Alexithymia - ichi ... alexithymia monga vuto la maganizo

Ganizilani mmene nthawi zina ngakhale munthu wathanzi labwino n'zovuta kufotokoza maganizo ake pamene iye akungoyang'ana kolowera dzuwa, fungo maluwa kasupe, phokoso la mvula pa denga. Kodi kale kuyankhula za alexithymia mtima, zimene ziri mwamtheradi sangathe Kuwapatsa mawonekedwe wapakamwa maganizo awo ndi zokumana nazo.

Akamanena mawu akuti

Alexithymia - ndi kulephera kuti afotokoze maganizo wolalata, kukatenga mawu zofunika kusonyeza interlocutor lake lonse osiyanasiyana zomverera mkati. Zamaganizo kuti izi si matenda. Ambiri mwina, alexithymia angatchedwe makhalidwe munthu wa psyche munthu, ndi matenda kapena vuto la maganizo, zomwe ziribe kanthu kochita ndi olumala aluntha. Munthu akhoza kukhala wanzeru Mwachitsanzo, wasayansi wotchuka kapena kafukufuku, koma musanene kuti iye anamverera pamene kuonera kuichotsa melodrama.

Kuyambira 70 a m'nthawi yomaliza kudziwika Katswiri Peter Sifneos kuonera odwala matenda somatic, woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "alexithymia". Ndi mu kuwerenga maganizo zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo akuchita kapena sadziwa kufotokoza maganizo anga, kapena kodi zolakwika, cholakwika, laconically. Peter Sifneos ankanena kuti anthu otere sakhala malingaliro, nthawizina iwo sakudziwa kusiyanitsa mzere wa pakati pa zomverera mkati thupi ndi maganizo, simungathe kumvetsa mmene munthu wina. zizindikiro zimenezi amaoneka pa nthawi yomweyo kapena mmodzi wa iwo ponseponse.

inafikira

Kodi anthu ambiri anakantha alexithymia? Ili ndi funso lovuta, yankho kuti akadali palibe, si nthawi zonse anthu kupempha thandizo kwa akatswiri a maganizo, popanda boma zachilengedwe ndi masoka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero atsopano deta matendawa amapezeka 5-25% ya anthu padziko lonse. Amphamvu divergence mu kanjedza komanso chifukwa chakuti akatswiri ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana matenda kudziwa pamaso pa chisokonezo ndi digiri ake.

Pankhaniyi, zamaganizo kuti alexithymia si n'chimodzimodzi ndi kukakala wathunthu. Anthu amenewa, komanso athanzi, nkhawa, ndizo basi zimawavuta kufotokoza maganizo mkati olalata. The kuchepekedwa mwa maonekedwe akunja zotsatira awo mu zochita thupi vegetative: maganizo, sanapeze njira kunja, kuponderezedwa, lidzasinthidwa matenda obwera chifukwa choganiza kwambiri. Koma ngati munthu uyu ali satha kulankhula bwinobwino, kugwirizana pakati pa nzeru ndi mphamvu akhoza udzasokonezedwa kwathunthu ndi zosatheka. Choncho, odwalawo amaganiza kuti mawu akuti "kumva" ndi "kuganiza" - ofanana.

mawonekedwe

Kuphunzira alexithymia - ntchito zofunika kwa zamaganizo ano. Kufikira tsopano, mbali zina za matendawa ndi sizoonekeratu ndi unexplored. Ngakhale izi, akatswiri anatha kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri kuphwanya: pulayimale ndi sekondale. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi mawonetseredwe kunja. alexithymia chachikulu mukhoza kupeza chifukwa cha zoopsa kubadwa. komanso akufotokozera chifukwa matenda mu utero mapangidwe mu ubongo mwana wosabadwayo. Timakusonyeza ali aang'ono. Atazindikira kuti china chake chinalakwika, makolo ayenera kuonana ndi matenda okhudza ubongo.

