Akamanena za vuto ndi njira yothetsera "North - South"

Masiku ano, kuposa kale panali vuto, popanda zomwe zina mwapang'onopang'ono kayendedwe ka umunthu ndi chosatheka. chuma imapezeka mbali ya zochita za anthu, koma ambiri ndi ku chitukuko cha m'ma 21 zimadalira kuteteza mtendere, chikhalidwe ndi malo okhala a anthu, komanso chipembedzo, nzeru zaumunthu, ndi makhalidwe abwino. Makamaka mtengo wa mavuto padziko lonse chawonjezeka mu theka lachiwiri la zana la 20, pamene iwo anayamba kwambiri bwanji Kapangidwe ka dziko ndi chuma cha dziko.

Kupititsa magawano

Tisanayambe mu akamanena za vutoli, "North - South", tikambirana za mapangidwe ubale zachuma padziko lonse. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 20 wonse chuma dziko zachitika kale, monga mayiko ambiri pa dziko anachita nawo ubwenzi malonda. Kupititsa kugawikana kwa nthawi uwu, ndi mizati iwiri inapangidwa: maiko otukuka ndi madera awo - zipangizo ndi zokhudzana ulimi. Yotsirizira ankagwira gulu lonse za ntchito kale panali misika Amalawi iwo. Ie nawo mgwirizano wa mayiko a zachuma m'mayikowa sanafunike chitukuko awo, mayiko ndiponso mankhwala kuwonjezeka anayamba m'mafakitale. Ngakhale mutapeza ufulu wa ankawalamulira kale chuma dziko, chotero anapanga, kwazaka zambiri kusunga ubale pakati-periphery. Choncho, ngakhale zimachokera vuto la "North - South" anabereka nkhondo panopa padziko lonse.

mfundo zofunika

Choncho, monga mukudziwa, mogwirizana zachuma a m'mayiko olemera ndi osauka inachokera osati pa maziko ofanana. Akamanena za vuto lonse la "North - South" inali choona kuti m'mbuyo limati agrarian kukumana ndi mavuto pa m'deralo, dera, misinkhu yapakati-dera, ndipo ambiri a dongosolo la zachuma padziko lonse. m'mayiko osauka ndi mbali ya zachuma, kotero zandale, mavuto awo azachuma komanso chikhalidwe n'kogwiritsa kuonekera kale akuwonetseredwa kunja. Pakati pa umboni weniweni amene akhoza kutchulidwa Mwachitsanzo, zikuluzikulu amakakamizidwa kusamuka mayiko olemera, ndi kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana mu dziko, zatsopano ndi zimene takambiranazi wogonjetsedwa. N'chifukwa chake vuto lonse la "North - South" tsopano chimodzi chofunika kwambiri.

Kugwirizanitsa kusiyana mu mlingo wa patsogolo cuma ndi anthu pakati pa mayiko olemera ndi osauka, yotsirizira tsopano udzafunidwa kwa woyamba mitundu yonse ya zokambirana, kuphatikizapo kulimbitsa inflows likulu ndi chidziwitso (zambiri mu mawonekedwe a chithandizo), kuwongolera kupeza katundu wawo ku misika ya mayiko olemera, mpumulo ngongole ndi zina zotero.

Dongosolo lonse zachuma

Pa vuto la "North - South" mu dziko akuganiza mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zao za sikisite kwa zaka za m'ma 20, pamene kunali chipwirikiti chachikulu cha decolonization, mfundo latsopano kuti mayiko a zachuma anayamba kupanga mbaenda kwa mayiko amene akutukuka kumene kuti pochimanga. Ganizo chifungulo cha chiphunzitso cha anali otsatirawa:

• Choyamba, analenga maiko m'mbuyo chithandizo ŵakwenera nawo mayiko asapita chuma ;
• ndipo kachiwiri, kuti athandize m'mayiko osauka pa maziko pazikhala ndi khola ndi zedi kuti afanane lonse la mavuto a zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha mphamvu zimenezi, komanso kuchepetsa katundu ngongoleyo.

Choncho mayiko agrarian anasonyeza kusakhutira kwawo ndi dongosolo lonse malonda, pamene revenues ku katundu wa katundu kukonzedwa apamwamba (chifukwa kukhalapo mu mankhwala amenewa mkulu phindu anawonjezera) kuposa phindu pa katundu wa zipangizo. m'mayiko osauka atanthauzira mkhalidwewu kusonyeza kuwombola wosiyana. chisankho cha North ndi South mavuto anaona popereka thandizo kuchokera m'mayiko olemera ndalama zokwanira ndiponso mfundo imeneyi chinali chogwirizana mwachindunji mavuto azachuma ndipo anthu ambiri nthawi ya atsamunda ndi udindo zotsatira izi za atsamunda okhaokha kale.

