Bernard Baruki: Mbiri ya zachuma American

Zachuma ndi Investor Bernard Baruki amadziwika likulu lake lalikulu ndi chikoka chachikulu ndale. Kukhala akwaniritsa bwino pa New York Stock Kusinthanitsa, anayamba kugwira ntchito monga mlangizi kwa mapulezidenti US. moyo wake - ndi kaleidoscope zodabwitsa ndi zodabwitsa.

zaka zoyambirira

Wotchuka wa zachuma Bernard Baruki anabadwa August 19, 1870 mu mzinda US wa Camden (South Carolina). Iye anabwera kuchokera kubanja losauka Ayuda. Simon Baruki anali bambo wa ana anayi, wachiwiri amene anali Bernard Baruki. Ana, monga nthawi ija, anali ndi luso ndi olimbika ntchito. M'bale wa m'tsogolo German zachuma ngakhale ntchito monga US kazembe ku Netherlands ndi Portugal.

Zaka oyambirira Bernard Rekonstrutsii zinachitika mu nthawi pamene pambuyo Civil nkhondo, United States kum'mwera funde la upandu zachiwawa akuda. Kuyang'ana ngodya chete wa banja Baruki anasamukira ku New York. Apa Bernard anapita ku koleji.

Malo oyamba Baruki ntchito mu 1890 anali ziwongola dzanja zaogulitsa AA Housman & Co. Twente-chaka uyo anali gofer, afika $ 3 sabata. mipata ina chifukwa chololera kuzindikira amapatsidwa ulemu komanso dziko sizinali zophweka.

zofunika

Ngati amkhalapakati zina zambiri, katundu msika Bernard Baruki anabwera ndithu mwangozi. zinamuchitikira choyamba chinali tsoka. Koma Baruki sanafooke. Iye anayamba kubwereka ndalama kwa anzathu ndi mabanja. Panthawi ina, bambo anamuuza kuti anatumiza 500 - ndi pamene a nyumba pa tsiku la mvula. Bernard sanali mantha ndi kufika, anayamba pantchito yabwino pa Wall Street.

Baruki sanali oyenera chithunzi mwachizolowezi wa Polankhula. Mlanduwu anali wamatama ndithu: kupanga yowopsa Mapangano Inabuka chabe. Akatswiri mu bayonets anatenga kupambana loyamba upstart izi. The banki wotchuka wa zachuma yake, John Pierpont Morgan ndinaganiza Baruki "khadi akuthwa." Kulakwa kuganiza kuti pansi bizinesi amalonda onse achita ndalama magolovesi woyera. Osati munthu ambiri oyera yekha anali JP Morgan. Komabe, njira imene zida Bernard Baruki, kudabwa ngakhale achinyengo kwambiri wotchuka.

Wheeler-wogulitsa

Popeza chikuoneka pa katundu kuwombola adzagonjetse Wall Street napereka ndiye malonda njira otchuka. Baruki konse odzipereka makampani ofooka ncholinga akagulitse anayamba. Komanso, iye sanali amachita nyamuka yokumba mitengo ya magawo ake. The Investor sanatero, monga chinali chizolowezi, ndi scrupulous chifukwa cha zinthu zikuluzikulu msika katundu.

Mosiyana ndi zimene bids ndiye anali pa likutukuka, ndi zachuma mwachangu kusewera ndi kugwa. Ndekha, Bernard Baruki zopanga lamulo losavuta: ". Gulitsani ndi kugula pa munthu pazipita yochepa sangakhale" Chifukwa, kawirikawiri ankayenda ndi azimuth msika, kugula pamene ambiri anagulitsidwa, ndi mosemphanitsa.

Pa njira chuma

Kwambiri Baruki kalembedwe anafanana kalembedwe wina speculator wotchuka Dzhessi Livermora. Ogulitsa awiriwa akhala kudziwika kwa nthawi kusiya msika ndipo anadikira nthawi yabwinoko kuti resumption malonda. Kamodzi munalandila zochita zovuta punters ndi, Bernard anati, "Jay, ine ndikuganiza nthawi kuwombera partridges." Zotsatirazi cue imeneyi, anagulitsa malo ake onse n'kupita pa tchuthi ku munda wake Hobkau Barony ku South Carolina. m'madambo mchere ndi mchenga magombe zigawo zikachuluka abakha ndi 17 zikwi maekala panalibe foni, ndi amene akhoza kugwirizana ndi New York. Koma ngakhale pambuyo pakalibe yaitali kwambiri player kubwerera kwa katundu kuwombola.

Kuti m'maganizo ndi zomwe Bernard Baruki Dzhessi Livermor chipongwe malamulo ambiri amavomereza la Kanani, n'kuzitentha wotchuka ngakhale pamaso maonekedwe a yambiri likulu. mwanjira ina, koma ubwino wa upstarts sanayembekezere.

