye anali mwalamulo anamasulidwa udindo, ambiri ankaona kuti iye zikuoneka kuti chifukwa chachikulu zimene zinachitika. Mwachionekere, milandu yonseyi anagwirizana ndi chikumbumtima chake. Akulephera kuisamalira mazunzidwe abwino, mu 1968, Captain McVay anawomberedwa.

History of cruiser ndi "Indianapolis" ayambanso nkhani zokambirana mu 2000, pamene US Congress linakhazikitsa kusamvana pa maziko a zimene McVeigh kwathunthu kumatha milandu onse kale mlandu. chikalata ichi ndi adavomereza ndi siginecha wake American pulezidenti , Bill Clinton, Kenako anapanga kulowa loyenerera mkulu wa nkhani yaumwini, kusungidwa miyala ya apanyanja.

Mu mzinda wa Indianapolis, dzina lake inabala cruiser akufa ulemu wake anakhazikitsa chikumbutso. Pa zaka ziwiri, July 30, tsiku pamene oponya njira Japanese kuthetsa kumenyana sitima ya chipilala amakopa onse kupulumuka mu zochitika za m'masiku amenewo kamodzinso kugawana ululu wa imfa kwathunthu. Koma nthawi osatekeseka, iwo akukhala kuchepa chaka chilichonse.