Asidi Palmitic. Katundu, kupanga ntchito

asidi Palmitic (dzina lina - hexadecanoic) - ndi zimalimbikitsa monocarboxylic (mafuta) acid. Ambiri mwa chilengedwe. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mankhwala opezeka mu mafuta kanjedza. Esters ndi mchere asidi uyu akutchedwa palmitate. Ambiri a esters wa crystallinity ndi amafanana phula. Iwo ali zotsatirazi mankhwala chilinganizo: CH3 (CH2) 14COOH. Ndipo chilinganizo ake wazotsatira ndi: C16H32O2.

Kupeza asidi palmitic m'chilengedwe

Zinthu zimenezi ndi monga mbali ya ambiri glycerides mafuta a masamba chiyambi ndi nyama mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, kumaphatikizapo soya mafuta 6.5%, mafuta kanjedza - 38-47%, mafuta anyama - 30%. Komanso, asidi hexadecanoic ndi membala wa ena waxes: mu spermaceti munali 90% umuna chinsomba asidi hexadecanoic cetyl Ester, ndi phula pafupifupi 30% EE myristyl efa. Mu zamoyo nyama asidi palmitic ndi mapeto mankhwala mafuta asidi kaphatikizidwe ku acetyl-CoA.

Mu mawonekedwe a hexadecanoic asidi glyceride mu kapangidwe ali ndi mafuta kanjedza, ndi masamba mafuta Chinese ndi North America zipatso ndi Croton sebiferum Stillinga sebifera, mbewu Rhus succedanea (a phula), phula mirikonovom Berry Myrica cerifera, mu lanolin. Mu mkhalidwe ufulu asidi palmitic opezeka mu mbewu za paprika mu mikangano Lycopodium ndi cadaveric sera (mbali yaikulu).

thupi katundu wa asidi palmitic:

1. chikhalidwe (m'mikhalidwe muyezo) - timibulu colorless.

2. Molar misa ndi 256, 43 g / mol.

3. The kachulukidwe ndi 0,841 g / cm³.

Matenthedwe katundu asidi palmitic:

1. limatsogolera kutentha anali 62,9 ° C.

2. The kuwira mfundo wofanana 105 ° C (pa 0.01 mmHg. V.) Ndipo 167 ° C (pa 1 mamilimita Hg. V.).

3. pophulikira wofanana 192 ° C.

4. molar kutentha mphamvu (pa zinthu zachilendo) ndi 460 J / (mol · K).

ndi katundu mankhwala asidi hexadecanoic chiyani?

1. Solubility mu madzi ndi wofanana 0.0007 (pa 20 ° C).

2. Solubility mu Mowa ndi 2600 (pa 7,2 ° C).

3. asidi Palmitic ndi amtengo sungunuka benzene ndi kafungo kabwino.

Kuwala katundu asidi palmitic:

1. The index refractive ndi 1,4219.

Kukonzekera asidi palmitic

mankhwala amenewa mukhonza kuwapeza mu njira zingapo:

1. Mwa crystallization fractional kapena retifikatsii kwa zosakaniza zidulo mafuta amene anawakonzera saponification kunyama kapena paraffins makutidwe ndi okosijeni.

2. Pamene cetyl mowa ndi Kutentha ndi laimu ndi sodium wochuluka kwa 270 ° C (Dumas ndi Stas).

C16H33OH (cetyl mowa) + O2 (mpweya) = C15H31COOH + H2 O (madzi)

3. Pa limatsogolera elaidic (asidi oleic) ndi hydroxide ndi sodium:

CH3 (CH2) 7CH (asidi oleic) = CH (CH2) 7SOON + H2O (madzi) + O = C15H31COOH (palmitic asidi chilinganizo) + CH3COOH (asidi acetic)

4. Ngati nitric asidi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa 2-oktodekanonom:

CH3 (CH2) 15 NKHA-CH3 + 3O (mpweya) = C15H31COOH (asidi hexadecanoic) + CH3COOH (asidi acetic)

5. Komanso nkhaniyi akhoza apanga ndi njira ya cyanide yodyura pentadecylic mowa:

C15H31J + KCN (cyano pawiri) = KJ + C15H31-CN;

C15H31-CN (cyano pawiri) + 2H2O (madzi) = C15H31COOH (anachokera chinthu) + NH3

asidi palmitic ntchito pati?

1. Akuti kukhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu kupanga napalm stearin (a osakaniza wapadera ndi asidi stearic), opaque zodzikongoletsera ndi osiyanasiyana detergents, plasticizers ndi lubricants. Njira asidi ichi ntchito kupanga makandulo.

2. kashiamu palmitate ntchito ndi mbali ya nyimbo pofuna kudziteteza ku chinyezi ndi madzi (madzi repellency) wa khungu, nsalu zosiyanasiyana, nkhuni, zodzoladzola sanali chimaonekera ndipo zodzoladzola.

3. Komanso, sodium palmitate ndi ntchito monga zikuluzikulu (a thickener) wa chimbudzi ndi sopo banja emulsifier ongokhala kukonzekera zodzikongoletsera.

4. kufunika kwa asidi methyl palmitate palmitic ndi ena ofanana nawo, hexadecanol. Komanso, mankhwala ntchito monga flavoring mfundo chakudya.

5. Poyamba kutsogolera mchere hexadecanoic asidi ntchito yopanga yamawangamawanga mankhwala.