Anna Pavlova: yonena ndi chithunzi. The kwambiri Russian ballerina

The kwambiri Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova anabadwa 12 February 1881 ku St. Petersburg. Mtsikanayo anali wapathengo, mayi ake ankagwira ntchito buthulo pa banki odziwika Lazar Polyakov, iye ankaona atate wa mwana. Zachuma yekha kugwirizana pa kubadwa kwake sanamuzindikire, koma kodi simusamala chakuti mtsikana chinalembedwa monga Anna Lazarevna.

Mayi Polyakova anachoka kwawo ndi mwana ndipo anakakhala mumzinda wa St. Petersburg. The mtsikana anakulira ndipo anayamba kuyang'aniridwa ndi mayi ake, amene anayesetsa kuphunzitsa mwana wake chikondi cha luso.

Creative yonena Anny Pavlovoy

Tsiku lina amayi anga anatenga Anna kwa Mariinsky Theater. Anapereka "chiphadzuwa chogona" Petra Ilicha Chaykovskogo. Ndi phokoso loyamba yopuma azipereka Anya zinaleka. Kenako anamuyang'anira kuvina, kupuma, mtima wake fluttered chisangalalo, monga zowawa za kukongola.

Akuchita chachiwiri, anyamata ndi atsikana pa siteji kuvina ndi Waltz.

- mukufuna kuvina? - anati mayi ake a Anna panthaŵi yopuma ndi yoimira kuvina makolasi.

- No ... Ine ndikufuna kuvina, monga anachitira wopusa kukongola ... - msungwana anayankha.

Mutapita ku malo lowoneka wotchedwa Mariinsky Theater Anna anayamba kulota za kuvina. anakambirana onse m'nyumbamo anali tsopano luso choreographic, mtsikana kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku kuvina mu pagalasi, napita kudzuka ndi lingaliro la kuvina lapansi. Chizolowezi si ankawoneka ngati mwana, kuvina anakhala mbali ya moyo wake.

Mayi, powona izi, adatenga Anna ku sukulu kuvina. Pa nthawi imeneyo, msungwanayo anali atachoka zaka eyiti. Aphunzitsi anauzidwa kuti pakatha zaka ziwiri, pamene ndikulemba luso undoubted wa Ani. Mu 1891, a wovina tsogolo anavomereza kuti St. Petersburg Academy of Fieta Tirhana ku dipatimenti kuvina.

Phunziro ankavala khalidwe wovutika, chirichonse chinali subordinated chilango okhwima, utakhala inatenga maola asanu ndi atatu patsiku. Koma mu chaka cha 1898, Anna anamaliza maphunziro ake kukoleji ulemu. ntchito Final amatchedwa "M'maganizo dryads" izo mtsikana kuvina Party woperekera chikho mwana wamkazi.

Anna nthawi yomweyo mu Mariinsky Theater. kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ake mu kuvina "Sikunathandize kukonzekereratu" mu yanga de A trois (zitatu kuvina). Patapita zaka ziwiri, Anna Pavlova kuvina ntchito kutsogolera atakhala nyimbo ndi Cesare Pugni "Mwanawe The Farao." Kenako akuyamba wovina zinthu ngati Nikia mu "La Bayadere", amene anayika yokha Marius Petipa, mbadwa ya kuvina Russian. Mu 1903, Pavlov kale anachita mu ntchito kutsogolera kuvina "Giselle".

chitukuko

Mu 1906, Anna anaikidwa pa wovina otsogolera Kirov Ballet. Iwo anayamba mwakhama ntchito ya kufufuza kulenga kwa mitundu yatsopano. Russian kuvina chofunika zosintha, ndi Pauline anakhoza kulenga zithunzi angapo mu mzimu wa nthawi yathu, ntchito ndi choreographer Aleksandrom Gorskim Albucasis amene kuzifuna kuti dramatization a chiwembu ndipo anali wothandiza tchalitchi cha tsoka kuvina.

Anna Pavlova ndi Mikhail Fokin

Mu zaka za m'ma 20 Russian kuvina anali mchikakamizo cha mafunde zisinthe. Mmodzi wa mbali ambiri odzipereka a kusintha pa luso kuvina anali choreographer Mikhail Fokin. Iye anakana kwa kulekana chikhalidwe kuvina pantomime. A chinthu winanso wa wokonzanso Fokine anali chiyembekezo chakuti kwa a mitundu preprinted mu kuvina, magulu ndi ma. Iye anapereka improvisation kuvina ngati maziko a kuvina lonse.

