Chubu ubongo mu mwana wosabadwayo - izo ndi momwe anapanga?

Pamene mayi tsogolo wapeza kuti ali ndi pakati, moyo wake amatenga matanthauzo osiyana kotheratu. Tsopano muyenera kusamalira osati kokha okha, komanso mtanda laling'ono, limene kale amakhala pansi pamtima. Chinthu choyamba ndi kuti mkazi - ndi kulembetsa katswiri wabwino, amene amawakhulupirira kuti chikhulupiriro mu njira yachibadwa mimba.

Kumene, makolo achinyamata osachepera amaganiza kuti mwana wawo angakhale bbwino. Koma ngati mavuto onse anatulukira, musataye mtima. Onse chifuniro chanu nkhonya ndi kuchita zonse zotheka kuti mwana anabadwa wathanzi.

Chubu ubongo mu mwana wosabadwayo - ndichiyani?

Amayi ambiri oyembekezera omwe yekha kuphunzira uthenga wabwino wonena za mimba, kuthamangira awerenge mabuku onse kupezeka pa kubadwa m'tsogolo. Ndi pamene diso awo akhale ndi mfundo zimene tsiku 19-22 mimba kale kuyambira kupanga chubu ubongo mu mwana wosabadwayo. Ndi chiyani icho? Pajatu wamkulu wa thupi chotero palibe. Yankho lake ndi losavuta: chubu ubongo - ndi mtundu yoyamba ya chitukuko ya ubongo, kuphatikizapo ubongo ndi msana. Tsegulani yodula mantha - nsanja mapangidwe ndi zapambuyo, pakati ndi zapambuyo chikhodzodzo.

matenda oopsa amene sikugwirizana ndi moyo

Timazindikira kuti imodzi mwa magawo zofunika kwambiri chiyambi cha moyo kuti zidzachitika mimba - ndi mapangidwe chubu ubongo imene posachedwapa kukhala ubongo ndi msana mwana. Koma nthawi zina zimachitika kuti ndondomeko ya kutseka kumtunda kwa wosweka, chifukwa kukhala anencephaly (palibe ubongo mwana wosabadwayo). Ngati pali chisokonezo pa kutsekedwa kwa pansi pa chubu ubongo, pali msana chophukacho. Mwatsoka, onse a matenda amenewa ali sikugwirizana ndi moyo, koma zimachitika kawirikawiri. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti matenda ichi chikukantha chimodzi mwa chipatso zikwi.

Nthawi zina pali zinthu pamene iwo amayamba bwino kukhala ndi chubu ubongo mu mwana wosabadwayo. Kodi zikutanthauza ndipo ngati m'pofunika nkhawa izi?

ndi ubongo zopindika chubu chiyani?

Zopindika a chubu ubongo - lonse mndandanda vuto osiyana kuti akhoza kukhala mwana wosabadwayo. Mwamwayi, zolakwika awa n'chosoŵa.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti kudwala kwa chubu ubongo wa mwana wosabadwayo - si matenda amakono chimapangidwa ndi zinthu ziliri pa moyo wa munthu. Monga anatsimikizira ndi chojambulira wa zokwiriridwa amene anachita maphunziro zogwirizana, nthenda ya chingwe msana kapena ubongo (umenewu ndi umboni chitukuko nthenda ya Chibade ndi msana) anazipeza zotsalira za munthu wina amene anakhalako zaka 7,000 zapitazo.

Zilembedwe choyamba ntchito sayansi ndi mankhwala, pa maziko amene ife tikhoza kunena, anayamba neurosurgery, izo tinaonera ntchito za Hippocrates. Chitaliyana anatomist Morgagni Batista, mwina mmodzi wa kulongosola koyamba pafupifupi anapatsidwa zopindika ubongo chubu. Chithandizo pa nthawi imeneyo, ndithudi, matenda awa sali pansi, chifukwa mankhwalawo anali akadali pa mlingo wochepa kwambiri chitukuko.

Zimayambitsa mavuto awa

Mwatsoka, nthawi zina pali zosalongosoka ubongo chubu mu mwana wosabadwayo. Kodi mtundu wa kudwala, ndi zimene zinachititsa izo? Tiyeni kupeza zifukwa zopatuka mwakale.

