Bulugamu (mtengo) wophuka? Kutalika kwa bulugamu lapansi. Thunthu bulugamu

Bulugamu - ndi Latin dzina la bulugamu - wamtali mofulumira kukula mitundu ya mitengo ndi zitsamba. Home kuti zimphona za zomera wobiriwira ndi laling'ono Africa - Australia ndi chilumba yapafupi ku Chile. Yobiriwira bulugamu mtengo (mtengo) azungu anabweretsa France pakati pa XIX m'ma kukula m'minda, ndi mitundu nyenyezi yaing'ono - mu greenhouses. Kuyambira pamenepo, izi nyumba zosanja zitalizitali wobiriwira, mapampu zachilengedwe ndi majeremusi mkuntho kufalitsa padziko lonse.

Bzalani, "kusintha khungu"

Padziko Lapansi, zambiri amadziwika wa zomera, amene sayeneranso makungwa nokha. Russian wolemba V. Solouhin chidwi ndi chakuti, pamene tchuthi ku Caucasus. Anaona kuti bulugamu - ". Muyaya rejuvenating" mtengo, Chynara (mkuyu) komweko akhoza mosadalira bwererani kotekisi. Pakuti mbali zoterozo mu mtengo wotchedwa anthu "akudyerera".

Ambiri ntchito amphamvu ndi cholimba makungwa umathandizanso n'kofunika mafuta, masamba, zomwe si bwererani bulugamu (mtengo). Kwamalongosoledwe a mbewu chodabwitsa zikuphatikizapo nkhani zambiri zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, wosanjikiza akunja makungwa amapatsa mu March, pamene kugwa amapezeka mu Chigawo cha kum'mwera. Ndiye thunthu ndi nthambi za m'mitengo ndi imvi, Kamaoneka, wachikasu, nthawi zina bluish.

Kufotokozera bulugamu

Masamba a mtengo - ndi zosiyana chotsatira, ndi kukula zimadalira m'badwo. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chipangizo pepala - chimodzi-chidutswa mawonekedwe a mbale, pamaso pa zopangitsa selo foni ndi mafuta enaake. Wamkulu masamba - lanceolate ndi nsonga zisonga. Kutalika kwa masentimita 12, m'lifupi -. 2.5 masentimita Mu wamng'ono, ali ndi kutchulidwa siliva kulocha zozungulira kapena mtima woboola pakati mawonekedwe.

Bulugamu - mtengo, osati kupereka mithunzi, chifukwa masamba tsamba kutembenukira m'mphepete pa dzuwa. White maluwa - bisexual, pamodzi inflorescences umbellate kapena paniculate, palinso umodzi. Sepals zinaphatikizidwa ndi n'kuwasanganiza, ndi phula lignified, chifukwa ndi zipatso - bokosi ndi chivindikiro. Mkati muli mbewu laling'ono, limene unatsanuliridwa pa mavavu kukula.

"Bulugamu" Ndodo

Maluwa mitengo ndi zitsamba za banja la mchisu. Mu Australia, m'zaka otsiriza 90% ya nthandala zachilengedwe anali bulugamu nkhalango. Pali pafupifupi 700 mitundu ya bulugamu kuti zimalunzanitsa pamodzi mtundu, ambiri a iwo a ku Australia, 15 okha ngongole anachokera ku zilumba za Oceania.

Zaka zoposa 100 bulugamu (Mtengo) akulimidwa mu M'madera a zitunda otentha ndi kotentha pa makontinenti a Europe ndi ku Asia, Africa ndi America. Panali ambiri mitundu yambiri thermophilic, amene kukula mu Mediterranean, United States, Brazil, ndi Middle East, China. Zikuphatikizapo bulugamu:

• prutovidny;
• amondi;
• mpira;
• ashy.

Bulugamu maluwa alibe kukoma kwambiri, koma pokopa njuchi. Izi okhometsa wa timadzi tokoma ndi mungu mu Australia amakonda bulugamu. N'kofunika mafuta a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulugamu ntchito mankhwala zina ndi boma ntchito popanga mafutawa, mafuta odzola. mankhwala komanso masamba chodabwitsa zomera Australia.

Bulugamu - Mtengo padziko pano

Mitengo zimasiyana mofulumira, kukula mofulumira. Mungapeze toyesa lalikulu afika chabe zaka khumi. Nayi mfundo chodabwitsa:

• amondi bulugamu mu zaka zingapo zoyamba za moyo akula 3 mamita wakuda mbiya cm 6;
• Mitengo mu pompo-pompo zikhoza kukhala zaka 5, kutalika kwa 12 m, makulidwe - 20 cm, zimadziwika nthawi yakale kuposa mamita 150 (30 mamita mu circumference ukufika ngati zachilendo mtengo) ;
• kutalika (bulugamu) a mbiya 20 zambiri pa zaka 30-40 mamita;
• zosinthidwa chibadwa mitengo zaka 5-6 kufika 27-30 mamita mu msinkhu.

Wotchuka Russian wolemba ndi zachilengedwe K.Paustovsky poyerekeza bulugamu ndi conifers. Iwo likukhalira kuti zaka zisanu ndi chomera zodabwitsa umabala matabwa kuposa spruce kapena Oil pa zaka 120.

Ntchito "wobiriwira inawomba nyumba yaitali"

bulugamu mtengo msinkhu zaka 20 - nyumba 15-storey. Kwathunthu okhwima ndi okonzeka ankafika malonda yodula pa zaka 25-30. Kwa zaka 40 mitengo ndi wautali ndi thicker bicentennial mitengo. Bulugamu ndi pepala, katoni. World kutchuka ali zovuta ndi amphamvu kuthabwa zokhala ndi khalidwe wakuda mtedza. Zimakhala zilibe kuwola, kumira madzi, sichisangalatsa tizilombo, kalipentala.

