Capillary - izo ... capillaries magazi. ntchito capillaries

Aliyense chamoyo amoyo kulibe ndi kukhala opanda mpweya ndi zakudya. Mpweya kulowa mapapo kwa chilengedwe, kufalikira mu thupi , mitsempha ya magazi, omwe ali ndi dongosolo m'malo ovuta. magazi amaperekedwa ndi dzenje machubu - mitsempha, arterioles, precapillaries, capillaries postcapillaries, mitsempha, venules ndi arterioles-venous anastomoses. Mpweya woipa ndi zina kungotaya kagayidwe amagwiritsidwa m'thupi mwa zotengera. The zambiri iwo achotsedwa kuchokera pansi pa mtima, mphamvu nthambi awo mu ang'onoang'ono.

Capillaries: tanthauzo

Ngati mtsempha wamagazi ndi Vienna, motero, atanyamula magazi kuchokera mu mtima, ndipo iye, ndi zotengera chachikulu, capillaries - ichi ndi wochenjera kwambiri magazi chubu ndi awiri a microns 5-10. Ndipo ngati mitsempha ndi mitsempha, monga kudzera mu yobereka zakudya maselo samenya nawo njira mpweya kuwombola pakati pawo ndi magazi, ntchito anatumizidwa capillaries lapansi. Zimene choyamba a wasayansi Italy M. Malpighi, amene 1661 anawapatsa tanthauzo la kugwirizana pakati wolumikizira ndi ziwiya venous. Pamaso pake, William Harvey ananeneratu moyo wawo.

Kapangidwe ndi kukula kwa capillaries ndi

zotengera ang'onoang'ono ndi diameters pafupifupi ofanana ziwalo zosiyana. Ikuluikulu afike lumen wa 30 microns, ndipo ambiri yopapatiza - 5 microns. N'zosavuta onetsetsani kuti wokwanira capillaries magazi pa zigawo kudutsa lumen wa chubu alimbane ndi zigawo zingapo maselo za indofeliyamu, koma laling'ono wosanjikiza kusiyana aumbike maselo kamodzi kapena kawiri kokha. Chotero ziwiya woonda zili minofu, ndi dongosolo striated, ndi kuyambira awiri awo ndi zosakwana kuti maselo a magazi, yotsirizira podutsa m'magazi yopapatiza akukumana mapindikidwe yokulirapo.

The capillary - chubu woonda kuti mpanda wake imakhala maselo munthu za indofeliyamu amene ali pafupi zedi ndi mzake, alibe wosanjikiza minofu choncho sangathe kuotcha. Capillary maukonde zambiri lili magazi, 25% mabuku amenewo, amene kulumikiza mu izo. Koma kusintha mu mabuku awa chingapezeke pamene limagwirira kudziletsa lamulo, pamene maselo yosalala minofu ali omasuka.

Capillary bedi, venules, arterioles

magazi walangizidwa mtima mwa zotengera lalikulu, lomwe munapanga m'mitsempha. Capillaries kudutsa mitsempha magazi venules - zing'onozing'ono zigawo losonkhanitsidwa. Iwo anapanga mu malo enaake kugwirizana capillary, wotchedwa capillary bedi, ndi kuphatikiza mu mtsempha wa.

Ukugwirira ntchito ngati amodzi wosakwatiwa, capillary bedi malangizo okwanira m'dera magazi, zosowa minofu anakumana mu zofunika zakudya. Sitima yomwe yanyamula magazi mtima, chimatanthauza mtsempha wamagazi ndi. Capillary amalandira magazi kuchokera mtsempha wamagazi kudzera arteriole wa - kakang'ono kuposa izo, chotengera.

Arterioles mu m'thupi lisanafike capillaries. M'munda wa arteriolar nthambi capillaries mu Mitsempha zili mphete ena a minofu bwino lofotokozeredwa ndipo ntchito ya sphincter lapansi. Iwo zonse ndondomeko ya magazi ambiri zopezera capillaries. Bwinobwino lotseguka mbali chabe ka sphincters anacemerwa precapillary. Choncho magazi akhoza ikuyenda pa nthawi ino kupyolera mu njira zonse zilipo.

Mbali khalidwe la magazi mu capillary bedi malo ndi kuti pali mowiriza m'zinthu zosangalatsa nthawi ndi kuchepetsa minofu yosalala zimakhala yozungulira ndi precapillaries arterioles. Iwo limakupatsani kulenga alternating, likukulira otaya magazi kudzera zopezera capillaries.

Nchito ya capillary za indofeliyamu

capillary endothelium ali permeability chokwanira pa kuwombola pakati pa mwazi ndi thupi, zimakhala osiyanasiyana zinthu. Choncho zimene zimapangitsa capillaries, ndi kulanda zakudya ndi mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya.

