Categorization ya malo pa ngozi moto ndi kuphulika: TCH. Categories ya malo kwa zowopseza moto ndi kuphulika: Zitsanzo

Kupanga masiku ano zobwezerezedwanso ndi ntchito wambirimbiri zipangizo flammable ndi zachiwawa. mizere alipo kupanga ndi zochokera pa liwiro mkulu wa ntchito. Kuchuluka zokolola zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka malire kuti magawo ovuta monga kutentha, kuthamanga, chiŵerengero cha oxidant ndi mafuta zigawo zikuluzikulu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kuwonjezera kuopseza angathe mabomba ndi moto, kowononga zimene zimachititsa wautali kwambiri zinthu kuwonongeka, chifukwa mu kuvulala kwambiri kapena imfa ya ogwira ntchito mwa makampani. Monga kusanthula ngozi yaikulu ndi mavuto awo Sichikupezeka yomanga yokha ya mabizinezi okha, komanso madera ozungulira zogona. Kafukufuku causality MASOKA luso amalola kuti atenge zofunika zodzitetezera, osati mwa ntchito ka katundu, komanso kakulidwe ka polojekiti ndi luso mapangidwe, yokonza machenjelero ndinso mapulani, komanso nthawi yomanga. Mu chimango ichi ntchito categorization wa malo kuphulika ndi ngozi moto. Taonani gulu ili mwatsatanetsatane.

mwachidule

Mawerengedwe a gulu kuphulika ndi malo moto chiopsezo amalola cholinga mtima wa msinkhu makonzedwe kuopseza onsewa luso. Kuchokera pa magawo awa ndi chitukuko ndi substantiation wa gulu ndi luso zothetsera. Nawonso, kuonetsetsa m'madera momwe akadakwanitsira ntchito mmalire a chiopsezo zovomerezeka.

normative m'munsi

Kupulumutsa moyo, thanzi, chuma cha mabungwe alamulo, ndi boma ndi boma moto ovomerezedwa ndi Chilamulo Federal nambala 123. Zake malo anatsimikiza ndi malangizo ofunika a lamulo luso mu dera lino. Mchitidwe normative akufotokoza zofunikira chitetezo kwa zipangizo, kuphatikizapo - zomangamanga, nyumba, zipinda, nyumba, kupanga moto luso ndi ambiri. N'chakuti pa chakudya cha anati Chilamulo Code wa Tsatani. Malinga ndi categorization zimenezi pa malo kuphulika ndi ngozi moto. SP 12. 13130. 2009 formulates ndi njira m'dera gulu. Izo zimatengera chiwerengero cha zipangizo ndi zinthu zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena mwa iwo. Akatswiri kuganizira njira zamakono. Malinga ndi malamulo anatsimikiza ndi gulu kuphulika ndi moto ngozi ya nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi kupanga. M'dera zolinga zina sindiyenera kukhala wogawanika.

i gulu

Categories wa malo chimwala ndi moto zowopseza atsimikiziridwa malinga ndi mtundu wa zipangizo kuyaka ndi zinthu zopezeka iwo, kuchuluka kwawo ndi katundu. Komanso, amaonanso danga akukonzekera njira m'dera ndi maonekedwe a njira imene ikuchitika mwa iwo. Katundu ndi zipangizo ndi zinthu zakonzedwa pamaziko a zotsatira analandira pamene kudziyesa kapena njira mawerengedwe muyezo kutenga nkhani zizindikiro udindo wake (kutentha, kuthamanga ndi ena). Chilolezo mwapatsidwa ntchito maumboni, mwalamulo m'mabuku pa zipangizo ndi katundu zinthu. Komanso amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mulinso zosakaniza zipangizo ndi mankhwala a chigawo owopsa.

mfundo kulekana

Category Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ya ngozi kuphulika ndi moto anakhazikitsa kuganizira ngozi zinthu, ndi katundu yomaliza ya nkhani yoyambira, zida makhalidwe, etc. Mu alipo njira kupatukana mfundo zotsatirazi .:

1. Kuzindikira kuthekera zolimbana (yeniyeni) Mphamvu kulephera.
2. Nkhani chiwerengero cha zipangizo ndi mankhwala abwino mapangidwe fumbi kapena nthunzi zosakaniza pachiswe.
3. Mogwirizana ndi katundu wa zipangizo zopangira ntchito pa ulimi.

Kudzera categorization wa malo chimwala ndi moto ngozi, akatswiri ayenera zosinthika kwambiri akumane tsoka kapena pa chamoyo yachibadwa kachitidwe sayansi ndi zinthu zimene kupanga izo. Mfundo zimenezi anapanga mfundo za amene ayenera kutsata pa gulu la.

Categorization ya malo pa ngozi moto ndi kuphulika: SP

Kuwunika fanizirani mlingo wa Ambuye kuwopsa ndi mlingo wa chitetezo kumatanthauza magulu asanu ndi magulu atatu. Tebulo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza makhalidwe awo.

