Bungwe Security UN. Permanent mamembala Council Security UN

Pakati pa mabungwe otchuka mu dziko nthawi kutchula UN. Chidziwitso cha momwe ntchito n'kofunika kuti aliyense amene akufuna kuyenda kwa zochitika zandale, ndi chuma cha dziko. Kodi mbiri ya bungwe ndi ndani phwando?

UN ndi chiyani?

The United Nations otchedwa ngati malo kuthetsa mavuto a anthu. Monga mbali ya UN ntchito makumi atatu mabungwe ena. ntchito yawo gulu cholinga choti lonse dziko ufulu wa anthu, kuchepetsa umphawi, ndipo anali nkhondo zonse ndi matenda ndi mavuto a zachilengedwe. gulu akhoza alowerere ndale za dziko lililonse, ngati Maphunzirowa zofuna za anthu ambiri amavomereza za makhalidwe abwino. Nthawi zina Maganizo a Bungwe la UN Security ndi ziletso zosiyanasiyana ndi m'mayiko amenewa akhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri.

Mbiri ya gulu

The zikamera wa UN zinachitika pa zifukwa zingapo nkhondo, andale ndi azachuma. Anthu azindikira kuti osatha zino za nkhondo Zimalepheretsa kutukuka wamba, choncho m'pofunika kukhwimitsa kuonetsetsa kuti malo amtendere, amatsimikizira bwino ndiponso patsogolo. Njira choyamba cha chilengedwe cha bungwe apangidwa mu 1941, pamene linakhazikitsidwa ndi ya Atlantic hayala ndi Declaration yolembedwa ndi boma la Soviet. Pa nthawi imeneyo, atsogoleri a mayiko akuluakulu kuti anakonza ntchito yaikulu imene inali kupeza njira mwamtendere padziko lonse. Chaka chotsatira mu Washington mayiko twente-sikisi nawo odana ndi Hitler Mgwirizano, anasaina Declaration za United Nations. Dzina la chida ichi m'tsogolo idzakhala maziko a dzina bungwe. Mu 1945, pa msonkhano, yemwe anapezeka ndi USSR, USA, China ndi United Kingdom, chikalata chomaliza, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa United Nations hayala analengedwa. June 26 - tsiku la Kusainirana pangano limeneli - imatengedwa kuti tsiku la United Nations.

Okhutira ya hayala wa United Nations

chikalata ichi ndi chimake cha zolinga zokomela a umunthu. Iwo formulates ufulu wachibadwidwe, ovomerezedwa ndi ulemu ndi mtengo wa moyo uliwonse, Kuyanjana pakathi pa amuna ndi akazi, kuyanjana kwa anthu osiyana. Malinga ndi hayala, cholinga cha UN ndi kukhala ndi mtendere dziko ndi yothetsa mitundu yonse ya mikangano ndi mikangano. Aliyense gulu imatengedwa kuti ndi wofanana ndi ena, ndipo afunika mokhulupirika kugwiritsa kudzipereka onse. No dziko ali ndi ufulu zingasokoneze ena kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. The UN ali ndi ufulu kanthu ntchito asilikali mkati boma lililonse. The hayala limasonyeza omasukirana a bungwe. Khalani chiwalo chimodzi dziko lililonse mtendere.

Mfundo UN ntchito

Bungweli sikukutanthauza boma m'dziko lililonse ndipo sangathe malamulo. Mwa mphamvu zake zimaphatikizapo mphatso za ndalama, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa mikangano ya mayiko, komanso kakulidwe ka ndale. Lililonse m'dziko limenelo ndi membala wa bungwe akhoza kunena maganizo awo. Ziwalo waukulu wa United Nations General Assembly kuganizira, Council Security, ndi Council Trusteeship, ndi Economic ndi Social, ndipo potsiriza, Secretariat. Iwo ali onse ku New York. Khoti la International of Human Rights, yomwe ili ku Ulaya, ndipo makamaka mu mzinda Dutch ya The Hague.

Council Security

Tikaganizira za nkhondo zonse ndi muyeso kusemphana maganizo mayiko ena, thupi ili ndi zofunika makamaka. Bungwe Security UN tichipeza maiko khumi. Tikumbukenso kuti teni nthawi adzasankhidwe malinga ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni. Mayiko asanu okha zonse m'gulu Bungwe la UN Security: Russia, Britain, China, United States ndi France. Bungwe watenga zochita, muyenera kuvotera kuti akadandaule anthu osachepera asanu ndi anayi. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha misonkhano kukhala kusamvana. Asanabwere awo, Council anatengera oposa 1,300.

Kodi thupi ili?

Asanabwere zake, Council Security UN ali ndi nambala inayake ya njira ndi mawonekedwe a chikoka pa zinthu zili m'dzikoli. State ulamuliro anganene chiweruzo, ngati zochita za dziko sagwirizana ndi malamulo. M'mbuyomu posachedwapa, mamembala Council Security United Nations anali osakhutira kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya South Africa. Pakuti khalidwe la boma akhala anadzudzula mobwerezabwereza atsankho mu dziko. Bwanji mu Africa, omwe zinasokoneza bungwe, anayamba ntchito asilikali ndi mayiko ena Pretoria. Pa nkhani ya United Nations zinalengedwa mwaubwino ambiri. Nthawi zambiri ndikaonekere kwa dziko kumaphatikizapo kutha kwa Nkhondo, anthu ofuna kusiya a asilikali. Pa mphindi, ndi nkhawa kwambiri za Council Security UN a Ukraine. mbali zonse za gulu Cholinga chake kuthetsa mikangano ndi conciliation. The ntchito yofanana kale ntchito pa chigamulocho wa nkhani Palestina ndi pa nkhondo zakale Yugoslavia.

