Ankara ndi Istanbul likulu la Turkey? Likulu la Turkey tsopano

"Ankara ndi Istanbul likulu la Turkey?" - ndikudabwa alendo ambiri achilendo. Ndipo anadabwa kwambiri atamva kuti mzinda waukulu ili kwinakwake mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dziko. N'chiyani chimachititsa anthu kuganiza kuti ndi likulu la Istanbul? Mwina zokopa wakuti "Zazikulu Century", ndi epic imene nkhani za vicissitudes banja Ottoman Sultan Suleiman Qanooni (chilungamo). Inde, mzindawo pa Golden Horn anali likulu. Ndipo mwa njira, osati nthawi ya Sultans. Ndipo Ankara? Kaya ndi "nyumba yatsopano" monga, kuti, Chikazaki likulu la Astana? Pa vicissitudes a tsogolo la mizinda iwiri, kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

m'munsi Istanbul

Ulemu tsamba la "mwala woyamba" mu mzinda wa atsamunda Greek. Mu 658 BC. e. iwo anabwera kuchokera Megara ndi anakhazikika pa kakang'ono, chimene chili pakati pa nyanja ya Marmara ndi Golden Horn. mzinda awo dzina lake polemekeza mtsogoleri wa Ufumu wa Byzantium. The yabwino Hrs malo, amene anachita chotheka kuletsa Ndime ya sitima ya nyanja ya Marmara ku Nyanja Black ndi kumbuyo, anathandiza kuti akatidzadza anthu, kukula kwa ntchito zamanja ndi malonda. City of Byzantium - likulu tsogolo la Turkey Istanbul - ali mwamsanga mmodzi wa mzinda waukulu Greek. Mu '74 BC. e. Asia Minor anagonjetsa Rome. City, amene gawo akhala inasintha akutali chilumba pachiyambi, anapitiriza kuchulukana. Koma nkhondo ya akunjawo, amene anakhala chiyambi cha kutha kwa ufumu wa Roma, Agwedeza umoyo wa anthu ndi Byzantium. Pofika m'zaka za zana lachitatu AD, mzinda zinasokonezeka.

zosowa zakale Ankara

Ngati mudzapempha chimene mzinda wakale - Byzantium kapena Angira (monga ndi dzina lakale likulu la Turkey), m'pofunika kuzindikira kuti mzinda wamakono anatuluka za nthawi yomweyo, mu VII m'ma BC, koma Ankara nacho chinachake choti apambane Istanbul . Suli kutali ndi mzinda wapadera Neolithic Çatalhöyük. Ngakhale wamakono Ankara m'zaka XI (yaitali asanabwere atsamunda Greek) panali linga, m'modzi wa limasonyeza mu unyolo kudziteteza Mhiti chitukuko. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mawu achigiriki otanthauza "Angira" anamasuliridwa ngati "nangula." Chifukwa sitimayo chizindikiro cha mzinda, mpaka ku nyanja? Angira atagona pa mphambano ya misewu yambiri polumikiza Asia Minor ku Ulaya ndi Africa. Chifukwa malo yabwino ya m'mudzimo kukufananitsani kuukira. Iwo anali Aperisiya, Fulugiya, Aselote. Inalimbikitsidwa wapadera kutukula chuma wapereka kugonjetsa Roma. Mfumu Augustus anamanga pano malimwe ake okhala. Mu Angira, monga Byzantium wakale, pali ubwino wa chitukuko monga sewerage, madzi, street kuunikira, chifukwa motere wa utumiki moto ndi apolisi.

nthawi zimawonongeka

The kum'mawa kwa lalikulu Roma sichidziwika akhudzidwa ndi kulandidwa kwa akunjawo, kuposa azungu. Choncho, mbadwa ya Trier (ano Germany) Konstantin Veliky mu 324 zokakhala likulu la chikhalidwe chawo kwa Byzantium. Kubwera kwa ena kuchepa kwa mzinda chofanana mfundo likulu, mfumu anayamba kumanga zikuluzikulu. Iye anayambitsa yopuma msonkho kwa osamuka oyembekezera - amisiri ndi anthu amalonda. Mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, m'dera mzinda chawonjezeka ndi kangapo. Ndithudi, iye anali kakang'ono kuposa Ankara masiku ano Istanbul. Likulu la Turkey panthawi imeneyo inali tauni yaing'ono. Koma Byzantium amene Constantine anadzatchedwa Chatsopano Rome zambiri. Mfumu kwambiri anafuna kukhala likulu la waposa mwanaalirenji ake Wamuyaya City. Kuphatikiza pa madalitso kwa anthu amalonda, adagawira kwa chuma cha mkate, mafuta ndi mafuta kufunika. Ku Athens, ku Efeso, Korinto, Rome ndi ku New Rome tinaitanidwa Osema ndi amisiri, mapulani ndi atsogoleri.

nthawi Byzantine

dzina akagwire pa, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa mfumu mzinda anadzatchedwa Constantinople. Ilo linali mzinda weniweni wa oyambirira Ages Middle. Apa litapita zotsalira za oyera woyang'anira, anamanga akachisi zazikulu, osambira, zitsime, ndi Hippodrome. City, wakumvera ndi zothandizira mipingo yawo ya Mary, anali madoko angapo malonda ndi nkhondo. Utatha yomaliza ya Roma, Constantinople n'kukhala likulu la boma latsopano - Byzantium. Izi dziko amphamvu kwambiri amene ankapita ndi basileis chimafikira zina zambiri kuposa Turkey panopa. Capital (Map Ufumu wa Byzantium kumasonyeza) anali mukanthawi pakati pa dziko. Kutali anawonjezera zochita wauzimu wa Byzantium. Chipembedzo Asilavo anthu anabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumeneko. Komanso zilembo - zilembo za Chisililiki. Koma Constantinople (otchedwa Asilavo Constantinople) anali chandamale cha nkhondo. Kuchidziwa kudzakhala mafumu a West, ndi Akhristu, Asilavo, Huns, Aperisiya, Avars, Aluya ndi Pechenegs.

