Chipembedzo Mongolia. mabungwe achipembedzo. Chiwerengero cha Mongolia

Dera kumene thambo merges ndi steppe, kumene ulamuliro chipululu makamu a ngamila, ng'ombe ng'ombe ndi chihema woyera wa abusa woyendayendawu - ndi Mongolia, boma lomwe pachimake napambana kotala za dziko lapansi. Ndipo ndi magulu ambirimbiri a Genghis Khan. Tsopano nkhani za nthawi imeneyo amatikumbutsa ndi n'chodabwitsa tchire zakale kotero nthano za chuma ulemerero wa Wamkulu Khan.

amakono Mongolia

Modern - Mongolia ndi Democratic Republic aphungu lotsogoleredwa ndi mutsogoleli wadziko, olamulidwa kwambiri Hural. Chipembedzo chachikulu cha Mongolia - Chibuda. Language - Mongolian, ngakhale kumpoto zambiri zotheka kumva m'zilembo Chinese. The pafupi nthaŵi yaitali zikulumikizana chuma ndi ndale ndi Soviet Union anasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri ali bwino mu zinenero Russian ndi Chikazaki. Tsopano dziko ndi kumanganso ndalama zake, kudalira nyama husbandry ndi migodi. Kuli anthu opitirira mamiliyoni atatu.

Mongolia ndi chipembedzo

Traditional chipembedzo wakale wa Mongolia - Chibuda, ndipo ngati mwachindunji, ndi azimuth monga Lamaism. Wakubweka theka la chonse cha anthu. Asilamu Sunnis, Akhristu, otsatira a mizimu amapanga pafupifupi 10%.

Mpaka 1921 Chitibeta zikhulupiriro yokutidwa pafupifupi 95% ya anthu Mongolian. Akamadzalamulira Communist onse a zipembedzo anali kuzunzidwa. Aonongedwa mchitidwe umenewu kulumikiza Lama agulupa ku Siberia, kuponderezana kwa mtundu uliwonse anatsogolera chakuti lero m'badwo wonse wa Mongolia wamng'ono amadzitcha kukhala osakhulupirira (35%). Modern Mongolia akukumana funde yachipembedzo ndi kubweretsa zotsalira otaika.

Chibuda mu dziko

Chimodzi mwa zipembedzo zitatu zazikulu ankachita lero padziko lonse anthu mamiliyoni 360. Izi Chibuda, chipembedzo cha Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan, India, m'mayiko a kummawa ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Ngakhale kuti ali ngati chiphunzitso aumunthu. Abuda kulalikira chidziwitso cha dziko lapansi mwa chizindikiritso cha yekha - limagwirira za maganizo, ubale zomverera maganizo ndi thupi. Maganizo a chipembedzo cha pa kuvulaza, chitukuko cha nzeru ndi kuwunikidwa. Kulankhulana ndi magulu apamwamba akudutsa Abuda kudzera kusinkhasinkha. malo achipembedzo anawagawa nthambi zitatu: Hinayana, Mahayana ndi Vajrayāna (Mongolian chimake).

ammudzi dziko lonse la Abuda anasonkhana magulu awiri akuluakulu, mmodzi amene - Asian Chibuda Conference Mtendere - ali ku likulu lake ku likulu la Mongolia, Ulan Bator.

Features wa Mongolian Chibuda

Chitibeta kutanthauzira kwa Chibuda, amene amanena za anthu Mongolia, umatchedwa "Lamaism." Malangizo penapake wosinthika anakhazikitsa pakati pa mafuko wosamukasamuka, lomwe kuyambira nthawi zakale anali kukhulupirira mu Wamuyaya Blue Sky, amayi Earth, mizimu chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi, moto, nyama ... ndipo mzimu wa Genghis Khan - woyang'anira woyera wa dziko lonse. Mongolia anakhazikitsa chipembedzo pamene Chibuda ndi oipa ndiponso flexibly yothandiza awo chiphunzitso chachikunja amajambulapo maluwa okongola. Chifukwa cha kusintha ndipo anatengera uko kunali nthambi wapadera wa Chitibeta-Mongolian Chibuda - Lamaism. Chamene wa Vajrayana umalimbana kuwongolera maganizo ndi thupi, Kugawilidwa kwanthaka mphamvu psychophysical, kukwaniritsa limati zakuya za ndende.

Vajrayana mtsogoleri wauzimu - wotchedwa Dalai Lama, lomwe limatanthauza kuti "pamwamba sizichitika."