Tsoka la gululo

Pofika m'ma Mipingo ya m'zaka za m'ma 20 kayendedwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo latsopano zachuma wapanga ena patsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, limati agrarian naye pa zopezeka mudziko zachilengedwe ndipo zimatheka mwayokha, kuti anali kuboma kuti nthawi zina Mwachitsanzo, zinthu ndi mphamvu anapereka kwa kukula mu m'mayiko osauka a revenues katundu. Pa nkhani ya "North - South" ambiri, izo anatha kukwaniritsa zina zabwino. Choncho, wakhala chinafoka kukula kwa mavuto ngongole, kuwonjezera magwero a thandizo kumayiko pa chitukuko cha limati, izo linavomereza mfundo za njira kusiyanitsidwa kwa lamulo la ngongole kunja pa mlingo dziko, malingana pa munthu GNI.

Chifukwa kugonjetsedwa ndi

Ngakhale zinthu zonse zabwino, ndi nthawi gululi anayamba kutaya udindo, ndipo pofika cha Mipingo ndi kwathunthu unatha. The zifukwa tingaone zambiri, koma pali akuluakulu awiri:

• The choyamba - kufooka kwambiri za umodzi okha limati m'mbuyo poteteza zonena zawo kuti iwo ayambitsa zosiyanasiyana mofulumira ndi kulekana kwa subgroups monga mayiko mafuta exporting, mayiko kumene otukuka.
• The chachiwiri - kuwonongeka kwa mayiko osauka kukambirana udindo: mayiko anayamba kulowa siteji positi-mafakitale kwambiri mwapang'ono mwayi kutsatira mkangano pa njira yothetsera vuto la "North - South" chofunika china.

Kayendedwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo latsopano zachuma chifukwa cha alephera, koma zotsutsana lonse anakhalabe.

Kuthetsa vuto la "North - South"

Panopa, pali njira zitatu kuthetsa vutoli timakhala chuma pakati pa osauka ndi m'mayiko olemera. Tikufotokozera aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

1. owolowa manja njira

anthu ake amakhulupirira kuti kugonjetsa backwardness ndi kutenga malo oyenera agrarian dziko kumathandiza kulephera kutengera masiku ano padziko lonse Chigawo cha ntchito limagwirira msika mu chuma cha dziko. Malinga olekerera, osauka States ayenera kutsata malamulo a liberalization za chuma, kuonetsetsa bata zazikulu za citukuko, wamba a boma chuma. Chotero njira yofikira kwa kuthetsa vuto la "North - South" mu khumi zapitazo, bwino ndithu ukuonekera mu zokambirana Multilaterial wa nkhani zakunja mu maudindo ambiri m'mayiko olemera.

2. njira antiglobalistskoj

mamembala ake ali nawo malingaliro kuti dongosolo la mgwirizano wa mayiko a zachuma m'dziko masiku ano wosiyana, ndi chuma dziko Pamlingo waukulu umalamulidwa ndi kuphangira lonse, amene amapanga zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo North South. Anti-globalists, kukangana kuti mayiko olemera mwadala kufuna mitengo zopangira akhala yafupika, ngakhale Choncho overstate mtengo wa katundu kukonzedwa, ayenera ukasintha kubwereza dongosolo lonse ubale zachuma dziko mu dongosolo volitional mokomera m'mayiko osauka. M'mawu ena, mu zikhalidwe pano iwo amachita monga otsatira kopitilira muyeso-kwakukulu ndi maganizo atsopano kuti mayiko a zachuma.

3. structuralist njira

anthu ake amavomereza kuti dongosolo la mgwirizano wa mayiko a zachuma, amene alipo pakadali pano, zikhoza m'mayiko osauka mavuto aakulu kwambiri. Komabe, mosiyana ndi mbali ya njira odana ndi kudalirana, amazindikira kuti kusintha malo m'mayiko amenewa mu gulu lonse za ntchito sizigwira ntchito popanda kusintha kandalama limati agrarian okha, kusintha mpikisano awo, kupereka m'makalata osiyana a chuma cha dziko. Mu lingaliro lawo, dongosolo ubale chuma ayenera kusintha, koma m'njira kuti zosintha ndi facilitates kusintha m'mayiko osauka.

Pa nkhani olimbikitsa njira imeneyi kunena kuti vuto lonse la "North - South" zingathe kuthetsedwa, ngati m'mayiko olemera adzakhala kuganizira mavuto cholinga ndi peculiarities wa chitukuko m'mbuyo m'mayiko osauka ndi kukuza zokonda malonda kwa iwo. Mu ziriri pano ndi moyenera ochuluka anazindikira, ndipo amagwirizana nacho chiyembekezo cha kuthetsa vuto la mgwirizano pakati pa North ndi South.