Chotero, masiku 19-20 pambuyo pakati kwa mwana wosabadwayo aumbike mwa aliyense mbale yeniyeni - mawonekedwe loyamba la chitukuko cha mantha dongosolo anthu. 20-22 Tsiku iye ayenera kuyamba interlock, potero kupanga chubu ubongo mu mwana wosabadwayo. chakuti zonse zikuyenda monga mwa pulani zikutsimikizira pakalibe pathologies ya ubongo wa mwana amene adzabadweyo. Ngati masiku 23 kuchokera mbale lingaliro ubongo si kwathunthu atazungulira chubu, ndi mwana wosabadwayo kukhala kumbuyo mavuto. Chifukwa chotengera ichi kuchuluka kungachititse cerebrospinal larkspur kuti aona mu trimester mimba.

Chimodzi mwa zomwe zimakonda pathologies amenewa amaonedwa matenda tizilombo, dzuwa, chifukwa mayi m'tsogolo, amene ali odwala khansa, komanso zinthu zachilengedwe. Koma ambiri zolakwika izi zimachitika amayi apakati amene analinso ndi ubongo chubu chilema. Mkulu chiopsezo amalenga majini.

zinthu zina kuti akhale chimayambitsa chilemacho

Inde, kutengera za kumtundu kuti yopanda chilema kwambiri kumaonjezera ngozi ya pakuwonekera kwake. Koma lero ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri ngati madokotala matenda mukukhulupirira cheza (mayi woyembekezerayo mungawapange cheza kukhudzana osati mankhwala, koma basi nthawi yomwe anakhala zawo m'madera zakhudzana). Mankhwala, mankhwala mafuta yosiyanasiyana feteleza kupanga komanso chifukwa cha kuti ayamba bwino kukhala ndi chubu ubongo mu mwana wosabadwayo.

Pakali pano, anthu ambiri adziwe, ndi oopsa kwambiri moyo wa anthu kudya zosinthidwa chibadwa chakudya. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti ngati mayi woyembekezera molakwa mankhwala ofanana, izo kumaonjezera ngozi ya kudwala matenda oopsa mu mwana wake. Ngakhale mphika otentha, zomwe zimatengera mkazi mimba oyambirira kungakhale ngati chilema.

Akamakonda akuchikazi zakudya madokotala amatchedwa zimayambitsa vuto ubongo chubu. Mkazi ayenera kusonyezedwa ndi mwapadera kwa iye pa nthawi yonse ya mimba. Ngati kumene zina pamwamba akupezeka mu moyo wa mayi woyembekezera, ayenera kukhala okonzeka chifukwa chakuti pakati adzaphatikizapo kubadwa pangozi kwambiri, yomwe ndi ubongo chubu chilema.

Kodi n'zoona kuti azimayi ndi kulemera mkulu chiopsezo zopindika ubongo chubu limatuluka?

Si kale anadzatchedwa zotsatira za maphunziro amene anatsimikizira mfundo yakuti akazi onenepa kwambiri woyembekezera, ngozi ya zopindika ubongo chubu mu mwana wosabadwayo mu kawiri kuposa a anthu a yaing'ono kulemera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti amayi tsogolo miyeso singakwane, azimuth izi silinkachitidwa.

Izi inakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a mlandu mbiri ya California akazi amene anapeza ubongo chubu chilema mwana wosabadwayo. Iwo amaonanso choncho mu nthawi kuchokera 1989 1991. Zotsatira za phunziroli anasonyeza kuti akazi ndi kulemera owonjezera thupi kumawonjezera kudwala matenda a mwa 2.1 nthawi. Koma, chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti deta izi sikumangotikhudza kuonjezera kupatsidwa folic mowa asidi, kupanda yomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene kuvutika ubongo chubu mu mwana wosabadwayo.

Kodi n'chiyani chikuchitikira zipatso pamene ali kuswa amenewa?

Kuti timvetse mmene ubongo chubu chilema wosabadwa akufotokozera, m'pofunika osachepera mawu ambiri, kumvetsa zimene ndondomeko za embryogenesis.