Secondary alexithymia - zotsatira zoopsazo, amene nthaŵi zina limodzi ndi ubongo kukanika ndi matenda a ubongo. Zingakhale kusonyeza PTSD matenda, kuchuluka nkhawa kapena maganizo chobisika. Pa chitukuko amakhudza makamaka cholakwika analeredwa: overprotection kapena, Tikawonetsetsa kupanda chidwi yaikulu ya makolo. Pulayimale pafupifupi si ankachitira, yachiwiri angakhale naco.

zifukwa

Alexithymia ngati vuto maganizo ali magwero chachikulu. Iwo ali a lachonde chimene amalima syndrome. Kulephera kupeza mawu apakamwa maganizo auza ofufuza ambiri apeza zifukwa zitatu:

• Akukonda CHOMUTHANDIZA, motsogoleredwa dongosolo limbic, amene ali ndi udindo kwa kumverera kwa kotekisi ubongo.
• Kulakwila kulankhulana pakati pa lamanzere ndi lamanja hemispheres: woyamba akhoza kuwazindikira chizindikiro cha zimene opangidwa wachiwiri.
• Chibadwa opatsirana zopindika wa chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Lingaliro la alexithymia, monga tatchulazi, zikusonyeza kuti zolakwikazo ukapezeka chifukwa cha mmene zinthu zoipa. The mwana angasiye Amatha kusonyeza mtima chifukwa cha olakwika ziletso, mwachitsanzo, "amuna musalire" kapena "zakukhosi pagulu ndi chosayenera." Asayansi ena komanso kuvomereza: alexithymia mwina chifukwa cha kuvulala mutu - kuwononga ndi corpus callosum, amene ali ndi udindo kwa ubale hemispheres lapansi.

mawonetseredwe

Alexithymia - izi ndi kuwerenga maganizo a kuphwanya ntchito anthu maganizo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, chikhalidwe cha anthu amenewa ali zina zapadera:

1. Mavuto kulankhulana, imene anthu mowirikiza kulalatira zakukhosi kwawo, pofotokoza khalidwe linalake wa mumtima.
2. Chizolowezi kusungulumwa. Pozindikira kuti si monga wina aliyense, munthu nthawi zambiri anabwerera ndi mu Iye akuyamba kupewa kampaniyo.
3. Limited m'maganizo. anthu amenewa kawirikawiri kukhala ojambula zithunzi, aluso kapena okonza. Iwo ali kwina kwathunthu luso pa ntchito yolenga.
4. Kulephera kuwona maloto yowala ndi zokongola.
5. Kukhala zabwino zomveka kuganiza, chizolowezi kaphatikizidwe ndi kusanthula mphamvu debriefing.
6. Akana yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale.

Ngati munthu amene akudwala aleksimiey, mumufunse iye zomwe akuona panthawiyo, mungathe kumva mayankho amenewo, "ozizira", "wakwiya" kapena "wovuta". Anthu amenewa nthawi zonse kusokoneza kutengeka ndi zomverera thupi.

lachitsanzo

Pamene munthu wodwala matenda alexithymia, kutanthauza kuti akhoza kupangidwa kufanana kwa matenda obwera chifukwa choganiza kwambiri. Iwo amanena kuti zitsanzo ziwiri za khalidwe: kukanidwa ndi wosaperewera. The choyamba ndi chopinga amphamvu amakhudza kuti amalola kuti n'kutheka kuti matenda reversibility. Ngakhale ambiri odwala kuyan'anila sizingasinthe ndipo sizingasinthidwe ngakhale ndi mankhwala yaitali. anthu awa akadali moyo popanda malingaliro kapena kukhumba. kuchepekedwa chitsanzo - kuposa chokwanira. Anthu amene amasankha osati kwathunthu wopanda maganizo, koma ena yekha wa iwo, kapena iwo zakukhosi kwawo, koma mu mawonekedwe chosakwanira, osati mapeto. Nthawi zina ngakhale athe kulingalira ndi kulenga.

