Mfumu Chipata. Kaliningrad

Mfumu Chipata (Kaliningrad) - mmodzi wa wotchuka zikhomo kamangidwe ka mzinda kwambiri kumadzulo kwa Russia. Maonekedwe, kapangidwe kakufanana osati Chipilala cha kupambana, osati ting'onoting'ono kusaka m'linga.

A mwachidule mbiri ya mpanda mu Kaliningrad

Nyumbayi woyamba pa magombe a mtsinje Pregel anatuluka mu zaka za m'ma XIII. Komabe, lingaliro kutembenukira lonse mu linga Konigsberg anauza anthu ake pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX (pambuyo ankamukonda mosavuta asilikali Napoleon a). Mu 1841 mumzinda anachezeredwa ndi mfumu Friedrich Wilhelm IV, amene nzika apempha nkumanga ya malinga wamphamvu.

Yaikulu ntchito pa ntchito yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri Konigsberg anayamba imene inali malo achitetezo odalirika East Prussia. City mphete za malinga linagawanika pa amadzibisa angapo. Aliyense wa amenewa akuphatikizapo earthworks, bastions, nsanja, maudindo zida zankhondo ndi chipata mayendedwe.

Ndi chitukuko cha zida zankhondo, anaganiza anazungulira Kenigsberg komanso lamba forts. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti iwo anapitiriza kuteteza mzinda ndi thandizo la losatha shelling mdani. Posachedwa 15 njerwa forts (12 lalikulu ndi atatu zing'onozing'ono) zochuluka pafupi ndi Kaliningrad ano. Iwo onse anali olumikizidwa kwa kutalika mphete msewu wa 43 Km.

The mzaka zana makumi awiri inali nthawi ya chitukuko mofulumira ndi wamakono zida ndi luso wochita ntchito ya usilikali. Choncho, mpanda wa Konigsberg kwambiri mofulumira zimasintha ndi zoona, udindo wake ankaimbidwa mu nkhani iwo sizinachitike.

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, ndi mkati chitetezo zone Konigsberg anagulidwa akuluakulu mzinda usilikali. Ambiri a chitetezo ndi makoma ankaiphwasula migodi anapanga misewu ndi njira. Mwamwayi, Mfumu Chipata anapulumuka. Pa iwo Tikambirana zina.

Mfumu Chipata (Kaliningrad): ofotokoza ndi malo

Masiku ano Kaliningrad-Konigsberg anakhalabe zipata zisanu ndi ziwiri za lamba lamkati la malinga pachibwenzi kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. Iwo zipata Rossgarten kumpoto, ndi Ausfalskie Railway - Kumadzulo, Brandenburg (cha kum'mwera kwa), Friedland (kum'mwera), Sackheim ndi Mfumu Chipata (kum'mawa). Onse a iwo anamangidwa ku nthawi kuchokera 1840 mpaka 1850 mu kalembedwe Gothic Chitsitsimutso.

Mfumu Chipata zikuimira kwa mzinda, ali okongola kwambiri ndi limaonetseratu za ena onse. Mlembi wa zomangamanga ndi ambiri Ernst Ludwig Von Aster. Kupanga ziboliboli chinkhoswe Vilgelm Lyudvig Shtyurmer.

Gates ili Chilituyaniya kutsinde pakati pa phata la "Grolman" ndi njira za ku New Pregel.

Mbiri ya pomanga Royal Chipata

Chipata nalo dzina lake pa msewu eponymous. Royal ankatchedwa chifukwa mafumu Prussian anatumizidwa naye mumzinda (msewu anatsogolera kwa mzinda Devau).

Kuyika mwala woyamba wa kapangidwe tsogolo chinachitika mu 1843. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakapezeka Mfumu Friedrich Wilhelm IV. Pa nthawi yomanga zipata mbali zonse embankments pafupi. Kenako, ndi chitukuko zoyendera msewu angaimbidwenso. Kunali msewu pafupi ndi dongosolo la njerwa. Choncho, chipata anali yekhayekha, nyumba zosiyana.

Ndi 90 oyambirira Mfumu Chipata kwambiri lawola ndi inkafunika kukonzedwanso kwambiri. Ntchito yobwezeretsa linayamba m'dzinja 2004. Iwo akhala allocated ku bajeti ya pafupifupi 20 miliyoni rubles.

Features wa zomangamanga ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Gates ndi njerwa zofiira dongosolo, wopangidwa mwa ndime lonse (mamita 4.5) ndi casemates, ili mbali ya izo. Kumanga kunja analimbitsa embrasures. Cham'mbali chipata kuligaŵa lamba-eaves pawiri. M'mbali cham'mwamba mwa madenga a casemates, komanso monga malangizo, korona battlements ndi turrets kakang'ono.

The gawo pamwamba chokongoletsedwa chipata zamkati kumene ziboliboli za Czech Mfumu Otakar II, Prussian Mfumu Frederick Ine la Prussia ndi Albrecht I.

Mu 2005, pambuyo ntchito kubwezeretsa, khoma la pachipata Royal anaika choncho ndi uthenga kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo. Mmodzi wa zolemba mu adzaupereka kwa pulezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin.

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, izo zinali mu Chipata Mfumu kungakhale makhalidwe angapo, zobisika ndi ankhondo German pa mthunzi ku mzinda mu 1945.

Mfumu Chipata Museum ndi ntchito yake nthawi

Zima 2005 Chipata anakhala nthambi ya ku World Ocean Museum. Nyumba linaikidwa zisudzo angapo zoyenera chitukuko cha chitetezo cha mzindawo ndi ulendo Kaliningrad zosiyanasiyana umunthu odziwika bwino, makamaka - mfumu ya ofesi ya kazembe wa Peter Wamkulu mu Europe.

M'nyumbayi Komanso nthawi ikuchitika zosiyanasiyana, miyambo ndi misonkhano ya alendo yachilendo. mtundu wa "pachipata" kwa Russia kwa amzathu Western akhala Chipata akale Mfumu. owonetsera zakale Address: Frunze msewu, 112. Pitani ankatsutsa tsiku lililonse kuchokera maola 11 kuti 18 (kupatula Lolemba ndi Lachiwiri) ..