Chithokomiro chotupa zolembera. Amene chotupa chikhomo limasonyeza khansa chithokomiro?

Cancer - mkwapulo m'ma XXI, ndi patsogolo ikuyenda, ndi milandu yambiri ya khansa. Imodzi mwa njira yatsopano kwa kudziwika zotupa khansa - zolembera chotupa. Kodi izo ndi ndingam'dalire kudzipenda moteromo?

ndi chotupa zolembera Kodi

The chizindikiro mawu amachokera English chizindikiro mneni, kutanthauza "awonetse, kuti adziwe chinachake." Chotupa zolembera - dzina wamba magazi kapena mkodzo pamaso pa kuda, kapena "Tags" kuti kusiya kansa yotupa mu thupi pobadwa, mapangidwe ndi kukula.

Choncho zotsatirazi ndi mapuloteni kapena michere ndi kuwonongeka malonda awo. mapuloteni amenewa amapangidwa kaya ndi khansara, kapena chitetezo cha m'thupi poyankha njira khansa mu thupi.

Malinga chotupa akhoza kupanga mapulotini osiyana. Choncho, izi zimatanthauza kuti zolembera chotupa kutchula kumene mwina palibe khansa X-ray. N'chifukwa chake kuwunika ntchito ngati njira yodziwira, pamodzi ndi zizindikiro, monga ultrasound ndi x-ray.

Zosiyanasiyana ndi zolembera chotupa omwe akusonyeza

Malinga ndi muyezo, oposa 200 mitundu ya zolembera chotupa The otchuka ambiri a iwo zotsatirazi:

• PSA (Prostate);
• UBC (chikhodzodzo);
• SA125 (mazira);
• SA 15-3 (chifuwa);
• SA 19-9 (m'mimba, matumbo, kapamba);
• SA 242 (intestine, ndi kapamba);
• HCG (mazira, testes, chiberekero);
• AFP (kwa chiwindi khansa, ndulu, n'kuwasanganiza, etc.);
• B-2-MG (khansa ya magazi ndi lymph mfundo);
• CEA (carcinoembryonic Antigen).

Mu parentheses amasonyeza kutanthauzira wa khansara, zimene zikusonyeza mndandanda chotupa pentopeni. Monga mmene taonera, ena amanena kuti malo enieni, pamene ena kusintha matenda. Choncho, nthawi zambiri ntchito osakaniza zolembera. Mwachitsanzo, mu milandu amaganiziridwa khansa pancreatic kutumikiridwa kamodzi SA 242 ndi SA 19-9, ndi khansa yamchiberekero - AFP, SA125 ndi hCG. Koma Mulimonsemo, pa kupatuka mwakale Pakufunika ndi matenda mabuku.

Pamene ntchito mu kusanthula zolembera chotupa

Aziwachitira milandu zotsatirazi:

• amaganiziridwa chotupa chimene sangathe kuona ndi kuyendera masomphenya;
• kayendetsedwe ka musabise;
• pa chiopsezo chotupa chija;
• ndi amaganiziridwa metastasized;
• ngati muyeso njira, mu cholowa ndiponso mavuto ena;
• monga mbali ya matenda bwino;
• kuyan'anila bwino chithandizo ndi zotsatira zabwino a ndende wayamba ndichepe.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti kusanthula asanakwatire zolembera chotupa a chithokomiro ngakhale mtanda sikokwanira kuthetsa kapena M'malo mwake, zimatsimikizira kuti kukhalapo kwa chotupa.

chithokomiro Cancer

Mtundu wa khansa n'chosoŵa, makamaka pakati pa akazi ndi okalamba. Mabele England - chiwalo kuti umabala kwambiri mahomoni kwambiri. Kusowa kapena owonjezera imakhudza kukula, chitukuko maganizo, ndi kupukusa chakudya ndi thanzi ambiri. Ili patsogolo pa thupi ndi khosi amaoneka ngati gulugufe: lobes ziwiri zolumikizana ndi Korinto woonda. Chifukwa cha zakazi m'malo kawirikawiri wapezeka pa siteji oyambirira pa palpation ndi wodwala, mwachitsanzo, amasamba pamwamba malo.