Malinga ndi magulu awa zachitika categorization wa malo chimwala ndi ngozi moto. Mapiritsi, kuwonetsa mfundo nkhani kalasi wa chinthu. Iwo mfundo zofunika zolembedwa normative.

ndemanga

Machitidwe overpressure, umene uli 5 kPa ngati muyeso kachulukidwe kwa fumbi ndi mpweya zosakaniza. chithunzi Iyi ndi ndodo osati kufa. Categories wa malo chimwala ndi ngozi moto B1-B4 ofunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu chizindikiro. Izo zili zenizeni katundu (MJ / m2).

Categorization ya malo pa ngozi kuphulika ndi moto (GOST)

Mu gulu ayenera kuganizira thupi ndi mankhwala makhalidwe a zipangizo ndi mankhwala ndi magawo awo:

1. combustibility gulu.
2. Zolemba malire kuthamanga mu kuphulika ndi mlingo wake kuwonjezeka.
3. zinthu autoignition (kutentha).
4. zimatiyika ndende ya kufala kwa moto.
5. moto liwiro.
6. Autoignition kutentha.
7. Mpweya index.
8. flashpoint.
9. Poyatsira mphamvu (wotsikitsitsa).
10. Malire kutentha kwa lawi kafalitsidwe.
11. Luso la moto ndi zikuphulika pa kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ena, mpweya, madzi.
12. lawi kutentha.
13. kusuta m'badwo koyefishienti.
14. Magawo a mankhwala kawopsedwe inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kuyaka kwa mankhwala polymeric ndi zipangizo.
15. Normative mlingo wa moto kufala.
16. Osachepera Explosible ndende ya mpweya.
17. moto kufala index.
18. poyatsira kutentha.
19. Phlegmatizing osachepera ndende phlegmatizer.

chiwerengero cha magawo kofunika ndi chokwanira pa makhalidwe kuphulika ndi moto chiopsezo zipangizo ndi zinthu mu mawu a processing awo, kupanga, yosungirako ndi kayendedwe, mapulogalamu a amapereka Lachiwiri ndi GOST. nchito imeneyi angachichite kupanga dongosolo chitetezo pa pamalowo.

gulu la zinthu

Categorization nyumba ndi kuphulika ndi moto chiopsezo tidzakwatulidwa zochokera gulu zotsatirazi:

1. Mpweya ndi zinthu zimene mtheradi nthunzi kuthamanga pa kutentha. madigiri 25. wolingana kapena kuposa 101,3 kPa.
2. zipangizo olimba ndi filament kutentha (limatsogolera mfundo) kuposa madigiri 50. ndipo alibe konse.
3. Zakumwa ndi zinthu zimene zimalimbikitsa nthunzi kuthamanga pa kutentha. madigiri 25. ndi mavuto zosakwana 101,3 kPa 101,3 kPa.
4. Dusts anamwazikana zolimba, ndi tinthu kukula imene - zosakwana 850 microns.

zinthu zofunika kwambiri

Categorization nyumba ndi kuphulika ndi moto chiopsezo ikuchitika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Mogwirizana ndi zotsatira ambiri kusalabadira kwa kulephera chipangizo.
2. nkhani yonse ya unsembe mu chipinda.
3. Pa nthawi wofunikila shutdown kumachitika munthawi yomweyo kutayikira zinthu kuchokera kuthamanga ndi suction mapaipi.
4. Pafupifupi Time mabasi pamene Mwina kulephera kwa dongosolo basi si kuposa 10-6 pachaka kapena amapereka zinthu redundancy. Pa mlingo mkulu pa odulidwa basi - masekondi 120, kuika buku -. 300 gawo.
5. Evaporation chikuchitika padziko lapansi anakhetsa magalimoto flammable madzi ndi akasinja ndi galasi poyera ndi pamalo mwatsopano utoto. Malo anatsimikiza ndi mlingo wa 1 lita imodzi pa 1 sq. mamita malo. Popeza deta lina flammable zosakaniza index kuchita masamu pa kopanda kuti okwanira 1 madzi okhala 70% kapena zochepa zosungunulira udzathiridwa kumtunda 0.5 sq. m.
6. Kutalika kwa evaporation amaganiza kuti nyengo ya evaporation wathunthu, koma osati masekondi zoposa 3600.
7. Ngati chipangizo ukulephera kuganizira fumbi ake particles misa pano mu mbewu. Choncho pylenakoplenie anatengera malinga ndi mikhalidwe yachibadwa ntchito.
8. The ufulu buku mu chipinda akhoza kumwedwa wofanana 80% chonse pamodzi.

njira mtima

Kodi ndendende ndi categorization pa malo mwa ngozi kuphulika ndi moto? TKP 474-2013 - Code mchitidwewu, formulates njira gulu. Zosiyanasiyana wapangidwa ntchito njira deterministic ndi probabilistic. Ndi inawo amaganizira chikhalidwe mwachisawawa mwadzidzidzi. The njira probabilistic amatilola amanena mlingo chenicheni cha ngozi komanso nkhani zina zapadera. Njira deterministic zachokera kusanthula kachulukidwe wa angathe kumasulidwa mphamvu wowirikiza pa ngozi luso. Tikumbukenso mbali ya njira kuti ntchito kudziwa m'gulu la malo chimwala ndi ngozi moto. Mlanduwu kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti njira ntchito amakhala ndi Mwina wa zosayembekezereka ya ngozi, kupatulapo poyatsira gwero ndi zotsatira za lalikulu.