Kotero, sabata loyamba mimba udzatha mapangidwe mfundo embryonic. Chachiwiri - ichi ndi nthawi mapangidwe ziwalo ofananira mu mwana wosabadwayo, pamene mwachangu osauka gawo extraembryonic. Monga tanenera kale, Msabata lachitatu - nthawi pamene chubu ubongo aumbike kwa mbale wapadera. Masabata oyambirira atatu ndi nthawi neurulation chachikulu. mathithi Secondary pa nthawi yomweyi ya masabata 4-7 kuchokera pamene lingaliro.

Kale mu nyengo ino akhoza kuswa lamulo, mwachitsanzo msana dizrafii. Kudwala kwa chubu ubongo wakupambana mu makhalidwe lumbosacral msana chidzachitike m'tsogolo, kumachitika kokha pamene neurulation sekondale. Tsopano zimaonekeratu kuti chitukuko nthenda ya chubu ubongo mu mwana wosabadwayo amayamba ndi milungu yoyambirira ya mimba, nchifukwa chake zochizira matenda zimenezi zikuchitika mu mawonekedwe a popewa chitukuko cha zilema zake. Choncho, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba pamaso mimba ndi kupitiriza pa milungu yoyambirira gestation.

Mu chitukuko vuto ubongo chubu ali zizindikiro zake

Monga matenda kapena matenda chitukuko lenileni, mapangidwe ndi ubongo chubu chilema mwana wosabadwayo ali ndi zizindikiro zake.

Zizindikiro za msana dizrafii mankhwala amakono amaona mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Anamubisa mphanga msana: chotero chilema nthawi zambiri m'dera lumbosacral. Ndi zoopsa chifukwa zizindikiro matenda iye palibe. kudwala amenewa amapezeka kwathunthu mwangozi Mwachitsanzo, patapita msana radiography. Palibe kusintha kwakukulu kwa khungu, nthawi zina pamakhala mawanga mdima kapena talc. Izi mphanga chobisika chilichonse oipa uta chatsekedwa mmodzi wa vertebrae lapansi. A matenda ofanana ali zotsatira anasangalala, monga usiku incontinence, kuphwanya yofunika kwambiri kaimidwe zolondola, kufooka kwa minofu ya miyendo, kupweteka dera lumbar, ndipo ngakhale mapindikidwe mapazi. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kuti muone ngati pali mapangidwe olondola a chubu ubongo mu mwana wosabadwayo.
• Enaake akuwaza lotseguka: iwo umatchedwanso woona hernias msana. Iwo akhoza kutenga maonekedwe a tsankho protrusion wa Dura Mater. Nkhani za hernias amenewa ndi mowa kuti ndi cerebrospinal madzimadzi. Izi lalikulu ndondomeko matenda angathe vertebrae awiri kapena atatu. anthu ambiri amene anabadwa wotero chilema, mwangwiro anakhala ndi moyo wautali ndi wosangalala. Opaleshoni mu Zikatero, madokotala amalangiza ntchito kokha pamene pali kukula weniweni wa chophukacho msana. Ngati fupa chilema analanda 3-5 vertebrae, wodwalayo adzayenera zinachitikira minofu kufooka ndi incontinence. Koma, mwatsoka, matenda ambiri limene likuthandiza 6-8 vertebrae. Khungu pa chophukacho ndi kwambiri wochepa thupi, ndipo kuunikiridwa mwa nembanemba Pia pepala. Ichi ndi choopsa kwambiri mtundu wa chilema, nthawi zambiri umatha ndi yopuma chophukacho sac ndi outflow wa madzimadzi cerebrospinal.
• Ndi ugliness kwambiri ankaona mphanga msana ndi zimakhala zofewa, omwe limodzi ndi mapangidwe zosalongosoka wa chingwe msana. Chotero chilema ndi moyo pafupifupi sikugwirizana.

Chidwi n'chakuti malo hernias amenewa mu 90% milandu imagwera pa dera lumbar, ndipo kawirikawiri anati mu thoracic kapena khomo lachiberekero dera. Zimenezi anafotokoza kuti ngati chilema amapezeka mwana wosabadwayo, mimba nthawi zambiri amawapopa mowiriza mimba (padera). mazira amenewa amaphedwa chifukwa chongoti mapangidwe chawo kutali kuli kovuta.

Kodi matenda chilema kapena kuvutika ubongo chubu?

Onani ubongo chubu chilema mu US okha trimester wachitatu wa mimba. Koma zisanachitike, pali zambiri mwayi kupeza kudwala ofanana.