Anna Pavlova anapanga yoimba loyamba la zipani zikuluzikulu za chuma cha Mihaila Fokina. Icho chinali "Mausiku Aigupto", "Berenice," "Les Sylphides", "mpesa", "Eunice," "Le Pavillon d'Armide". Koma chifukwa chachikulu cha mgwirizano anali kuvina "The Kufa Mbalame ya Chinsansa" nyimbo ndi Saint-Saëns, amene amayembekezeka kukhala chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za Russian kuvina cha m'ma 20. mbiri ya ballerina Pavlova ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi wake umenewu choreography. Ballet pachitika tsekwe kufa anadabwa dziko.

Mu December 1907 pa chikondi konsati Anna Pavlova anachita "Kufa Mbalame ya Chinsansa". Wolemba Camille Saint-Saëns, amene analipo pa nthawi yomweyo, anadabwa kwambiri mwa kutanthauzira nyimbo zake ndi kuti amasirira kwambiri luso ankapenta ntchito. Iye anayamikira ballerina zosangalatsa, pa bended bondo, kunena, "Zikomo inu, ndinazindikira kuti anatha kulemba nyimbo wokongola."

The ballerina bwino m'maiko monse ayesetsa kuchita wotchuka kuvina kakang'ono. Pambuyo Anna Pavlova kwathunthu anakwanitsa Maya Plisetskaya.

ulendo yachilendo

Mu 1907, ya mfumu Mariinsky Theater namuka. Zisudzo inachitika ku Stockholm. Posachedwa atabwerera ku Russia Anna Pavlova, ndi ballerina omveka dziko, anasiya zisudzo mbadwa, anavutika kwambiri mu nkhaniyi, ngati mmene zinalili ndi kulipira dipo yaikulu kulephera kwa mgwirizano. Komabe, izi sanaleke wovina.

moyo

Anna Pavlova, ndi ballerina ndi mapulani yaikulu kulenga, anapita ku Paris, komwe anayamba nawo "Nyengo Russian" ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala nyenyezi ya polojekiti. Ndiye iye anakumana Victor Dandre, ndi connoisseur chachikulu cha luso la kuvina, amene nthawi yomweyo anatenga zothandizira mipingo yawo ya Anna anachoka m'nyumba mwake ku Paris mabusa, wokonzeka kuvina kalasi. Komabe, ndalama mtengo ndithu, ndipo Dandre anamwaza ndalama anthu, zomwe iye anagwidwa ndi kuimbidwa mlandu.

Ndiye Pavlova Anna Pavlovna anamaliza mtengo kwambiri, koma angongole pangano ndi London bungwe "Braff" umene unali woti akhale tsiku lililonse, kawiri pa tsiku. ndalama anathandiza kupulumutsa Victor Dandre m'ndende, monga ngongole yake kuuzimitsa. Okonda tinakwatirana mipingo Paris Orthodox.

Swans mu moyo wa ballerina ndi

Pambuyo Pavlov pang'ono ntchito pansi pa pangano ndi "Braff" bungwe, iye analengedwa kuvina ake kampani nayamba kulankhula ndi kupambana mu France ndi UK. Kwathunthu kuthetsedwa ndi bungwe la, Anna Pavlova, wina moyo wakhala kusintha, iye anathetsa ndi Dandre mu London. kwawo anali Ivy House ndi zazikulu ndi dziwe yapafupi anakhala wokongola swans woyera. Kuyambira tsopano moyo Anny Pavlovoy anali inextricably zogwirizana ndi nyumba lodabwitsa ili, ndi mbalame mfulu. Ballerina anapeza chitonthozo akulankhula ndi swans.

ntchito zina

Pavlova Anna Pavlovna, chikhalidwe ndi yogwira, wokondedwa mapulani chitukuko yake yolenga. mwamuna wake, mwamwayi, mwadzidzidzi anapeza luso kukwatira zipatso komanso kulimbikitsa ntchito ya mkazi wake. Iye anakhala woyang'anira boma Anny Pavlovoy, ndi wovina kwambiri sizikanatha nkhawa za tsogolo lawo, izo zinali mu manja wabwino.