Achipembedzo Mongolia zokopa

nyumba achipembedzo kutumikira monga likulu la moyo Lama Chimonko - midzi yonse ya tiered nyumba akachisi, pagodas, chikumbutso maofesi. Ng'ombe kuswana ndi moyo wosamukasamuka okhalamo wakale wa steppes Mongolian Sichinatsitsidwe chinachititsa kuti okhala okhazikika. mfundo kokha ndi udindo okhazikika anakhala Mongolian mchitidwe umenewu. Monga paphata kulankhulana ndi miyambo ya chipembedzo, kenako inasanduka mizinda ndi midzi malo. Ena anali machitidwe osiyana. Ili makamaka m'mbali mwa mapiri, Lama nyumba kachisi kuyang'ana zokongola kwambiri ndipo mwakachetechete.

Islam ku Mongolia

Madera yofalitsira Islam Khovd ndi Bayan-Ulgii - m'gawo mbiri ya kuthetsa wa Kazakhs. Popeza mtundu umenewu pachikhalidwe Muslim, Islam akhoza ngati mbali ya chipembedzo wochokera ku Mongolia. Pamodzi ndi Kazakhs amati Islam anadza ku Turkmenistan - Khoton. Ngati Mongolian Kazakhs ndi mfundo zambiri okhwima m'chikhulupiriro, mu Houghton miyambo yamakolo monga kuchepetsedwa ndi miyambo ya m'deralo ndi zikhulupiriro, ngakhale kugwira chipembedzo chopatulika cha makolo athu, ndipo musaiwale kuti iwo - Asilamu.

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mizikiti Zoonadi mu moganizira anthu Muslim. Yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri iwo lili Uglie. Likulu la Mongolia, Ulan Bator anatchuka chifukwa akale mzikiti mbiri Bwererani Meng nayenso. Zosamukasamuka anthu utuluke ambiri wodzazidwa likulu la ana Muslim; iwo analenga likulu la chikhalidwe chawo pano ndipo posachedwapa kutsegula wina Cathedral Mosque.

Chikhristu Mongolia

Chikhristu ku Mongolia anaonekera kalelo. Okhulupirira amalonda ndi amisiri kamodzi anakhazikika m'dziko latsopano anamanga kachisi ndi anaitanidwa wansembe wawo. Pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa chipani cha Communist inaletsedwa chipembedzo chilichonse, kuphatikizapo Chikhristu.

Mu nthawi yomweyo ya chitsitsimutso malo achipembedzo cha Katolika ochepa ndi Orthodox, tikukhala mu Mongolia tinatha ndi madera awo ndi maparishi, kuyendera kachisi. Oyimira a chikhulupiriro ichi - ziri makamaka anthu amene akugwira ntchito kapena zifukwa zina mumangokhala mu dziko.

The Mission Catholic ukufanizidwa ndi maparishi anayi, atatu amene zili Ulaanbaatar, wina - mu mzinda wa Darkhan. Pali Akatolika lonse Mongolia si kwambiri - za anthu ambirimbiri.

Orthodoxy ku Mongolia ndi pano. Mu likulu, pali Utatu Church, wodzipereka mu 2009. mpingo wake - za zana antchito pafupi ndi Russian, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Georgia ndi anthu ochokera m'mayiko ena, omwe chikhulupiriro Orthodox ndi mbadwa.

Mongolian asing'anga

Mizimu monga chipembedzo cha Mongolia ali ndi malo kwambiri mu moyo am'deralo. Zotsatira amatenga chiyambi ku kulambira konyenga, komwe Mulingo wa milungu anamangidwira mphamvu zonse za chilengedwe ndipo ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Lamakono Mongolian asing'anga ndiribe kanthu kochita ndi charlatanism ndi umbuli. Awa olankhula lenileni, amene, kudzera zaka zambiri ntchito m'maganizo ndi thupi afika ungwiro apamwamba. Zimalowera mkhalidwe wapadera wa chizimbwizimbwi, ndi Ula akalandira kulankhula ndi mizimu, mphatso ya machiritso ndi kuwombeza. Chipembedzo mizimu umalimbana kulimbitsa ubwenzi wa thupi kuchokera wrapper wauzimu. Mongolian mizimu ndi yogwirizana Lamaism ndi lero ndi maonekedwe zokhumudwitsa za exoticism m'deralo. Ndipotu, maluso ndi maluso a asing'anga kwambiri chidwi ofufuza m'munda wa zamaganizo, ndi mwayi anthu.

Population: moyo ndi miyambo

Waukulu anthu Mongolia akadali kukhala moyo wosamukasamuka. Izi si msonkho kwa zizolowezi ndi miyambo. Ntchito yaikulu, kulola kuti mochepa,, ndi nyama husbandry. Anthu Nyumba Zoyenda Nazo wochezeka komanso zothandiza kuti aliyense mosaganizira chipembedzo. Kuchita choipa ndi kulolerana - izi ndi mfundo za chiBuddha ndi kukhulupirira mizimu. Koma malo a chipembedzo popanda kukhulupirira mphamvu zawo zothandiza, koma mwa chidwi kukaona Amitundu osavomerezeka. Mongolia ali tcheru kwambiri mu mizimu yawo.