Ana olumala - ana olumala. Mapulogalamu ana olumala

Njira yabwino kwambiri ya gulu maphunziro ana olumala kunyumba amachita monga mtundu wakutali, zimene zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zapamwamba zambiri ndiponso kulankhulana.

Monga mbali ya kuphunzira, sipangakhalenso akuyendera chosonyeza, wophunzira aliyense akhoza kupangidwa ndi wapadera maphunziro, ndinazolowera peculiarities wake munthu wa thanzi ndi aphunzitse (mapulani maphunziro zina ndi kupeza ntchito anakhumba).

Monga acronym amayimira HIA chiyani?

Ndi zachilendo ndipo zikutanthauza olumala. Choncho, ana olumala - ana amene ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupatuka (m'maganizo ndi m'thupi), kuchititsa kuphwanya Inde chilengedwe cha chitukuko chonse, mogwirizana ndi zimene iwo kuti si nthawi zonse amakhala ndi moyo wonse.

Monga mbali ya mbali yophunzitsa akhoza kukonza mu tanthauzo yopapatiza kwambiri. Ana olumala - ana amene akhala kuphwanya chitukuko psychophysical (kulankhula, masomphenya, kumva, dongosolo locomotor, nzeru, etc.), Ndipo iwo nthawi zambiri amafuna yapadera yophunzitsa choipa ndi maphunziro.

kuphunzira Distance wolemala ana

Ufulu kuphunzira wakhala patsogolo ufulu moyo ndi chikhalidwe aliyense chifukwa chakuti iwo amaona ngati dera la cikhalidwe, zotsatira kwambiri pa citukuko anthu.

Zinthu zamakono ndi gulu nzika monga ana olumala, ndi mavuto (malamulo, zachuma, bungwe, luso ndi chikhalidwe) ndi zonse kuti n'zotheka kukhazikitsa. Mogwirizana ndi imeneyi mwachangu ndipo amamva chisoni amapeza kuphunzira limagwirira oyendetsera dziko ndi malamulo kuonetsetsa ndi ufulu kuphunzira.

Maphunziro a ana olumala mwa mtunda zimathandiza kupereka mwana aliyense maphunziro mkulu khalidwe kaya malo enaake ophunzirira. Kudziŵa pophunzira kompyuta chilengedwe amatipatsa mwana ndi mwayi kukhala ndi luso zogwirizana kuti iye mtsogolo ndi ntchito ndi moyo yabwino ambiri.

Zochita nthawi zambiri zatsimikiziridwa kuti kuphunzira kudzera mtunda umisiri maphunziro amapanga screen wa ana olumala maphunziro yoyenera, komanso kutukula za pulogalamu zofunika maphunziro a sekondale maphunziro ambiri.

Ubwino Distance Learning

Apa, mphunzitsi maukonde ndi namkungwi (mphunzitsi-mlangizi) azichititsa maphunziro ntchito yapadera otaya tchati, amene ntchito ngati individualization ya kuphunzira kudzera zosiyanasiyana zitsanzo munthu ofotokoza za bungwe ndi maphunziro ndi maphunziro (malingana ndi zosowa zawo komanso maluso a gulu ophunzira).

Cholinga chachikulu cha maphunziro apa ndi chitetezo Pawokha mwanayo, ndi chilengedwe cha zinthu oyenera mawu ake. Izi chingapezeke mwa malangizo kusiyanitsidwa, amene amaganizira mlingo wa kuloŵerera chidziwitso sekondale, kuyenda kwa zinthu zake, ndi chitukuko cha luso ndi luso losiyanasiyana.

zikuchitikazi chofunika kukhazikitsa sukulu ana olumala chiyani?

Iwo ayenera kuonetsetsa zinthu monga:

1. kukwaniritsa zotsatira amafunika poyerekezera ndi kukula kwa ophunzira onse a mapulogalamu zofunika maphunziro a maphunziro a kupulayimale ambiri.

2. kugwiritsa ntchito ochiritsira mosabisa mamba mlingo olephera maphunziro a ana olumala kuti zosowa zawo maphunziro.

3. Adequacy ziyenera mlingo wa masiyanidwe a yamtunduwu zofunika za mwana aliyense olumala, pamodzi ndi ophunzira ena, ndipo makolo (kui malamulo) ndi ndodo sukulu.

4. mwamakonda za ndondomeko maphunziro ndi zonse kwa ana olumala.

5. Kuwavutitsa chitukuko cha luso la gulu la ophunzira kucheza ndiponso kulankhula ndi anzawo.

6. Development ndi chizindikiritso luso la ana olumala mwa zigawo, magulu, zibonga ndi situdiyo, komanso gulu la zinthu chikhalidwe zothandiza, kuphatikizapo mchitidwe chikhalidwe, ntchito maluso a maphunziro zilipo zina za sukulu.

7. NAWO ophunzira olumala mu kololeka Mpikisano kulenga ndi aluntha awo, kapangidwe ndi kufufuza zinthu ndi sayansi ndi luso zilandiridwenso.