The Investor ndi wabizinesi

Iye anayamba ku Baruki pansi udachita zokwanira kutenga ndalama zawo. Chimodzi cha zida choyamba anaonekera pa kampani yake Texasgulf Inc., makamaka ntchito mu mofulumira osauka mafuta makampani.

Koma, monga zochitika zimasonyeza kuti wogula sanali kasamalidwe kampani. ndakatulo wake kukhalabe malonda, imene zoyenera nthawi zambiri ntchito pa Wall Street. Pofika mu 1900. lonse zachuma kotala ya New York mukudziwa amene Bernard Baruki. Mbiri ya kupambana kwake ouziridwa ambiri ndi ambiri bogey. Zonse panali mphekesera zokhudza yaikulu speculator boma. The lonse chithunzi ichi anali ofanana lonse Dzhozefa Kenedi ndi JP Morgan.

"Bakuman"

Today wolowa a Bernard Baruki kupitiriza kusangalala udindo, ankhomera wachibale wawo nimble. Mu 1903, pa msinkhu wa zaka 33 posachedwapa wogula osadziwika membala wa kalabu ya Anthu. yaminga yake yonse njira ya ku New York Stock Kusinthanitsa Baruki anali nokhanokha. Iye ankakonda kusunga zonse pansi pa ulamuliro ndipo sanathe kunyamula ntchito losonkhanitsidwa. Pakuti Investor ichi chotchedwa "Bakuman ya Wall Street."

Kwa zaka zambiri, ntchito ndalama ndi mavuto ambiri anakumanapo Bernard Baruki. Wambiri zachuma ndi chitsanzo cha munthu, ziribe kanthu zimene oumirira wakuti bwino. 1907 Baruki kumuuza mayiko malonda olimba M. Hentz & Co., ndipo ngati munthu wamkulu, iye anayamba amakonda ndalama zokhudzana ndi malo odalirika kwenikweni.

utumiki wothandiza

Kukhala akwaniritsa bwino kwambiri pa katundu wamalonda ndi malonda, Baruki anayamba kuyang'ana malamulo. Mu 1912 anavomera kuti azikonza ndawala pulezidenti wa WOODROW Wilson. Maziko Democratic Party walandira kuchokera bwino mafuno abwino a madola zikwi 50. Wilson ankapambana ndi uyamiko kwa zachuma anamuika ku dipatimenti ya chitetezo cha dziko.

Pa ofesi ake onse yoyamba Bernard Baruki chithunzi chimene chinali kuoneka mu nyuzipepala dziko, anakumana ndi vuto lalikulu. Kuphatikiza ntchito ndale ndi malonda inali ntchito yovuta kwambiri.

Mavuto ndi chilamulo

Pa katundu kuwombola Baruki anayamba mlandu molakwa nduna zake malo kupeza Insider zokhudza msika. Komanso, mu 1917, Investor mlandu disclosing zikalata chinsinsi. Ofufuza anapeza kuti, masuku pamutu udindo wake, iye mozemba udachita za miliyoni madola.

Poyankha zonena za mabungwe yazamalamulo Baruki ananena kuti adalandira ndalama wake wotsiriza kugulitsa chimodzimodzi mmene analili poyamba maonekedwe ake yothandiza anthu. Kutetezedwa anali analimbitsa simenti - ndi speculator akhoza salangidwa izo.

Mlangizi Pulezidenti

Monga mkulu wa boma Bernard Mannes Baruki anali ndi udindo woyang'anira ntchito yogawa malamulo asilikali. Kenako anasiya kale mbadwa New York Stock Kusinthanitsa. Finance idaleka kugula ndi kugulitsa, koma anapitirizabe ntchito ndalama ake, womwe ukulozera mu njira ya malonda asilikali. Baruki ndalama zimapita ku makampani chinkhoswe kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana ndi zipolopolo. Ndithudi gawo la chakudya dollar amachokera ku boma bajeti pa mafakitale usilikali, iye anatsalira mu thumba atumiki ake wochenjera boma. Malinga ndi ziwerengero osiyana, nthawi ya kugonjetsedwa kwa Germany anali mwini wake wa Baruki m'chigawo cha 200 miliyoni.

Mu 1919, atsogoleri a mayiko wopambana anakumana ku Paris Conference Mtendere. Baruki anapita ku likulu French. Iye anali membala wa boma US nthumwi, lotsogoledwa ndi Pulezidenti Wilson. Economic mlangizi anatsutsa indemnity kwambiri kwa Germany ndipo anathandiza lingaliro la League of Nations anafunika kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Baruki ndi Great Depression

Vudro Vilson anatsanzika mtsogoleri mu 1921. Kasinthasintha wa White House ali sanaletse Baruki kukhala pa US zandale. Iye anali mlangizi pa Warren Harding, Herbert Hoover, Franklin Roosevelt ndi Garri Trumene. Kugwirizanitsa pakati pa Boma ndi m'makampani, zachuma kupitiriza alemere, data ndikuganizira Insider pa boma la msika. Wolowa a Bernard Baruki kuti opanda khobidi mu thumba lanu, ngati osati chifukwa see wake yake. Madzulo a Wamkulu Depression Baruki nagulitsa zonse za magawo awo, ndi ndalama anapeza ambiri kumangigwa.