Mu 1913 ndi 1914 wovina anachita mu Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, kuphatikizapo Mariinsky Theater, kumene iye otsiriza kuvina Nikia. Mu Moscow, Anna Pavlova anabwera powonekera m'munda Galasi Theatre "Hermitage". Zotsatirazi nkhaniyi, iye anapita pa ulendo wautali Europe. Kenaka miyezi yambiri woyendera mu United States, Brazil, Chile ndi Argentina. Kenako kupuma pang'ono, Dandre anakonza ulendo wa Australia ndi ku Asia.

Mtima wofuna kusintha

Back mu zaka zoyambilira za Mariinsky Theater, atangotsiriza sukulu, Anna Pavlova anamva lingathe kusintha malamulo okhazikika mu kuvina luso. Young wovina akukumana kufunika pachimake kusintha. Iye anaganiza kuti choreography akhoza kukodzedwa ndipo amatilimbikitsa mitundu yatsopano. Zapamwamba za mtundu wanyimbo amawonetsa penapake chakale, zofuna ndi kwakukulu Mokweza.

Kuyeserera gawo lake mu "Sikunathandize kukonzekereratu", Pavlov adafotokoza Marius Petipa kupanga sitepe chosintha ndi m'malo mwa kanthawi siketi crinoline siketi ndi mkanjo wautali koyenera, kutchula wotchuka Mariyu Taloni woimirira wa kuvina za Nyengo Achikondi, amene anayambitsa tutu ndi pointe nsapato, ndi ndiye kuzisiya zovala yochepa siketi kugwa.

Choreographer Petipa anamvera maganizo a Anna, atavala, ndipo Marius anaonera kuvina kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto. Pambuyo pake, Tutu anakhala Zochitika za zisudzo monga "Mbalame ya Chinsansa Nyanja", pomwe yochepa siketi ndi bwino kuti wakhala kalembedwe. Anthu ambiri ankaona kumayambiriro kwa mkanjo monga mtundu zofunika kuvina kuvala kuphwanya malamulo, koma ngakhale yaitali loyenda ballerina zovala patapita nkhani luso zovala kuvina monga mbali yofunika ya ntchito.

Zilandiridwenso komanso kusamvetsetsana

Anna Pavlova yekha wotchedwa yokha upainiya ndipo wokonzanso. Iye amanyadira kuti iye anali wokhoza kuti amusiyitse "bai-bai" (crinoline masiketi,), ndi kuvala moyenera kwambiri. Iye anali kutsutsana ndi oweruza a kuvina miyambo ndi kutsimikizira kuti Tutu si zisudzo onse. Ndipo zovala ed ayenera anasankha mogwirizana ndi zimene zikuchitika pa siteji, osati mokomera malamulo a zachikhalidwe.

Adani a Paulo amanena kuti miyendo lotseguka - makamaka chionetsero cha luso kuvina. Anna anavomera, koma anayamikira ufulu kusankha zovala. Iye anaona kuti crinoline yaitali kukhala chikhumbo maphunziro ndi mwamtheradi alibe zinthu. malamulo ofunda akhala mbali ziwiri, koma mawu otsiriza anaganiza kuchoka kwa anthu.

Anna Pavlova adatsukwala chimodzi chokha alibe mwinjiro - malaya mosatsata ballerina "porhlivosti". mawu amene ndi yekha, mawu zinatanthauza kuti makutu zikumangidwa pansi chisonyezo zouluka thupi, kapena kani, iwo anabisa ndege yokha. Koma ndiye Anna waphunzira masuku pamutu chilema izi. Ballerina anapereka kwa okondedwa kuti kuponyera pang'ono kuposa nthawi zonse, ndipo zonse zinagwa malo. Kuvina panali ufulu chofunika kuyenda ndi chisomo.

Serge Lifar: zidindo

"Sindinaonepo chotero lightness Mulungu, ndiwachabe airiness ndi kayendedwe choncho achisomo." Choncho ndinalemba yaikulu French choreographer Serge Lifar pa msonkhano wake ndi Russian ballerina kumvutitsa Pavlovoy.

"Kuchokera tsiku loyamba iwo unagonjetsedwa ndi chosema chikhalidwe, iye anavina, momwe kupuma mosavuta ndi mwachibadwa. Panalibe wofuna kukonza kuvina fuete, katswiri zidule. Only okongola a thupi lachibadwa kuyenda ndi lightness, airiness ..."