khansa chithokomiro ali 4 mitundu:

1. Papillary - pafupifupi 75% ya malignancies onse mu chithokomiro England. Sachedwa intrusions olanda ziwalo pafupi kapena lymph mfundo.
2. Follicular - chachiwiri makamaka khansa chithokomiro. chifukwa chachikulu - ayodini akusowa. Ndi mtundu wa khansa chotupa sakutero zambiri masamba chithokomiro England.
3. Medullary. A kutupa choopsa kwambiri ndi izo pafupifupi si kudziunjikira ayodini nyukiliya, zimene zimapangitsa mankhwala mu izo operewera.
4. Anaplastic. Pakuti mtundu uwu amakhala ndi kukula mofulumira ndi zizindikiro yowala zikuchitika: hoarseness, kutsokomola magazi, wheezing pamene kupuma, kuwonda ndi vuto kupuma. The osachepera wamba koma yoopsa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za khansa chithokomiro

Zizindikiro za chotupa zotsatirazi zizindikiro ndi:

• kusasa mawu;
• lakuthwa fluctuation mu thupi;
• lingaliro la maganizo ndi imfa ya mphamvu;
• ululu pamene Pomeza;
• osadziŵika malungo;
• yatupa Chotupa chija.

Ngati pali chisonyezo chimodzi, udatha nkhawa, ndi pamene awiriwo kwa mndandanda, muyenera ndithudi apezeke. Komanso matenda ayenera kuonedwa zonse kwa anthu amene ali ndi mbiri ya achibale ndi khansa chithokomiro.

njira matenda

The njira kwambiri nkhani matenda ali motere:

• Chithokomiro ultrasound;
• phunziro morphological (chotupa cha mpukutu biopsy cytology);
• atayezetsa kwa zolembera chotupa a chithokomiro.

Koma mosiyana, palibe mmodzi wa iwo kuti matenda sizikhudza. Ngati mukukayikira kuti chotupa mu kusanthula kwa zolembera chotupa m'pofunika ultrasound kwa kudziwika chotupa yokha ndi malo ake enieni. Pa kudziwika chofunika kuphunzira morphological kudziwa mlingo wa chotupa chija. Ndiyeno yekha anapezeka.

Yunifolomu kukula kuchuluka amasonyeza ndondomeko pathological ku England lapansi. Mwachibadwa, mabele England mu akazi ndi zosaposa 19 CC 25 CC a anthu. A khansa yodziwika ndi excrescence m'goli kuti Tingaone pa ultrasound.

matenda oyambirira a matenda kupulumutsa moyo wa wodwala, monga pa 1 ndi magawo 2 khansa akhoza bwinobwino ankachitira ndipo milandu ya machiritso pa umodzi 3. Pa siteji 4, madokotala sindingathe basi kuti tidzakhale ndi moyo ndi kuthetsa mavuto.

zolembera chotupa nkhani za khansa chithokomiro

Choncho chimene chimasonyeza chotupa chikhomo khansa chithokomiro? Oncomarkers Awa ndi mahomoni kuti amapangidwa chitsulo, ngati ali ndi chotupa kapena kusintha zina osachiritsika. Iwo mahomoni monga calcitonin ndi thyroglobulin. Komanso, kukula chotupa limasonyeza mlingo wa carcinoembryonic Antigen CEA kapena chidule.

Chotupa zolembera a chithokomiro calcitonin opangidwa ndi mabele C-maselo. Iye akuwulula matenda a mtundu medullary khansa.

Thyroglobulin amapangidwa ndi maselo zaminyewa. A magazi kuti thyroglobulin ndi zimasonyeza okha papillary ndi follicular khansa. Pamene zopatuka mwakale kudzayesedwa kwa mlingo wa thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine (T3 ndi T4) ali zimasonyeza.

Aliyense ali kulunjika yake:

1. Mlingo wa Antigen carcinoembryonic kumawonjezera pa malo osiyana khansa, kuphatikizapo chithokomiro England.
2. Thyroglobulin mlingo limatuluka ambiri pa muyambirenso khansa ya chithokomiro England.
3. The timadzi calcitonin ukuwonjezeka khansa medullary chithokomiro.