October 24, 1929 US misika katundu kugunda kugwa. Msika lonse linali mu mantha pa mavuto akudza ndi tsogolo chosadziwika. Zonse - koma osati Baruh Bernard. bukhu, olembedwa kumapeto kwa moyo wa yekha, akunena za tsiku kuti speculator anabwera ku New York Stock Kusinthanitsa, pamodzi ndi Winston Churchill. Ulendo sanali mwangozi. Finance kufuna kuonetsera kwa mfundo British ozindikira ake enviable zachuma.

Chikaikiro golidi ndi siliva

Mmodzi wa chinyengo opindulitsa kwambiri Bernarda Baruha anayamba unyolo zochita zake mu 1933, pamene chiyembekezo chakuti ya muyeso wa golide mu United States. Pa nthawi imene dziko kwa zaka zingapo ankakhala m'chigawo cha mavuto zoopsa. Iye limachititsa ulova yaikulu ndi bankirapuse makampani akuluakulu. Mu zinthu izi, boma analengeza chiwombolo chilengedwe golide nzika. Posinthanitsa ndi zitsulo wapatali, anthu analandira pepala ndalama.

Mu October 1933, pamene ambiri a golide unasamutsidwa kwa Zachuma, Pulezidenti Roosevelt analengeza devaluation wa ndalama dziko. Tsopano boma anagula golide pa mtengo kuchuluka. ndi amazipotokola onse ndipo motsatana ya kusintha Inde ankadziwa wapafupi pulezidenti mlangizi Bernard Baruki. Ankagwira ndiye akanikizire zimasonyeza kuti anthu anali mu thupi la pafupipafupi kusintha kwakukulu. Okha "Bakuman" anatha kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chochitika latsopano. Iye padera mbali yaikulu ya chuma chake mu siliva kusanachitike kuwonjezeka mtengo buyout poyera zitsulo.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, moyo wa Bernard Baruki ntchito zake zandale zambiri Anapachikidwa pa zachuma. Ndi mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, iye anali kachiwiri mu udindo wa phungu wa asilikali komanso zachuma akuluakulu US. Investor wapanga chopereka kwambiri kuti kusintha mu dongosolo msonkho US. Mu Ndipotu, anayambitsa ndi yolimbikitsa chuma dziko. Mphamvu mlangizi zinali zodziwika kwambiri kuti mu 1944, Pulezidenti Roosevelt anakhala mwezi odziwika South Karolinska chuma chake.

Pulezidenti Ankaphunzitsanso Baruki wopita Komiti pa asilikali mafakitale kupanga. Mlangizi akhala akufunitsitsa kuti tithe izi okhaokha mwambo wa anapempha kufufuza ndi dokotala kuti mukhale otsimikiza mu umoyo wawo ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri. Komabe, pamene Baruki anakoka ndi yankho, wina Roosevelt mlangizi Harry Hopkins anakopa pulezidenti kusiya mfundo imeneyi. Chifukwa, mu playoff Munthu woyamba anachoka maganizo ake.

"Plan Baruki"

Mu 1946, wolowa Roosevelt, Truman yoikidwiratu Baruki udindo wa kazembe US kwa komiti UN udindo nyukiliya makampani mphamvu. Mwaichi, ndi mlangizi wa Pulezidenti inadziwika paliponse mu USSR. chakuti pa msonkhano woyamba wa Baruki Commission akufuna loletsa pa zida za nyukiliya ndi kuchita ntchito m'manja mwa thupi onse a m'mayiko onse mu munda nyukiliya. phukusi la njira unadziwika ngati "Plan Baruki".

M'nkhani ya incipient Cold nkhondo, nkhani ya chitetezo nyukiliya wakhala kwambiri panopa. Kuopa mabomba a atomiki kunali kwakukulu, chifukwa zaka zingapo zapitazo, US anayesa zida pa mizinda iwiri Japanese, kusonyeza zotsatira zoopsa zida zatsopano. Komabe kutipanikiza America akhala akudzudzula ndinu boma la Russia. Stalin sanafune kuletsa nyukiliya manja mpikisano ndipo sanali kuperekedwa, malingana ndi malo a United States. "Plan Baruki" anakanidwa. The UN analibe zochita zokwanira kuti agonjetse ntchito padziko lonse kupanga zida za nyukiliya.

Ponena za nkhondo ozizira, tisaiwale kuti anali Bernard Baruki anapereka moyo kwa mawuwa, ngakhale malinga ndi mfundo wamba view, mawu akuti "ozizira nkhondo" anapangidwa koyamba mu kulankhula ndi Winston Churchill. Pambuyo kutha kwa ntchito ya UN ndi mlangizi okalamba anapitiliza kugwira ntchito mu White House. Iye anafa pa June 20, 1965 ku New York pa zaka 94.