Madzi ndi zinthu kusungunuka mmenemo, ndi zambiri zosavuta kudutsa khoma chotengera malangizo onse. Koma pa mapuloteni chomwecho ndi maselo magazi kukhala mkati capillaries lapansi. Kupangidwa mu moyo wa mankhwala ndondomeko komanso kudutsa chotchinga magazi kusamutsa kwa malo excretion thupi. Choncho, capillary - mbali yofunika mbali ya zimakhala zonse za thupi, kupanga yaikulu mtima network inakula ndi kukhudzana wolimba ndi nyumba foni ya. ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kupereka zipangizo kachitidwe, zonse zofunikira kugwira ntchito bwinobwino, ndi kuchotsa zinyalala zinthu.

Nthawi zina kukula maselo akhoza kukhala waukulu kwambiri akakufunsani kudutsa maselo za indofeliyamu. Pankhaniyi, kusamutsa iwo ntchito kapena njira adani - endocytosis kapena maphatikizidwe - exocytosis. Mu njira yotupa mu thupi limene kupanga capillaries, ndi mbali ya chitetezo ayankhe limagwirira. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa za indofeliyamu pamwamba ndi tinthu lilime, limene sachedwa maselo mthupi ndi kuwathandiza kusuntha kwa malo matenda kapena kuwonongeka ena danga extravascular.

Aliyense capillary - gawo zikuluzikulu za maukonde ambirimbiri amene amapereka magazi ziwalo zonse. Choncho ikuluikulu thupi ochulukirapo capillary maukonde. Ntchito apamwamba maselo kagayidwe kwambiri, chiwerengero cha zipangizo zochepa chofunika kuthandiza zosowa za zinthu zosiyana.

kayendedwe ka magazi kudzera maukonde capillary

Magazi akufalitsa mu m'thupi, osati chifukwa kuthamanga analengedwa mu mitsempha chifukwa yogwira rhythmic chidule cha makoma wolumikizira, koma kudzera mwa yogwira chidule ndi kukula capillary. capillaries magazi zimakhalanso pang'onopang'ono magazi, liwiro omwe si mamilimita oposa 0.5 pa mphindi. Izi chimaoneka ndi kuyang'anila zambiri za ndondomeko imeneyi. Pa nthawi yomweyo chidule ndi kukula ziwiya yaing'ono angafikire 70% ya m'mimba mwake wa lumen wa. Physiologists angathe kumumanga Mbali imeneyi adventitial ukugwirira ntchito zinthu zomwe ayende ziwiya magazi ndi capillaries anafotokozedwa monga maselo wapadera amatha kuotcha.

Amagwiritsidwanso ankaganiza kuti okha za indofeliyamu capillary makoma ndi elasticity zina ndi contractility zotheka ndipo angasinthe kukula kwa lumen wa. Akatswiri ena amati iwo anali asanaonepo kuchepetsa yochepa maselo za indofeliyamu mu malo amenewo kumene palibe maselo adventitious. zinthu Pathological monga zilonda zamoto kapena mantha zingachititse dilation wa capillaries ndi 3 zina kuposa wabwinobwino. Pano, monga ulamuliro, pali kuchepa kwambiri mlingo wa magazi, amene amalola kuti kudziunjikira mu bedi capillary mu malo kuwonongeka. Psinjika wa capillaries komanso kumabweretsa kuchepa magazi mathamangidwe mu iwo.

mitundu itatu capillaries

capillaries mosalekeza ndi anthu amene selo foni mphambano ndi wandiweyani kwambiri. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mayamwidwe wa mamolekyulu ang'ono ndi ayoni.

mtundu wina wa capillaries - fenestirovannye. Makoma awo Amawapatsa lumen kwa mayamwidwe wa mamolekyulu zazikulu mankhwala awo. capillaries amenewa zili endocrine zopangitsa, matumbo ndi ziwalo zina, yomwe ikuchitika kuuzana tima zinthu pakati magazi ndipo zimakhala.

Sinusoidal - capillaries amenewa, khoma limene amasiyana kapangidwe ndi masiyanidwe wamkulu wa lumens mkati. Zilipo ziwalozo kumene kulibe pamwamba, ndi mitundu lililonse.

mavuto mtima

Mitsempha, mitsempha, capillaries - iwo sachita kutetezedwa ku makhalidwe zachilengedwe ndipo zimakhala phunziro kwa kuwonongeka. Pangozi ndi mitsempha ya magazi ambiri yowawitsa ya thupi. The capillaries ayenera kukhala laling'ono kwambiri kuti kudali ku maselo yekha madzi chigawo chimodzi cha magazi, osati lamanja, ndi lolemererapo kulekanitsa. Choncho, awa ziwiya abwino, za indofeliyamu lotayirira khoma kudzera amene njira mayamwidwe chichitike zinthu. Ndendende chimene iwo zigwirizana ochepa zigawo selo, ndi kuwapanga iwo Chimaona.

