Anthu azikhala - ndi lingaliro kuti? ndi mfundo za anthu azikhala chiyani?

anthu mulibe yankho anthu chisanadze capitalist kuti ndi anthu azikhala. Icho chinali chimodzi cha mawu amene anaziletsa kufufuza ndi chipembedzo, anthu onse anagonjera dongosolo, ndi kuona ena a munthu konse n'komwe. Kufotokoza maganizo awo pa anthu adakwanisa mkubwela kwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, pamene chinasanduka likulu la anthu dziko. Ndiye anthu anazindikira kuti anthu azikhala - ndi njira kudzimvera kuwongolera, luso kulibe paokha, mogwirizana kwathunthu ndi palokha. Today udindo uwu nthanthi kuposa ambiri m'dzikoli, chifukwa phunziro ake tayamba tsopano.

Kodi mawu amenewa amatanthauza chiyani?

Mu "youma" tanthauzo la anthu azikhala - ndi mtundu wa nzeru, amene limatsindika ufulu wa anthu ku anthu ndi kwa dongosolo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kubweretsa chinaonekera pa zofuna zawo ndi kuchita mwachindunji ndi kukhazikitsa awo, osati zofuna anthu. Kuti bwino kuti chimaimira, kuyang'ana pa zinthu zazikulu za anthu azikhala:

• The ulamuliro wa zolinga ndi zokhumba. Monga ulamuliro, iwo sizilingana gulu kapena gulu. Ndipo munthu individualist nthawi zonse kupereka mmalo zofuna zawo.
• Wodzilamulira mu zochita ndiponso zochita. Ngakhale ngati munthu ali ndi mbali yofunika ya gulu (gulu pa yunivesite ya ndodo, etc.), zikhoza kuchita zake, chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zawo, motero n'zosavuta kuti ntchito yake idzakhala bwino kwambiri.

Kodi amasunga dziko lino?

Tsopano kulabadira chakuti amaimira mfundo yaikulu ya anthu azikhala, popanda izi Inde nthanthi kuti kulibe. Motero, anthu azikhala zachokera mfundo yakuti aliyense akhoza, ndi zoona - ayenera kukhala mogwirizana kwambiri ndi zofuna zawo - thupi ndi m'maganizo. Chochita chirichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi loto lake, zofuna, zikhumbo zake ndi zina zotero. Imeneyi imagwira ntchito kwa zosangalatsa ntchito. Mu mawu ena, individualist nthaŵi zonse mudzasankha ntchito kuti Mudzambweza okha zosangalatsa ndi phindu, koma osati yosasangalatsa, adzakhala phindu pazipita ndi kubwerera nthawi yocheza free, zochita zake zonse zidzakhala khalidwe penapake wodzikonda. Komabe, pali wina ulamuliro zofunika kwambiri - zonsezi ayenera sanaletse chiwonetsero cha anthu azikhala mwa ena, chiwerengero cha anthu.

Zolingazo ndi mafano

Mu mbiri ya anthu inakhazikitsidwa mfundo zosiyanasiyana za anthu azikhala, zomwe zayambika ndi patsogolo Komabe, ife anapulumuka. Tikhoza kunena kuti poyerekezera ndi anthu a m'nthawi ya 19, tsopano dongosolo zambiri zofala worldview malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha view - anthu wamkulu ufulu ndi ufulu. Pamaziko a zimene anthu wathu wakhala chifukwa ife tafika mfundo imeneyi chitukuko? Ndi zokwanira kuyang'ana mu Poyang'ana m'mbuyo ndipo Atchule makolo otchuka. Kale anali maverick lanthano Achilles za Iliad. Ngakhale kuti anamenyera mphamvu, iye anali onse chiweruzo chake, ndi zinthu monga anaona kuti n'zabwino. Mu nthawi ya Ages Middle otchedwa akapanduka individualists anakhulupirira ngozi yaikulu ya anthu - yokwanira kukumbukira Joan waku Arc. Popeza Kubadwa Kwatsopano, tikuona kuti anthu azikhala - zatheka makamaka mabuku. Daniel Defoe, Dzhek London, Dostoevsky, onse alakatuli ya Silver Age , ndi ena ambiri. Mtengo waukulu mu moyo wa anthu tatchulawa ndi mwayi kupanga zosankha zawo ndi moyo wanu ndi wosiyana ndi ena.

Mbali chikhalidwe

A kwambiri pa wokha umachitira chikhalidwe cha anthu azikhala, chimenenso, amathandiza maganizo ameneŵa wolimba. Chifukwa chakuti kwa zaka zambiri anthu lathu limakhala ngati nkhosa, mbusa mmodzi ankalamulira, kuti chikusintha.

Izi anawonetseredwa mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku (kusintha moyo wa kuyambitsa mu luso), ndi mwambo (mwachitsanzo, munthu ano sadzaukitsidwa kuseka chifukwa chikondwerero pa March vernal, kapena chitseko si adzasala pulasitala phula, ngati iye kubera pa mkazi wake). Chitukuko cha chikhalidwe anthu azikhala limachititsa "kuswa" ojambula zithunzi ndi olemba ochuluka. anthu athu chikhalidwe wayamba kutuluka anthu wonse okonda amene angapeze kukondera ndi mzake, kusiya mfundo zawo.

Poyerekeza ndi zosiyana akuti

Pakuti Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuyesa kuyerekezera collectivism ndi anthu azikhala ndi kudziwa kuti n'chifukwa chiyani anthu ena amakonda wina ndi zina - wina. Collectivism - ndi Khalidwe la munthu ntchito ndi kuganiza mtundu waukulu. Childs, mu Zikatero, anthu modalirana, kapena kuchokera pa mutu wa gululo. Gulu loyamba limene munthu - ndi banja. Ngati ziri zazikulu (a ana ambiri, kapena agogo, azakhali, amalume), mwana akukula ndi worldview losonkhanitsidwa. M'tsogolo, n'kofunika maganizo a ena, iye amamuchititsa kupeza ntchito pa kampani inayake ndi ndodo lalikulu, kufunafuna anzako. Ngati mwana wina m'banja, ndi kukhala ndi worldview individualistic, zomwe ife tatchulazi.

methodological anthu azikhala

Mawu amenewa amatchedwa malo ongolankhula. Iwo amaganiza kuti ndi okwanira sociological ziyenera a chodabwitsa kapena chinthu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa munthu, ndiko kunena kuti munthuyo. Pano tili mu malingaliro chinthu anthu, ndi kusakhazikika kwa bokosi. M'mawu ena, ngati m'nthawi zakale, akaidi choperekedwa chilungamo pa maziko a malamulo olembedwa, nthawi zina zachiwawa, popanda ufulu pepani, koma lero aliyense upandu amakuona kudzera prisms osiyana, pamene kupeza anzeru ndiponso woganizira kunyengalera. Mfundo anthu azikhala methodological kwagona kuti pempho kwa wina "chifukwa uweme" (zilibe kanthu, ndi munthu wamoyo amene pemphani malangizo, kapena mulungu) angathe kuchitidwa monga nzika wamba dziko, komanso nthumwi ya boma. Aliyense wa iwo ayenera kufunafuna njira lanzeru nkhani iliyonse yolemera mavuto onse.