luso Code

Malinga ndi madalitso ake anagwira categorization ambiri a malo chimwala ndi ngozi moto. Dinani siligwira ntchito kwa zinthu, gulu anapangidwa motsatira malamulo apadera ndi malangizo. Kulekana, ikuchitika potsata ndondomeko ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zopanga zofunikira pofuna kuteteza malo pamene akukonzekera, kupeza chiwerengero cha storeys, ECW makulidwe. zipinda, achoke kwa anthu, unsembe zida zomangamanga, kuvomereza njira zaphindu ndi zina zotero. amafuna ayenera n'komwe mu ntchito yomanga, wamakono, kukhazikitsanso, luso kukonzanso zida, komanso kusintha njira yopanga kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu.

Mbali

Nthawi zina, amasonyeza Magulu a nyumba ndi ngozi kuphulika ndi moto? Zitsanzo za zinthu zimene ndikofunikira kugwira gulu mu funso, zotsatirazi:

1. Opaleshoni.
2. Design.
3. M'malo zida.
4. Kusintha umisiri.
5. Mkuntho.
6. M'malo mphamvu kupanga.

masiteji

Choyamba ayenera kuti si bungwe lirilonse akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito categorization pa malo ndi kuphulika ndi ngozi moto. License - chikalata zofunika akulamulira kupanga zinthu zimenezi. ntchito imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Mu gawo loyamba atolele mfundo zofunikira:

1. Kukula ndi makhalidwe a zinthu.
2. Galimoto zida malo (ntchito zojambula).
3. Datasheet.
4. Luso malamulo.
5. Magawo ndi chiwembu cha dongosolo mpweya wabwino.
6. Kapangidwe ka ulamuliro basi wa magawo ndondomeko.
7. Chiwembu wozimitsa dongosolo.
8. Other deta zogwirizana.

Ngati ntchito ikuchitika pa siteji kapangidwe ndi zofunika wachotsedwa zolembedwa za luso. Pa gawo lachiwiri Ndipotu, ndi mawerengedwe a magulu a.

malamulo Features

malamulo okhazikitsidwa pambuyo afufuze ndi kukhazikitsa magulu a malo. Chitetezo cha zinthu amaperekedwa malinga ndi State Standard. Ndi, makamaka, amafuna pamaso pa kachitidwe ka moto (SBS) ndi moto chitetezo (SDR). Komanso, makonzedwe a miyeso gulu ndi luso (OTM). State Committee Standardization komanso formulates zofunika njira kuteteza machitidwe MTP ndi SDR, amene amanena categorization wa malo chimwala ndi ngozi moto. NPB 105.03 (malamulo mosavomerezeka) kudziwa amafuna chitetezo yimitsira wagawo AOP (machitidwe basi kudziwika ndi poyatsira wozimitsa). Izi lamulo kwa mabungwe ndi makampani, kaya amayanjana departmental ndi maonekedwe a umwini, komanso anthu thupi. Yimitsira wagawo mtundu, mtundu lakhala njira, njira kuthetseratu kufala kwa moto, mtundu zida anaika malinga ndi makhalidwe njira zamakono chinthu kutetezedwa. Izi amaganizira njira moto ntchito ndi zofunika zolimbana. zomera Space zomangamanga ndi njira amphamvu ndi zinthu zina zipangizo kuyaka si uli, ndi cholinga chowapatsa AUOP ndi yimitsira unit. Kumadera kumene kuli moto alamu, muyenera kukhazikitsa dongosolo chitetezo. M'dera phunziro kukhala AUPT zida, ku 40% kapena zambiri za kukula okwana m'zipinda za, m'pofunika kupereka kwa unsembe wa dongosolo lonse mozungulira yomanga. Pakuti nyumba zokhuza B1 gulu, S yafupika ndi 20%. Mu gulu ili m'dera B3 yomanga amaloledwa kuonjezera ndi yofanana.

Pomaliza

Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, nthawi zambiri opanga ndi akatswiri amakhala ndi mavuto pakugawa nyumba ndi malo. Pakalipano, kukhazikitsidwa ndi gulu loyenera ndilofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kumanga nyumba. Ngati ntchitoyi ikuchitika molondola, ndiye kuti nkhani zonse zamakono zomwe zidzatuluke pambuyo pake zidzathetsedwa molondola. Malingana ndi malamulo a Federal Law No. 69, woyang'anira aliyense akuyenera kutsatira zofunikira za PB. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti ntchitoyi iyenera kupereka ndondomeko ya bungwe ndi njira zothandizira kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa zoopseza kuti zipangizo zowonongeka zizikhala bwino, moyo ndi thanzi la ogwira ntchito, kusungirako zinthu zakuthupi ndi mafakitale. Zolakwa zovomerezeka pozindikira zoyenera kuchita zingapangitse kuti iwo asamakhale olephera. Izi, zowonjezera, zidzatengera ndalama zosagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zolimbana ndi moto.