Bakha banja: Kufotokozera ndi anthu a banja

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za akuluakulu a banja Anatidae, ndizo gulu waukulu pakati waterfowl. Zinali iwo amene anali woyamba kuŵetedwa munthu kalelo. kufunika mu ulimi lalikulu lero.

Bakha mu miyoyo yathu

Bakha banja kuli mitundu oposa 150, amene nawonso, ogaŵikana osiyanasiyana makumi anai. The precursors nkhuku padziko la pansi kalelo. Pali zambiri umboni. Akatswiriwa anapeza zotsalira za mbalame (kholo la abakha amakono) amene zaka za miliyoni zaka 50.

Anthu a m'banja adakali amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu, chifukwa iwo anali mu nyumba kwa kufwanyulira, mazira ndi nyama. Njira yabwino amakhudza chiwerengero cha mbalame kusaka malonda.

Kufotokozera za m'banja

Bakha banja, osati zambiri, komanso osiyanasiyana ndithu. Oimira banja kusiyana kwambiri Chrixitu osati kukula, komanso mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame kulemera kuyambira magalamu 250 (African pygmy tsekwe), ndi kuti makilogalamu makumi awiri (Letsani Mbalame ya Chinsansa). Oimira banja ndi khalidwe wandiweyani nthenga yokutidwa ndi madzi mafuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti waterfowl bakha banja ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse madzi.

Mbalame ndi chosiyana yaitali mofewa khosi, flattened ndi mlomo lonse, thupi streamlined ndi zambiri mafuta m'thupi. Ndi miyendo yake ndi yaifupi, anapereka bwino popanda, ndi zala zolumikizana webs. mbalame zonse m'banja amasamukira pa dziko, koma kusambira bwino, ndi ena ngakhale madzi. Mbalame kuuluka bwino ndipo amatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 80 pa ola limodzi.

Zizolowezi za anthu a banja

Mbalame banja la abakha ndi monogamous njira aliko ndipo ndi maubwenzi chikhalidwe. Amasankha chisa pafupi madzi, nthawi zina zazing'ono zobalalikana lapansi. Akazi zitsulo akalowa kufwanyulira, amene ali chisanadze anakudzula ku pamimba. Fledglings amabadwa woona, akukulira mofulumira ndipo mwachangu osauka. Patapita masiku angapo, ana akhoza mosadalira chakudya chawo. iwo amadya, makamaka usiku. Mwamtheradi mbalame zonse wamanyazi, choncho amayesetsa kukhala wosamala kwambiri.

Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ina ndi bwino anayamba mphamvu: fungo, kuona, kumva. Ngakhale mlomo wa bakha pa tilinazo ena.

Bakha banja ali kutali ndi kukhala opusa mbalame. Ambiri a iwo apanga maganizo, monga atsekwe. Iwo zimafalitsa zinachitikira anapeza kuchokera m'badwo wina kufika wotsatira.

malo ndi chakudya bakha

Bakha banja ndi ochuluka kwambiri, chotero ali ndi malo lonse. Iwo anapeza pafupifupi onse pa dziko lapansi (kupatulapo Antarctica ali). Mwamtheradi mitundu yonse molt kawiri pa chaka: m'chilimwe cha kwathunthu ndi pang'ono kugwa (kapena yozizira).

Pa mbalame zonse moulting ngakhale kutaya luso kuwuluka. Iwo kudya mbalame masamba chakudya: mbali wobiriwira zomera, mbewu, mbali woyambira wa m'madzi zomera mphukira. Koma nyama chakudya chawo chili m'malo chachiwiri. kudya ndondomeko chikuchitika mu madzi ndi pa dziko. Kawirikawiri, mbalame alibe kuyenda pansi pa madzi. Kuchokera pansi pa matupi a madzi iwo kupeza chakudya, plunging khosi mu madzi, ndi zina gawo kutsogolo kwa thupi lake.