8. okhudzidwa a ana olumala, makolo ndi aphunzitsi mu chitukuko cha mapulogalamu zofunika maphunziro a maphunziro a kupulayimale ambiri, komanso kamangidwe ka chilengedwe mkati chikhalidwe ndi mapangidwe njira payekha maphunziro.

9. Ntchito monga mbali ya maphunziro nzeru, sayansi ofotokoza matekinoloje Malangizo amene ali lolunjika pa mavuto apadera maphunziro a ophunzira olumala.

10. Cooperation danga maphunziro ndi sekondale, ndi masukulu wapadera, zomwe zingathandize ntchito lokhalamo zaka zambiri chiphunzitso ndi zonse za maphunzilo a ana olumala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwapadera analengedwera izi.

Choncho, panafunika kuti ikhazikitse mapulogalamu munthu ana olumala, yomwe kwenikweni makolo awo ayenera kukhala. Mwanjira imeneyi kudziwa udindo wake ndi zonse khalidwe la moyo mwanayo, osati banja komanso kusukulu.

Oziziritsa ziwalo ana: Zoyambitsa

Iwo ali pafupifupi 50. Komabe, iwo onse inayambira mimba chowawa ndi kubadwa wotsatira.

The kwambiri (kuchititsa lalikulu mavuto) zikuphatikiza:

1. pachimake anoxia nthawi yobereka (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa zolimba kukodwa umbilical chingwe, nsengwa ndi msanga delamination Al.) Kapena yaitali atabadwa (msanga khanda: masabata osachepera 37 gestation kapena masekeli osachepera 2 kg). Oopsa kwambiri, makamaka akuzindikiridwa anabala msanga ndi gawo la Kaisara.

2. Kukhalapo kwa matenda intrauterine (cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, chikuku, etc.).

3. kwambiri hemolytic matenda a akhanda (immunological zosagwirizana mayi ndi magazi yoopsa).

4. ambiri teratogenic zinthu zokhudza chapakati mantha dongosolo ambiri mimba oyambirira (mwachitsanzo, madyedwe a mankhwala oletsedwa, kuphatikizapo kulera m'thupi, kukhudzana ndi poizoni etc.).

Ndipo ndi zinthu zochepa zoipa zimene zingachititse khunyu la ubongo ana, ndipo amavutitsa zogwirika kuti thanzi la mwana yekhayo.

Zochita za ana ndi kuwonongeka zithunzi

Monga kale kuwerenga pamwamba, ana olumala - gulu la anthu ndi mtundu wina wa kuwonongeka. Pankhaniyi - ntchito zithunzi.

Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa gulu la ana, kutsatira makhalidwe a mphamvu ya matenda enieni zithunzi akhala kuzindikiridwa:

1. Chiwerengero cha ana ndi masomphenya yotsalira (90%) chawonjezeka kwambiri. Ali:

• kwathunthu akhungu - 3-4%;
• kuchokera ku Kuwala kuzindikira - 7%;
• VIZUS ndi 0,06 - 10%.

2. Kuwonjezeka kuchuluka kwa matenda zovuta zithunzi. Komatu zina imakhudzana ndi kuwonongeka zithunzi, amene yodziwika ndi kugonjetsedwa limodzi ntchito yake. Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana m'munda ino anatsimikizira kuti sanayambebe kupita kusukulu ambiri 2-3 matenda diso.

3. Awonjezere chiwerengero cha kupunduka kuti ayende matenda zithunzi. Childs, zikukhudza kuphwanya chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Kusakanikirana ndi ana olumala mu sukulu

Iyi ndiyo njira yophunzitsa ana olumala mu bungwe maphunziro a mtundu onse. nkhani imeneyi yowalanga ndithu kwambiri lero.

maphunziro Integrated zikutanthauza kuti ana olumala mu sukulu ayenera adziwe chomwecho luso maluso ndi chidziwitso ndi pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati bwinobwino osauka.

Kuti zaka sukulu amaona kuti kukhala yabwino kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi ana olumala mu gulu la anzawo ndi chitukuko yachibadwa.

Maphunziro a ana olumala mu sukulu

Iwo anatengedwa kumeneko pambuyo chiphaso cha mapeto a pedagogical ndi medico maganizo Commission, zimene ziyenera ananena kuti mwana akhoza amaphunzitsidwa kukhala mbali ya sukulu mabuku.

Palinso likunena zambiri ndi zonse ku mbali maganizo ndi pedagogical chitukuko cha munthu weniweni, komanso zotsatira matenda m'madera amenewa. Kuvomereza ziwalo ntchito m'munsili yagawidwa mu wophunzira mbiri.

Choona chodziwika paima a kusinthika kuchokera ku sukulu ku pulayimale khoma sukulu ndithu mavuto, Choncho patsogolo ntchito thandizo utumiki amachita ntchito zopewera ndi ana olumala ndi zonse kuti tipewe mavuto nyengo anatengera.