Kukonzekera kwa kusanthula

Kuti zotsatira yodalirika pamaso kusanthula yoperekera kwa zolembera chotupa a chithokomiro Mpofunika zofunika zotsatirazi:

1. Analysis kugonja m'mawa pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba. Lekani kudya akulimbikitsidwa maola osachepera 8 isanafike yobereka, koma pang'ono madzi mukhoza kumwa.
2. maola 48 siyani kumwa mankhwala aliwonse ndi zowonjezera zakudya, mowa.
3. maola 24 kuti si bwino kudya zokometsera, mchere ndi kusuta.
4. Musati chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena mantha zotheka zolephera m'thupi kumachitika mwapanikizika.
5. Pakuti sabata kusiya kumwa kukonzekera m'thupi.

Ngati aliyense amafuna sangathe anakumana, m'pofunika kudziŵitsa wokonza, anapanga cholemba. Mwachitsanzo, kukana kudya nthawi zonse aliyense mankhwala amagwirizana ndi chiopsezo moyo.

Mphindi 5 pamaso yobereka magazi mlingo wa calcitonin kutumikiridwa kwa wodwala kwa kukondoweza kwa pentagastrin.

Mitengo kwa akazi ndi amuna

Kuchuluka kwa thyroglobulin mu mwazi wa munthu wathanzi zambiri si upambana 10 ng / mL, koma kuwonjezeka pang'ono si zoopsa monga malamulo pang'ono apamwamba. Mchikhalidwe mahomoni ena, monga calcitonin amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana.

Mfundo si yunifolomu, iwo zosiyanasiyana Laboratories osiyana. Koma ngakhale kupeza manja anu pa kusanthula zolakwika mwakale, si koyenera kuti mantha.

Ziwerengero kuti anthu nthawi zambiri ankachitira zasayansi, anyalanyaza dokotala, motsogozedwa ndi malamulo, koma ndi kulakwa. Ndipotu, monga lakutali matenda njira chilibe ntchito.

Koma ngati zinachitika, ndiye kuwunika ayenera ayesedwa ndi oncologist amene anapezeka kapena kuzitsutsa izo mwa ndikutumiza kumupima zina. M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti pamaso pa chotupa zizindikiro N'kutheka kuti mpweya kwambiri, nthawi 10 kapena 20. A kuwonjezeka pang'ono mfundo makamaka vuto ndi chithokomiro England.

10% ya anthu athanzi ndi ntchito apamwamba. Woyembekezera, manambalawo achuluke kwambiri ndi zabwino, chifukwa pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimasintha m'thupi. Pambuyo pa mapeto a mahomoni mkaka wa m'mawere ayenera kubwerera mwakale. Ndi zaka, ndipo mu njira yotupa mu thupi Komanso kumawonjezera ntchito.

Pluses onkomarkery zofufuza pa njira zina matenda

Kodi mungakhulupirire kusanthula kwa zolembera chotupa, ngati zinthu zochuluka zingakhudze n'loonadi ake? Monga njira iliyonse yodziwira ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, komanso zofunika yopapatiza.

Kuipa diagnostics zithunzi:

1. Pali chiopsezo kuti chotupa sadzakhala kuonedwa, makamaka pa siteji oyambirira.
2. A mlingo yaing'ono cheza kapena cheza mu atomu.

mayesero zoipa chifukwa zolembera chotupa ndekha, koma kwambiri - inaccuracy izi.

Ngati njira si amaona yekha, ndi wothandiza, zonena zonse izo sadzaoneka, kusanthula uzigwirizana bwino m'dera udindo wake. Monga kulamulira kwa resumption wa pochotsa kusanthula chotupa kukula chofunika kwambiri. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kuwunika mphamvu ya mankhwala ndi maonekedwe a zisadzachitikenso pambuyo chotupa kuchotsa. Koma njira yodziwira ultrasound woonekeratu. Pali chiopsezo kuti chotupa wayamba kukhala ndi chotupa zolembera zoipa.