Ornithologists amakhulupirira kuti kamodzi bakha anayamba kufalitsa padziko lonse ndi mmodzi wa mayiko, ali Chigawo kum'mwera. Ndipo lero iwo ali ubiquitous padziko lonse. Iwo sali okha ku Antarctica ndi zisumbu m'nyanja. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti munthu ndi mtundu womwewo opezeka mu malo osiyana, m'mikhalidwe yosiyana aliko (mwachitsanzo, mu nyengo zotentha ndi kotentha).

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zodabwitsazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kupatuka mwa njira Kusamuka kwa mbalame. Iyeyutu imasochera, namuika pa m'mayiko ena madera ang'ono. M'kupita kwa nthawi, iwo zimasintha ena mu mtundu, kukula, ndi ngakhale anasiya kuchita khalidwe ataliatali.

Pafupifupi onse mbalame bakha banja - waterfowl. Choncho amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, mu zone ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ena kukhazikika pa malo nyanja. Pa thupi lililonse la madzi, mukhoza kuona mmodzi wa oimira banja ili. Ndipo ambiri mwadala kuthetsa pafupi Mwamuna minda ndi m'mapaki.

List mitundu ya bakha

Bakha - banja lalikulu, womwenso subfamilies atatu: abakha, atsekwe ndi atsekwe polulapchatye. A okwana mitundu zoposa 150. Njirazi ndi monga:

1. White mutu bakha.
2. Dazi madzi.
3. Goosander.
4. Pochard.
5. Mallard.
6. Nyemba Goose.
7. Letsani tsekwe.
8. Tsekwe-shouter.
9. Long-tailed bakha.
10. Eider.
11. Gogol wamba.
12. Svityaz.
13. Shelduck.
14. Gray bakha.
15. imvi tsekwe
16. Tufted bakha.
17. Black scoter.
18. Tilu.
19. Pintail.
20. Garganey.

Tingaone banja momwe kwambiri abakha. Mndandanda kuperekedwa ndi ife, ndi kutali wathunthu. Pali mitundu chabe. Tiyeni tikambirane zina mwa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Gogol

Gogol (banja Anatidae) - yothabirira bakha, zimene ziri za mitundu woyendayendawu maulendo ataliatali ndipo ukufanizidwa ndi subspecies awiri omwe amakhala ku North America Europe ndi ku Asia. Mbalame wintering kum'mwera (kuti ndi kuphatikizapo Mediterranean). Nthawi zambiri mbalame m'nyengo yozizira ku Italy.

Iwo chisa m'madera mitengo pafupi nyanja ndi mitsinje yaikulu ndi yozizira m'mphepete kapena madzi abwino. Mu April ndi May mbalame mudzikundikire mazira 11, amene ndiye mkazi amawaumbatira (pasanathe masiku 29). Fledglings kukhala mu chisa masiku angapo, ndipo pa zaka masabata 8-9, anayamba kuwuluka. Chaka chilichonse mbalame kuchita zowalamulira imodzi yokha. Iwo nthawizonse kusonkhanitsa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo amene anali moyo. Gogol ntchentche kudya mokwanira, ndipo amachotsa pambuyo mothamanga pa madzi. Zoyendetsedwa mbalame nyama chakudya, zimene zimawononga pansi pa madzi, kuk kwa mamita angapo.

Gogol (Anatidae banja) ali mbali chidwi bungwe zisa zawo mu maenje mtengo mabowo akalulu ndi mabokosi yokumba chisa. The wamwamuna amasonyeza khalidwe lililonse mating. mitundu zokhudzana ndi Chiayisilandiki goldeneye (kukaikira mazira mu United States, Italy ndi Iceland) ndi smew pang'ono (kukaikira mazira ku Northern Europe ndi ku Asia).

Whooper

Whooper tsekwe - mbalame nalo dzina lake pa kulira kwa lipenga, lofalitsidwa mu ndege. Whooper - izi ndi mbalame yaikulu kwambiri, iwo amatha kulemera kwa makilogalamu khumi. Iwo kudya m'madzi osaya, kwathunthu submerging mutu wake m'madzi, pamodzi ndi Dina khosi lake ndi gawo kutsogolo kwa thupi.