Capillaries mulibe monga mitsempha ndi mitsempha, wosanjikiza zozitetezera. Choncho, iwo alibe chitetezo asatengere kunja ndi zisaonongeke ndi zinthu zimasenza pamodzi ndi magazi. Aliyense kuwonongeka kapena matenda ziwiya magazi amakhudzidwa choyamba. Ngati zinthu izi zimachitika pamene capillaries amaphulika ndipo kuonongeka, iwo amalephera kukwaniritsa chachikulu michere kutengerapo ntchito yake. Pankhaniyi, selo sakhala iwo kuchokera chotengera ndi khoma lawonongeka liwiro ntchito yawo ndi kufa. Ndipo chakudya magazi akusokoneza mu chiwalo kapena chiwalo dziko lonse, iwo anayamba selo imfa chachikulu chifukwa akusowa zofunika pa umoyo wawo. Choncho, thupilo adzayamba kukhala matenda, mmodzi amene anayamba kuwononga capillaries.

Pagalasi

Nthawi zambiri, kuyang'ana pa chinyezimiro chake pa galasi, mukhoza kuona pa nkhope za zingwe zazing'ono - capillaries ofiira omwe kulibe pamaso. Ambiri amachita mantha, kuwatengera maonekedwe a zizindikiro za matenda oopsa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 80% ya anthu ndi pa kusintha kumeneku, pamene dilated capillaries kukhala kuonekera kudzera pakhungu. Choyamba, amasonyeza kuti ntchito yachibadwa ziwiya wosweka. Ngakhale palokha patsogolo mavuto ambiri thanzi la capillaries si ntchito, akhoza kumawonjezera maonekedwe. Mtima thumba pa nkhope - a rosacea - ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda, mbali yake kulibe vuto ndithu, koma ndi chizindikiro za mavuto mu thupi.

zimagwirira matenda

Choyamba, pali patsogolo ndi kuphatikiza chotengera moti ayamba imaonekera khungu ndi zionekera. Nthawi zambiri, zodabwitsazi zingaoneke pa nkhope kapena pa khungu la manja ndi mapazi. Ndiye n'kakang'ono connective minofu ya pakhungu, ndipo magazi zotengera ili pansi kukwezedwa tikhale tuberosity ndi achuluka kuwoneka. Kuopsa pano kupatulira ndi kufooketsa kwa capillary makoma okha, ndipo zimenezi zingayambitse chotupa awo. Ndipo ngati capillaries anali amaphulika, m'pofunika kukhwimitsa osati kuthetsa zopindika zodzikongoletsera, komanso kuzindikira ndi kuchitira pathologies, amene anali chifukwa cha kuvulala mtima.

Zimayambitsa capillaries pathologies

Kupondelezedwa kwa microcirculation akhoza chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zingapangitse. Choyamba, apa pazikhalanso kuthamanga magazi ndi zaka amasintha ziwiya. chiwonongeko choncho chifukwa cha kukalamba lake lonse. Various khungu kutupa, nkhanza sunbathing, aakulu hypothermia patsogolo kwa kuphwanya umphumphu wa pakhoma capillary.

Chikuonetseratu ena wothandizila mahomoni kuti ndi zotsatira ulesi pa Mitsempha, kuwachititsa kuti mukulitse ndi kuwonongeka. Pa nthawi yomweyo angakhudzidwe madera akuluakulu ndi kukhala zosokonezeka. kudwala amenewa angayambe pamene capillary m'thupi kuwonongeka chamoyo, monga mimba, mimba kapena pambuyo pobereka. Matenda a m'chiwindi, zipolowe za pa coagulation magazi kapena venous outflow kukhala chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa capillaries lapansi. The yofunika ankaimba ndi kutengera za kumtundu pa nkhani imeneyi.

Dilated capillaries mwana

Akukhulupirira kuti woonda mavuto magazi chotengera akhoza Musiyeni akulu okha. Koma chigweranso kuti capillaries dilated zimachitika pa nkhope mwanayo. zimayambitsa mwina kusintha m'thupi, chibadwa kapena nyengo zokhudza mwanayo khungu wosakhwima. Childs, mavuto awa chokani okha akamakula mwana. Koma kuti aone kuopsa pathologies zikuluzikulu, makolo ayenera kuonana ndi dermatologist, amene adzaweruza za kufunika kwa chithandizo, kapena nthawi ya zodabwitsazi.