"Ndinaona Paulo si wovina, ndi kuvina mwapang'ono. Iye anakweza ine kuchokera pansi mmwamba, ine sindikanakhoza kuyankhula kapena kuwunika. Sadziwa sizinakhale, ndipo iwo sangakhoze kukhala mulungu."

Woyendera ndi ziwerengero

Anna Pavlova anali yogwira woyendera moyo kwa zaka 22. Nthawi imeneyi anatenga gawo mu zisudzo za naini zikwi, magawo awiri amene kuchokera kuphedwa udindo waukulu. Kupita mumzinda ndi mzinda, ballerina kugonjetsa palibe makilomita osakwana 500 zikwi sitima. Chitaliyana mwini kupanga nsapato kuvina adasoka kwa Anna Pavlova awiriawiri zikwi ziwiri za nsapato pointe pa chaka.

Pakati zambiri maulendo ballerina kupumula ndi mwamuna wake kunyumba kwake, mwa swans dzanja, mu mthunzi wa mitengo, pafupi ndi dziwe akadali woyera. Mu ulendo wotereyo Dandre anaitanidwa wotchuka wojambula zithunzi Lafayette, amene anapanga angapo zithunzi Anny Pavlovoy ndi tsekwe wake wokondedwa. Masiku ano, zithunzi izi zazindikirika monga chikumbukiro cha ballerina lalikulu la zana la 20.

Mu Australia, polemekeza ballerina Russian Anna Pavlova anabwera ndi mchere "Pavlova" zipatso zosowa ndi Kuwonjezera Meringue a. Mwa njira, New Zealanders kuti iwo adapanga ichi azichitira kamapezeka m'mafuta.

Kamodzi Anna Pavlova anavina pa siteji wotchuka wowerengeka Mexico kuvina "Tapati Kharab," kutanthauza "kuvina ndi chipewa," mu tanthauzo lake. Mexico wachangu wovina ndipo anaponyera lonse powonekera zipewa. Ndipo mu 1924, kuvina anatsimikizidwa kuvina dziko la Republic Mexico.

Mu China, Anna Pavlova kudabwa omvera, kuvina yosayima 37 fuete pa nsanja yaing'ono, anaika pa nsana wa njovu, akuyenda m'munda.

alimi Dutch wamkulu zosiyanasiyana wapadera wa tulips woyera mtundu, amene analandira dzina la ballerina kwambiri Anna Pavlova. Wosakhwima maluwa pa wochepa zimayambira, monga umasonyeza chisomo.

Mu London, anamanga angapo zipilala osiyana wodzipereka kwa ballerina lapansi. Aliyense wa iwo ngwa inayake ya moyo wake. Atatu mwa chipilala anaika pafupi ndi nyumba Ivy Nyumba imene Pavlov wakhala moyo wake.

Anna ndi chifundo chidwi, iye ankachita nawo chikondi, anatsegula ana amasiye angapo ndipo dosshouses ana osowa pokhala. Anyamata ndi atsikana a alendo mabungwe ndi luso kuvina, anasankhidwa natuma kuvina ana sukulu, lotseguka nyumba Ivy House.

Osiyana kanthu chikondi Anna Pavlova anali mpumulo wake njala ku dera Volga. Komanso, pa pempho ake nthawi zonse kutumiza maphukusi ku St. Petersburg kuvina sukulu.

Imfa ya wovina kwambiri

Anna Pavlova anafa ndi chibayo January 23, 1931 ku The Hague, pa ulendo wa. Ballerina pa rehearsal ozizira mu chipinda ozizira. phulusa lake ku columbarium ndi "Golders Green", mu London. The urn ili pafupi ndi zotsalira za mwamuna wake Victor Dandre.

Mufilimuyi, olengedwa mwa kukumbukira Anny Pavlovoy

Moyo ndi tsogolo la dziko wotchuka ballerina chimasonyeza TV filimu ya asanu ankachitika scripted Emile Lotyanu.

mbiri Film limatiuza yochepa koma lapadera moyo ballerina kwambiri ndi munthu wabwino dzina lake Anna Pavlova. 1983, linanena bungwe nthawi zino kuti zenera, chaka 102 lokumbukira kubadwa kwa wovina a. Mufilimuyi nawo kwambiri za chikhalidwe, ndi udindo wa Paulo anaimba Ammayi Galina Belyaeva.