Choyamba, monga tanenera kale, m'pofunika kuchita matenda kuyambirira, amene analimbikitsa mu nthawi ya kukonzekera tsogolo mimba. Muyeneranso akakumane ndi azamba-gynecologist, urologist ndi chibadwa. Ngati n'kotheka, ayenera mayeso kuti asonyeze mlingo wa chiopsezo kubereka mwana ndi chilema cha chubu ubongo. Komanso, m'pofunika kuwerenga kwambiri mabuku. Izi zidzathandiza kuti amadziwa chubu ubongo wa mwana wosabadwayo, komanso zotheka kuphunzira malangizo onse akatswiri, amene adzakhala zothandiza inu m'tsogolo.

Pambuyo mimba, simungakhoze kuchita popanda kuyendera mwezi wa azamba ndi. The trimester chachiwiri cha mimba nthawi zonse limodzi ndi zonse magazi kuti Moms m'tsogolo. Ndi kale zotheka kuchita ultrasound Kupenda mwana wosabadwayo. Musachite manyazi kufunsa katswiri pa udindo wa mwana, makamaka ngati muli gulu la akazi ndi chiopsezo cha kuvutika ubongo chubu kuchuluka.

Mu trimester lachitatu, kale zotheka kuona ultrasound kobadwa nako malformation wa mwana wosabadwayo, zomwe zayamba chifukwa chakuti chubu ubongo anali malformed. Photos wa mwana wosabadwayo m'mimba kutsimikiza matenda, inu angasonyeze katswiri wina.

Ngati mmodzi mwa magawo a mapangidwe a ubongo chubu chilema wakhala anatsimikizira, ndi zifukwa zabwino kuukitsa nkhani ya kuchotsa mimba. Komabe, choyamba muyenera kudziwa mlingo wa kuphwanya, chifukwa ena mwa mitundu yake ndithu ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Today malformation chubu ubongo, amene anasonyeza kukhala yoopsa malformation angathe kudzudzulidwa ndi alowererepo pa opaleshoni. diagnostics zina zomwe zingafunike pambuyo mwamuika matenda amenewa, chifukwa mimba - ndi kuchoka lomaliza.

Chithandizo vuto ubongo chubu

Chithandizo cha mavuto amene anayambika chifukwa chakuti mapangidwe chubu ubongo linathyoka, inu mukhoza kuyamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa. Atangomva madokotala adzachotsa sizofunika kuti moyo wa mwana, ndiyo kubwezeretsa mowiriza kupuma ndi kutentha thupi onani wakhanda, chophukacho pamwamba yomweyo ayenera kusonyezedwa disinfectants ndi kuphimba ndi matawulo wosabala. Pambuyo kukambirana ndi makolo, ngati akugwirizana opaleshoni, kubadwa ndi kunditumiza ku dipatimenti neurosurgical, pamene kafukufuku zonse zofunikira, chifukwa popanda iwo, opaleshoni sangapambane.

Ngati pali kuopseza ndi chophukacho chophukacho, kung'ambika ikuchitika yomweyo. Apo ayi, mukhoza kudikira mpaka mwana akukula. chisankho otere wolungama ndi chakuti mipata - ndi "lotseguka chipata" kwa mtundu uliwonse wa matenda. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo kuchotsa hernias zimachitika suppurative kutupa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pafupifupi 78% ya achinyamata amene akudwala anaonekera mavuto ofanana. Tikumbukenso kuti pasanathe masiku pambuyo opaleshoni umoyo ana dekhetsa. Komabe, 5% ya ana adakali pa chiopsezo.

Komanso n'kofunika chakuti ngati mukhala ndi ntchito zofanana ana akhanda, ingathandize kubwezeretsa umphumphu wa Dura Mater. Ndi, mwana kukhazikitsa pambuyo opaleshoni sankaganiza, ndipo izo kudikira wabwinobwino zonse. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti kufufuza kuyambirira umachitikira pamaso opaleshoni mwamsanga. Kodi mayesero zofunika kokha kuti apulumutse mwana ndipo salola kuti akhale ndi chilema moyo. Nkofunika tengani ndi nthawi postoperative. Kuti konzanso kunachitika mosavuta ndi wopanda mavuto, ndi malangizo onse a dokotala amachitira ayenera kutsata mosamalitsa.