mbiri

Mu 1948, Bungwe Security UN anakhazikitsa njira kuthetsa, ntchito magulu amatsata ndi utumwi lankhondo la zinthu zakuthambo. Iwo amayenera kulamulira, monga boma, amene anatumizidwa kuti m'chigamulocho complies ndi zofunikira za kutha kwa Nkhondo n'kusiya-moto. Mpaka 1973 anthuwa anatumiza mamembala okhazikika wa bungwe UN Security pakati mayiko a azungu. Pambuyo chaka chino, ndi akapitawo Soviet akhala gawo limodzi la ntchito. Iwo anatumidwa koyamba kwa Palestine. Ambiri akuluakulu supervisory akadali kulamulira zikuchitika ku Middle East. Komanso, mamembala achikhalire a Bungwe la UN Security kupanga utumiki kugwira ntchito zawo mu Lebanon, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Rwanda, El Salvador, Tajikistan ndi mayiko ena.

Cooperation ndi mabungwe ena

Zocitika za Council mowirikiza limodzi ndi ntchito losonkhanitsidwa ndi matupi dera. Cooperation kuvala chikhalidwe kwambiri osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zokambiranazo zonse, thandizo zamtendere, okhazikitsa mtendere, utumwi zakuthambo. Bungwe Security UN zingatenge malo molumikizana ndi OSCE ngati mmene zinachitikira pa nkhondo mu Albania. gulu nazonso teaming ndi magulu zachilengedwe zonse zimene zikuchitika ku kumadzulo kwa Africa. Pa nkhondo ya United Nations Georgia ophatikizidwa ndi CIS okhazikitsa mtendere mphamvu.
Mu Haiti, Bungwe mogwirizana ndi OAS mu chimango cha ntchito padziko lonse boma.

zida Council Security

Pamudzi dongosolo nkhondo dziko zonse zilibwino ndi akweza. A njira posachedwapa anayamba kulamulira nkhondo zanyukiliya ndi chilengedwe, kupewa kubuka mavuto, misa emigration, masoka achilengedwe, ndi njala ndi miliri. Information pa chilichonse mwa zinthu zimene nthawi zonse kusanthula ndi akatswiri mu minda izi, zomwe kudziwa chachikulu chiopsezo. Ngati lonse ake kwenikweni oopsa, zinthu adzakhala analidziwitsa kwa wapampando wa Bungwe la UN Security. Pambuyo pake, zochita adzapatsidwa za zochita zotheka ndi miyeso. Ngati ndi kotheka, iwo adzakhudzidwa ndipo ena matupi UN. Kutsogoza wa bungwe - njira zokambirana. zida zonse za miyeso ndale, malamulo ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko umalimbana popewa mikangano. Council Security The mwakhama kumathandiza kuti chiyanjanitso, mtendere ndi zochita zina zodzitetezera. The zida zambiri ntchito monga ntchito mtendere kusunga. Zinthu zimenezi nthawi kukhalako kwa United Nations imachitika oposa makumi asanu. Pansi OPM kuwamva monga ya zochita tsankho asilikali, apolisi ndi anthu ogwira wamba, umalimbana ofunika zinthu.

Muziona imposition wa ziletso

Council Security kumaphatikizapo matupi wocheperapo angapo. Iwo kulibe kayendetsedwe ka ziletso pa UN. Matupi angatchedwe Council Bungwe la bungwe la Malipilo, bungwe la Special pa zinthu pakati Iraq ndi Kuwait, Komiti ku Yugoslavia, Libya, Somalia, Angola, Rwanda, Haiti, Liberia, Sierra Mkango ndi Sudan. Mwachitsanzo, ku Southern Rhodesia mosamala kulamulira zinthu chuma kwachititsa kuti Kupha boma kusankhana mitundu, ndi kubwerera kwa m'mayiko a ufulu Zimbabwe. Mu 1980 dziko membala wa UN. Mphamvu ya kulamulira ndi unaonekera mwa South Africa, Angola ndi Haiti. Komabe, Dziwani kuti nthawi zina, ziletso kuti anali ndi zotsatira zoipa. M'mayiko oyandikana miyeso amawatenga UN anatembenuka zakuthupi ndiponso kuwonongeka ndalama. Komabe, popanda kuuzidwa zochita zinthu izi ndi zotsatira lalikulu kwambiri dziko lonse, kotero ena ndalama tidalungamitsidwa ndithu.

Malamulo okhudza Council hayala

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zotsatira zake zingakhale zovuta kwambiri, thupi UN ayenera kugwirizana mosalekeza. Izi anaganiza ndi hayala. Malinga ndi iye, gululi chofunika mwamsanga ndipo efficiently kusankha. Aliyense Council Security ayenera kukhala kuwonana ndi UN kwa yomweyo kugwira ntchito zake mwadzidzidzi. Kusiyana pakati pa misonkhano ya Authority sayenera koposera masabata awiri. Nthawi zina lamulo limeneli si wolemekezeka ntchito. Malinga ndi ziwerengero ambiri Council Security ukupita kuti zasedeny nduna za makumi asanu ndi awiri pa chaka.