The makungwa a bulugamu ntchito n'kofunika kutero durability zakuthupi. Milu ya mizere molunjika ndi mtengo yosalala kuima m'nyanjamo kwa zaka ziwiri ndi zizindikiro za kuwonongeka. Matabwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana mosiyana wachikuda, yodziwika mu kapangidwe. Chogwidwa ndi chikasu, maolivi, woyera ndi utoto malankhulidwe, amene makamaka amafuna mafakitale zipangizo ndi chokongoletsera nyumba.

mitengo transgenic

Azinyadira matabwa a bulugamu zovuta, koma anachoka izo khala ndi chapamwamba. Umisiri m'madipatimenti makampani mafakitale Kulengedwa zosinthidwa chibadwa toyesa kuti akukulira 40% mofulumira, ngakhale mu munda wandiweyani, kutulutsa nkhuni zambiri ndiponso malasha. Munda zomera transgenic - bulugamu, paini, popula, papaya ndi zipatso zina, oilseed kugwiriridwa, soya, masamba - kutenga malo kwambiri mu dziko. kulima awo komanso ikuchitika ndi 1980s m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Ndi zakudya zomera, nkhani chofunika, anakumana kuwonjezeka magetsi padziko lonse angalunjikitsidwe.

Kwa zaka zoposa 10 kuphunzira kuthekera kwa Israeli zalero malonda kulima mitengo GMO, bulugamu ndi popula. Misa oyamba landings ngati malonda akukangamizani yekha mu malamulo kwachilengedwenso chitetezo. Iwo zonse dera la makope katundu transgenic, koma anatengera m'mayiko onse.

Zotsatira za kumayambiriro GMOs si bwino bwino, koma zikuonekeratu kuti transgenic m'mitengo zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo, akhoza kukhudza sanaoneke pa nthaka zamoyo. zingachitike kugwirizana ndi webs chakudya zimadalirana. Bulugamu ndi popula mungu kuwanditsa kumbali lonse, moyo kwa zaka zambiri, choncho mavuto apitiriza yaitali.

Kodi zingakhale zowopsa kusinthidwa bulugamu (mtengo)? Kodi kukula transgenic Mwachitsanzo, atazunguliridwa ndi mitundu zachilengedwe, pangakhale mwagwirizana kubereketsa zomera awo. Iwo linachita m'munda wa akatswiri zamera-chitetezo ndi zinadzala ndi mavuto ankakwiya kwambiri. Kodi chikuchitika nightmarish powonekera kuchokera yopeka kanema, pamene mphukira ndi kukula ndi liwiro zosaneneka ndi nkhonya pakhoma.

Bulugamu mu kapangidwe malo

Yobiriwira windproof ali katundu kwambiri monga dothi yaiwisi uphwetsa. Bulugamu mizu amatha kuyamwa ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi, kotero mtengo wotchedwa "wobiriwira mpope." Malo wamanga adzaitana ndi zina zambiri zinthu zamtengo wapatali zimene ali bulugamu.

mtengo wakula pakhomo nthawi zambiri, ndi undemanding, amafuna yokonza kochepa. nthawi ndi chisamaliro wofunikila mapangidwe bonsai ntchito nthambi kudulira ndi tsinde chachikulu. Mu malo kapangidwe bulugamu oyenera olimba nthaka pa malo otsetsereka, otsetsereka ndi mabanki a madamu, kuteteza kukokololoka kwa nthaka. Zomera wakonda yonyowa koma bwino chatsanulidwa loam nthaka (pH - ndale kwa ofooka acidic).

Kuchiritsa katundu wa bulugamu

M'zipatala Australia yaitali anapachika nthambi bulugamu kwa mpweya disinfection. Allocated mbewu oyaka adzalandira antiseptic ndi sedative zotsatira. Kulowetsedwa wa masamba ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka monga expectorant, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi odana ndi yotupa wothandizira. mabala kachilombo anali osambitsidwa ndi 15% bulugamu masamba msuzi (poyamba chosawilitsidwa).

mafuta bulugamu

Ambiri abwino zochizira ankaona n'kofunika mafuta analandira kuchokera mu bulugamu mitundu mpira (mpira). Monga zipangizo zachipatala yaiwisi ali wokalamba masamba a chomera. Sungani iwo mu chirimwe ndi autumn, pamene kuchuluka mafuta kuchuluka. Pansi m'zigawo kwa kosakhazikika zinthu onunkhira zimakhala mwatsopano ndi zouma masamba. Bulugamu mafuta - colorless, madzi chikasu kapena Kamaoneka ndi fungo zabwino. Zimenezi zitanthauza processing mankhwala mwangwiro zimatsitsimutsa mpweya, amadzaza ndi kothandiza ndiponso wosangalatsa fungo. Eucalyptol, mbali ya mafuta, antiseptic expectorant ndi wothandiza matenda a M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi kukhosi. Izo ntchito mu opopera ndi candies kwa zilonda zapakhosi, chimfine.

Pakuti kulima bulugamu mu chipinda Ndi bwino ntchito mbewu za mitundu ndi otsika-kukula, mbande ndi Mitengo kuika mu mbale yaing'ono. Pamafunika transshipment pachaka kapena kutengerapo, kwambiri dzuwa ndi bwino hydrated.

Onunkhira masamba a mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo a bulugamu ndi kukoma zawo Chili zolemba la ndimu, anauka, Violet, Lilac. Kwambiri mafuta fungo amatikumbutsa mlombwa, turpentine, camphor. Kumadera kumene iwo kukula m'mitengo chonde kuyang'ana kaso ndi zothandiza masamba, kuyeretsa mpweya kupanga oyaka.