Mu madzi mbalame kutenga mizu ya zomera, mbewu, kukoka invertebrates towerengeka; mphutsi, tizilombo ndiponso nkhanu. Kuvula pamwamba madzi ndi zovuta chifukwa kulemera chidwi. Poyamba, mbalame nthawi yaitali kuthamanga, mapazi akukhavukira wa madzi, ndipo Kenako anayamba kukwera. Whooper yozizira kumpoto kwa Mediterranean, pa gombe la nyanja ya Caspian, monga mbali ya mbalame zouluka kum'mwera chakum'mawa Asia.

Swans amakonda malo lotseguka: mathamandawa, nyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Nest atakhala ku madambo pa zilumba, peatlands, Titafika pamalo, nyanja. Popeza May, kumapeto kwa nyengo kuswana akuyamba. Akazi anagona atatu mazira asanu ndipo waikira mazira. Fledglings zimaswa atapita masiku 31-42. Anayamba kuwuluka pa juveniles awo ali ndi zaka masabata 11-14.

Ndi mitundu ofanana monga Titafika pamalo tsekwe ndi kukula wodzichepetsa. Izi mbalame kumpoto kwa banja la zisa bakha, kawirikawiri mu Arctic zone ya Europe ndi ku Asia, nthawizina angapezeke mu Italy. Koma panali tsekwe wakuda mu Australia, ndipo anabweretsedwa ku Europe ngati nthenga yokongola.

Chimandarini

Ndani wina ndi banja bakha? Chimandarini - mwina bakha wokongola kwambiri mu dziko. Izi, ndithudi, Yemweyo amapita Drake, koma wamkazi ndi zabwino, koma zochepa yosiyanasiyana yowala kwambiri. mtundu wa bakha adakali ndi dzina chachiwiri - ". Chinese bakha" zaka zambiri mbalame zimenezo kukometsera madzi lachifumu ku Japan, Korea ndi China, ndipo chifukwa dzina Chimandarini (gelegedeya - waudindo wake ku Asia). Choncho, tangerines zipatso kubala panalibe ubale ndi chiyambi cha dzinalo.

Mbalame ndi wamfupi ndi akulemera makilogalamu 0.5 kuti 0,8. Adzaupereka kwa abakha nkhalango. Kutalika kwa anthu kufika 40-48 masentimita. Amuna ndi yowala kwambiri nuptial colouration. Chiyambireni cha September kwa July mu mutu ndi khosi, sideburns ndi drakes anapanga Crest. mtundu limawonekera yowala zolemba lalanje ndi kusintha chibakuwa, wobiriwira ndi zofiirira. Mlomo ndi ofiira owala ndi miyendo chikasu. Amuna ndi wokongola kwambiri, koma akazi ndi zambiri modzichepetsa mtundu chiwembu chawo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mithunzi imvi woyera ndi azitona bulauni. Chimandarini kuuluka bwino, ndipo mwangwiro kusambira ndipo ngakhale madzi. Pa dziko amasuntha kudya mokwanira. Koma mau alibe ngati quacking mwachizolowezi, ngakhale kuti banja la abakha. Chimandarini limafalitsa popiskivanie kapena otsika wenzulo.

malo

Poyamba anthu mbalame zokongola mu Asia East. Mu Russia, panopa kukaikira mazira mu Primorsky ndi Khabarovsk Gawo, ndi Amur ndi Sakhalin dera. Mu kumpoto Chimandarini zinthu mbalame monga ataliatali. Mu September iwo kuuluka yozizira ku China ndi Japan.

Chimandarini ndi ofala: amakonda mu mtengo. Nthawi zina kupeza dzenje pa msinkhu zisanu mita. Izi njira yodabwitsa ya moyo anapanga abakha kuphunzira kudumpha kuchokera kumwamba popanda kuwonongeka okha.

Chimandarini akukhala pafupi ndi phiri mitsinje, zimene anapachika m'mitengo, ndi m'nkhalango pafupi madzi. Mu Russia mtundu umenewu chifukwa cha wosaperewera yake kutchulidwa Red Book. Zokhudza wa abakha simungathe, iwo ayipanga m'mapaki ndi minda mitundu ina yokongola.