Ankara panthawi Byzantine

Mwanaalirenji ndi ulemerero wa ufumu kwambiri ngakhale ayi, komanso bwanji kum'mawa woyandikana Constantinople - wodzichepetsa Angira. Kupyola mu mzinda uno anadutsa njira yovuta kwa East, ku Asia. Ulamuliro wa "silika Road" anamenya Aluya ndi Akhristu. Ndi kufooka Ufumu wa Byzantine, Ankara - likulu la Turkey m'tsogolo - wadutsa mu munda wa Seljuks. Izi zinachitika Malazgitskoy nkhondo 1073. Ngati mzinda sakutero Seljuks sanali kumusamalira. Koma apa powonekera mbiri anaonekera Ottoman. Pa chiyambi cha XV atumwi a asilikali molamulidwa ndi Sultan Bayezid Ine ndinamenya nawo Nkhondo ya Ankara ndi asilikali Timur a. Mudzi ndi malo ake kwadzaoneni akusokoneza. Komabe, asilikali Sultan pankhondo imeneyi anagonjetsedwa, ndipo iye anatengedwa ukapolo.

m'ma zazikulu

zaka 561 zapitazo, May 29, 1453, Constantinople anatengedwa ndi ankhondo a Mehmed II Fatih (Mgonjetsi). Constantine XI Palaeologus, ndi Basileus otsiriza, anaphedwa pankhondo. Choncho anathetsa mbiri kuposa 1,100 chaka Ufumu wa Byzantine. Constantinople anadzatchedwa Istanbul. "Chapamwamba Porte" (as m'nthawi wotchedwa Ottoman la Turkey), anatenga angathe izi chuma, izo zakhala imodzi mwa osewera otchuka m'bwalo la ndale za dzikoli. Pamaso Mehmed Fatih sanali funso - Ankara kapena Istanbul. Likulu la Ottoman Turkey anali kugonjetsa ndingaliro ya yachilendo akazembe mwanaalirenji ndipo kuposa kale lonse. Iwo uli pano anamanga mizikiti odzitukumula ndiponso, ndithudi, Sultan ndi Topkapi Palace.

Ankara pa Ottoman

Likulu panopa Turkey pamaso kugwa kwa Constantinople anasamukira koyamba kwa Seljuks, ndiyeno a Ottoman. mzindawu pa malo okwera Anatolia wachita kale anazolowera moyo kumalire kumudzi. Ndi IX VI wa zaka (ngakhale pamene Byzantine bazilevs) inamangidwa mu wapawiri mphete citadel kumbuyo makoma. Likulu la Turkey, Istanbul wakhala kugwirizana ndi malonda njira Ankara a. Choncho, mzinda akuzigawo akali m'derali. Kodi mizikiti mukumangidwa - ena mwachindunji pamaziko a matchalitchi, amene nawonso, anamangidwira pa malo a akachisi achikunja. Nyumba zakale Chisilamu mu Ankara ankaona Hadzhibayram Mosque, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XV pa bwinja la Kachisi wa St. Augustine, ndi Roma. Nyumba iyi achipembedzo akuchitabe ntchito zake. Mkati ndi manda a Haji Bayram, woyera ndi anayambitsa dongosolo kumene kumakhala Amonke, omwe anafa 1430.

Ankara - likulu la Turkey

Mu 18-19 zaka TH, Ottoman Ufumu, chokumana ndi nkhondo zonse, analowa pansi. Ngakhale yoyamba ya padziko lonse, Turkey waganiza kuthandiza Germany - ndi zotsatira lagawidwa nazo kuwawa kwa kugonja. Choncho, mu 1918, Istanbul anali kulamulidwa ndi asilikali a ku France, UK ndi Greece. Koma patangopita nthawi yochepa yolimbirana ufulu, dziko anazindikira ulamuliro wa Turkey. Mu 1923, mtsogoleri Mustafa Kemal Ataturk atalengeza chiwonongeko mafumu ndi maphunziro. Iye ankafuna kuti titalikirane yokha ngati kuli kotheka kwa "yakumeneko" wa Istanbul, makamaka chifukwa chakuti panali mbali zambiri za ulamuliro akale. Komanso, Atatürk amafuna kusuntha likulu mu "mzere wa ntchito ankhondo." Ankara anasankhidwa ndi mwayi. mzinda uno anali pafupiko ndi Istanbul, komanso kumachititsanso kuti njanji. Koma likulu latsopano la Turkey (zithunzi za zaka ndi umboni wakuti) ndi m'derali wathunthu. pamzindapo panalibe madzi, kuunikira, kuchimbudzi. Akazembe mosinjirira munanena kuti abulu womangidwa kwa Utumiki wa trellis zenera dziko la Affairs okhonda.

Likulu la Turkey tsopano

Ataturk zambiri padera ntchito yomanga ndi chitukuko cha mzinda. Tsopano ndi Mipikisano miliyoni-mzinda. The kukopa ndicho Ankara mausoleum wa mtsogoleri wa dziko Ataturk. Pafupi ndi nyumba zatsopano pano adjoin ndi yopapatiza misewu akale ndi misikiti wakale. Koma akazembe ambiri ndi maofesi a boma kuthetsa aliwonse okayikira amene ali mumzinda - Ankara kapena Istanbul - likulu la Turkey.