Ndi zimene akhoza anakumana ndi ana olumala mu kusintha kwa sukulu ku sukulu?

Ndi nthawi ya mavuto kusintha monga:

• munthu (a digiri yapamwamba nkhawa, njakata mu mphamvu, otsika kuphunzira zolinga, kuchepa kudzidalira);
• umoyo maganizo (a chiwerengero cha mavuto a maladjustment chikhalidwe);
• chidziwitso (tcheru, maganizo, kukumbukira, kuzindikira, ndi zina zotero. d.).

Malangizo zikuluzikulu za ntchito thandizo utumiki

Ana olumala kusukulu liyenera kumlandira mu maphunziro thandizo la mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Matenda miyeso ndi zonse kwa muzochitika maganizo ndi volitional, angalimbikitsire ndi chidziwitso cha umunthu wophunzirayo.
2. Analytical ntchito.
3. miyeso m'gulu (sukulu maganizo, mankhwala ndi pedagogical mukambilana, yaikuluikulu misonkhano onse ogwira ntchito, maphunziro, misonkhano ndi makolo a ophunzira, aphunzitsi ndi owayimilira makonzedwe).
4. ntchito Advisory ndi ophunzira ndi makolo ndiponso aphunzitsi awo.
5. zodzitetezera (kukhazikitsa ma kuthetsa nkhani ndi zonse kwa mogwirizana lotha).
6. Mwadongosolo kudzudzulidwa ndi chitukuko ntchito (zokambirana payekha ndi gulu ndi ana zovuta kusintha).

Gulu la gulu la anthu ndi A. R. Müller

Bukuli lili ndi chikhalidwe yeniyeni siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo, kuti ana olumala kungakhale:

• wogontha;
• zovuta kumva;
• mochedwa deafened;
• akhungu;
• bwinobwino;
• kuphwanya ntchito za dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa;
• kuphwanya maganizo ndi volitional;
• olumala aluntha;
• ndi retardation maganizo
• ndi matenda aakulu kulankhula;
• zovuta zovuta kakulidwe olumala.

mitundu isanu dizontogeneza V. V. Lebedinskogo

Monga tanena kale, ana olumala - gulu la anthu olumala ena. Choncho, mtundu woyamba wa machitidwe oterewa dizontogeneza underdevelopment maganizo. chitsanzo lake lililonse - retardation maganizo.

Mtundu chachiwiri - anachedwa chitukuko ankaimira poliformnoy gulu ndi yofanana (infantilism, mkhutu luso sukulu underdevelopment ntchito apamwamba yokhudza kotekisi, ndi ena.).

Mtundu wachitatu kumaphatikizapo kuwononga kakulidwe maganizo (poyamba bwinobwino, ndipo kenako linaphwanya chifukwa kuvulala kapena matenda a CNS).

Chachinayi - ndi kuchepekedwa chitukuko, zomwe ndi psycho m'thupi mosiyanasiyana, koma nkhani ndi kuswa maganizo kapena, kapena dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa, kapena kumva.

The view chachisanu ndi oipa chitukuko, yodziwika ndi osakaniza mitundu pamwambapa.

Chimodzi - kuphwanya dongosolo la mapangidwe abwino. Pankhaniyi, chitsanzo mmene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya psychopathology.

Akamanena za ntchito kuthandiza ana olumala nyumba yogonamo

Kudzudzulidwa-osauka ntchito ndi ana olumala - ndi kuthandiza maganizo ndi chikhalidwe chitukuko (mapangidwe zithunzi za makhalidwe abwino-chikhalidwe ndi dziŵani ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi nzeru ndi luso zintchito kuphunzira).

Kapangidwe ka maphunziro ndi kuphunzitsa ana olumala kakulidwe aumbike kuti nthawi iliyonse m'badwo ndipo anapatsidwa ntchito mabuku mosabisa kuti asinthe.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani kuti tiziika yokonza gulu la anthu zochita?

Ana olumala ndi wapadera, kotero chisamaliro kukonza ayenera payekha payekha ngati kuli kotheka. Pamafunika mumzindawo, wodekha ndi ntchito maganizo. Aphunzitsi ayenera kukhala bwinobwino chimene mtundu wa njira zophunzitsira ndi bwino kutsatira wophunzira zenizeni, momwe kumuthandiza kuthana ndi mavuto mu maphunziro, makamaka zokhudzana ndi matenda ake.

Kugwira ntchito ndi ana olumala wa zaka njira sukulu yokhudza iwo mu mwapadera chilengedwe maphunziro ndi kakulidwe, komanso gulu la maphunziro angathe kuikidwa, amene ayenera kuganizira msinkhu wawo ndi mbali psychophysical.

Choncho, potsiriza, ayenera kukumbutsa mawu olembedwa takambirana zinthu zosiyana. Ana olumala - gulu la anthu, amene yodziwika ndi zipolowe (maganizo kapena thupi), chimene chimafuna njira mwapadera bungwe kuphunzira.