Monga tanena kale, mbalame amakonda chisa kufupi ndi madzi, kupereka mmalo windbreaks. Pa lamulo la abakha wamkazi pamadzi kuchokera mu dzenje ndi ndiye kuphunzira kusambira. The Chimandarini zakudya zikuphatikizapo nsomba, kafadala, nkhono, zomera, mbewu, zipatso zokwana ndipo achule. Abakha mukudziwa momwe mu mlengalenga kuwutsa vertically oposa, koma chifukwa iwo ali mu kakwamba thundu mosavuta kupeza chakudya. Komanso, Chimandarini kudyetsedwa mpunga, monga chimanga zikumera, buckwheat.

Features khalidwe la Chimandarini

Kawiri pa chaka kusintha nthenga zawo. Mu June, amuna anakhetsa zovala zawo zokongola ndi kukhala wofanana ndi akazi. Chimandarini oyambirira kubwerera ku hibernation, nthawi zina pa nthawi imene palibe chisanu anabwera pansi. Mu nyengo mating kumachitika pakati drakes udani chifukwa akazi.

Abakha anagona pa mazira zisanu ndi ziwiri khumi ndi zinayi. Patatha mwezi umodzi, pali fledglings. The makulitsidwe nyengo za kugona akazi musatisiye chisa, aamuna amazidyetsa. Zonse yotentha makolo onse kumaphunzitsa ana awo, iwo kuwaphunzitsa kusambira, kuuluka kudziteteza kwa adani. Kids timatha kuuluka pa zaka masiku makumi anai.

M'nthawi ya chilimwe, Chimandarini ndithu wodzichepetsa ndi bwino ndi mbalame zina za m'madzi, iwo nthawi zambiri ayipanga kumalo osungira ndi arboretum mitundu ina yokongola, powapatsa zinthu pafupi achilengedwe. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbalame sangakhoze kulekerera kutentha m'munsimu madigiri asanu, sangathe kupitiliza mu yozizira pa msewu.

sheldgoose

mtundu umenewu muli mitundu isanu abakha: Patagonian tsekwe, imvi zomwe zili tsekwe, ofiira mutu tsekwe, wamba zomwe zili tsekwe ndi atsekwe Andes. Malo amene mbalame - Falkland Islands ndi America South, Chile, Peru. Sheldgoose ndi udindo motetezera. Kudya nkhuku chomera zakudya ankaona kuyenda m'mbali nkhalango ndi clearings. zakudya zawo kwambiri ndi: mizu, mbewu, mphukira, masamba, udzu. Ambiri, mtundu uwu sasiyana ku oimira ena a bakha lapansi.

mallard

Mallard (bakha banja) - ndi lalikulu mtsinje bakha. Kunja, amuna amasiyana akazi. Ali ndi thupi imvi, mgoza chifuwa ndi mutu wobiriwira. Mallards moyo mu malo aliwonse, koma amakonda chisa n'chodabwitsa lapansi, osachepera - akubisala m'dzenje, nthawi zina angathe kuthetsa patali mokwanira kuchokera mmadzi. Mallard sizachilendo mu Europe. nkhuku thupi nkhungu wosanjikiza wa kufwanyulira. Nthenga wothira mafuta wochuluka osakaniza anamasulidwa mafuta England, kotero bakha konse zisanyowe, ngakhale nthawi zonse madzi.

Mallards mukusambira zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pakati pa zala zawo kusambira. Abakha kuuluka bwino, koma pa kusuntha dziko awkwardly kwambiri. Iwo kudya tizilombo mbalame, achule, nyongolotsi, mphukira, zomera chakudya. Ndi abakha amenewa choyamba kuŵetedwa mwa anthu akale.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Monga momwe taonera, banja bakha - si gulu lalikulu kwambiri za mbalame, komanso osiyanasiyana ndithu. Mamembala ake ndi moyo pa dziko lonse lapansi, m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi, koma iwo ali ndi zizindikiro amazipanga ofanana.