Zamaganizo kwandithandiza asanasankhe alexithymia boma situational kapena limanena za khola umunthu khalidwe. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kuyan'anila kuwonetseredwa yekha pa zinthu zina, monga mu ndondomeko zoyankhulirana ndi mdani. Ndekha, munthu amatha ndithu kuti afotokoze maganizo awo ndiponso mtima.

zosokonezeka

mavuto ambiri pa mlingo thupi alexithymia: chilondacho, dermatitis, gastritis, matenda a m'matumbo, mphumu, matenda oopsa, matenda a mtima, sitiroko, atherosclerosis, ziwengo, migraine, ndi zina zotero. maganizo asanawonetseredwebe kopyatsya mwa chikumbumtima ndipo pang'onopang'ono tikupeza kunja mu mawonekedwe a thupi: munthu kusokonezedwa m'thupi maziko, pali wonongeka ziwalo ndi kachitidwe, amene akukhala chifukwa cha matenda pamwambapa.

Chotsatira ina alexithymia ali pogwiritsa owonjezera ndipo ngakhale kunenepa kwambiri. Malinga ndi maphunziro ambiri, kulephera kuti afotokoze maganizo mwamsanga lidzasinthidwa kudya chakudya osasamba, kusintha zokonda zophikira mokomera khalidwe osauka ndi mankhwala zoipa. Pankhaniyi, chithandizo cha matenda pa maziko a kulemera owonjezera zambiri zovuta kwa madokotala. Wokhudza makamaka kovuta, mulinso chitukuko cha alexithymia molumikizana ndi zizolowezi munthuyo uchidakwa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

diagnostics

Alexithymia kawirikawiri kusokonezedwa ndi zochita zina maganizo: maganizo, underdevelopment chidziwitso kapena akuchita misala. Choncho, funso matenda zolondola ndi akatswiri ndi zogwirizana kwambiri masiku ano. Zimathandiza kudziwa kwake kwa matenda a alexithymia lonse anayamba ndi wasayansi American Taylor. Mafunso linamasuliridwa ndi kusinthidwa mu St. Petersburg akatswiri pa Vladimir Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute. Mothandizidwa ndi odwala oposa zana ankafunsidwa, limene izo unakhazikitsidwa kuti odwala oziziritsa hemispheric asymmetry view bole akumane mawu a chithandizo.

Matendawa amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi sikelo ina - Schelling-Sifneos. Madokotala ntchito mafunso John Krystal, ndi njira projective, chifukwa anthu oterewa alibe m'maganizo, choncho mayankho awo ndi muyezo wa mtundu womwewo. Ngakhale, ntchito mayesero zolinga matenda ndi zovuta, popeza palibe deta normative. Komanso, madokotala nthawi yokwanira kuchita zinthu zatsopano, komanso zolakwa-free kutanthauzira zotsatira zawo.

chithandizo

Monga taonera, n'zovuta kupereka mankhwala alexithymia chachikulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo yachiwiri, yomwe ndi chotsatira cha zokumana ubwana ikhoza kusankha mothandizidwa ndi njira yamakono ya chikoka pa kutsitsimuka kwa munthu. Munthu akapezeka ndi alexithymia, chithandizo amasankha ndi misala ochiritsira. Ntchito komanso Gestalt mankhwala psychodynamic kusinthidwa ndondomeko luso mankhwala ndi kutsirikidwa. Cholinga chachikulu - kuphunzitsa wodwalayo kuti afotokoze maganizo awo ndiponso mtima.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa m'maganizo, amene amathandiza kukuza osiyanasiyana mawu maganizo. Pankhani mankhwala, asayansi ndiribe kubwera mawu ofanana: iwo kuthandiza kapena ayi. Akatswiri ena amati zotsatira zabwino za ntchito asamakhale ndi nkhawa pamaso pa matenda psychopathological monga mantha kuukira. Mulimonsemo, madokotala ndikukhulupirira kuti mankhwala ayenera kukhala zovuta. Pa nthawi yomweyo mbali yaikulu iwo ankaimba ndi okondedwa a anthu wodwala kupita kukakumana naye, kuthandiza kuwulula dziko lamkati la wokondedwa, kuthamangitsa otaya kuletsedwa ndi chobisika ake akumvera.